Deck 20: Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

An increased respiration rate

A) increases the carbonic acid in the blood
B) decreases the carbonic acid in the blood
C) causes the pH of the blood to drop
D) both a and c above

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The enzyme that converts carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid is

A) carbonic anhydrase
B) carbaminohemoglobin
C) carbonate
D) carbon dioxidase

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Metabolism tends to add

A) more bases than acids to the blood
B) more acids than bases to the blood
C) about an equal amount of acids and bases
D) only neutral substances to the blood

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A solution with a pH of 5.0 would

A) be an acid solution
B) have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
C) be neutral
D) both a and b above

Question 5

A solution with a pH of 9.0 would

A) be an acid solution
B) have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
C) be neutral
D) have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions

Question 6

When the carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid

A) water is an end product
B) carbonic anhydrase reacts with the carbonic acid
C) more sodium bicarbonate is formed
D) more carbonic acid is formed

Question 7

A solution with a pH of 7.0 would

A) have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
B) be an acid solution
C) be a neutral solution
D) both a and c above

Question 8

The mechanism used by the body to regulate body pH is

A) the buffer system
B) the respiratory mechanism
C) the urinary mechanism
D) all of the above

Question 9

The results of metabolic processes usually add

A) relatively weak bases to the blood
B) relatively strong bases to the blood
C) relatively weak acids to the blood
D) relatively strong acids to the blood

Question 10

Strong acids tend to

A) greatly raise the pH
B) greatly lower the pH
C) do not dissociate as much as weak acids
D) both a and b above

Question 11

A decrease in respiration rate

A) increases the carbonic acid in the blood
B) decreases the carbonic acid in the blood
C) causes a drop in blood pH
D) both a and c above

Question 12

The slightly lower pH of venous blood compared to arterial blood is caused by

A) the lower oxygen level of venous blood
B) the influx of lactic acid in venous blood
C) the influx of carbon dioxide in venous blood
D) all of the above

Question 13

When the carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base

A) water is produced
B) hydrogen ions are added to the solution
C) more carbonic acid is produced
D) both b and c above

Question 14

Buffer pairs

A) absorb hydrogen ions
B) absorb hydroxide ions
C) prevent sharp changes in the pH of a solution
D) all of the above

Question 15

The most effective regulator of blood pH is

A) the buffer system
B) the respiratory system
C) the urinary system
D) both b and c are equally effective

Question 16

pH is a measurement of the

A) hydrogen ion concentration of a solution
B) hydroxide ion concentration of a solution
C) amount of buffer needed in a solution
D) both b and c above

Question 17

If saliva has a pH of 7.7,arterial blood has a pH of 7.45.That means

A) arterial blood is more alkaline than saliva
B) arterial blood is more acid than saliva
C) saliva has more hydrogen ions than arterial blood
D) both a and c above

Question 18

A solution with a pH of 7.0

A) would have more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
B) would have fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions
C) would have an equal number of hydrogen and hydroxide ions
D) would be an acid solution

Question 19

When the carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers an acid

A) the pH of the blood drops slightly
B) a weak acid is replaced by a strong acid
C) water is formed
D) both a and c above

Question 20

When the carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers a base

A) sodium chloride is produced
B) water is produced
C) the pH rises less than it would if there were no buffer system
D) both b and c above

Question 21

The lungs can remove the equivalent of more than this much carbonic acid each day

A) 30 liters
B) 40 liters
C) 50 liters
D) 20 liters

Question 22

Patients with a carbonic acid excess experience

A) metabolic alkalosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) respiratory alkalosis
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 23

The part of the nephron that secretes hydrogen ions into the urine is the

A) proximal tubule
B) Henle loop
C) distal tubule
D) collecting tubule

Question 24

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions

A) the pH of the blood drops
B) the pH of the urine drops
C) carbonic acid is formed in the blood
D) none of the above

Question 25

A solution with a pH of 9.0 has

A) 10 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0
B) 100 times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0
C) 100 times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0
D) 10 times fewer hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7.0

Question 26

Excessive vomiting results in a massive loss of HCl and

A) respiratory alkalosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 27

Effective functioning of which of the following depends on the regulation of the hydrogen ion concentration?

A) Cellular enzymes
B) Antibodies
C) Hemoglobin
D) Both a and c above depend on regulation of the hydrogen ion concentration

Question 28

The term fixed acid means

A) an acid that does not break down to form a gas
B) a weak acid that will not dissociate
C) an acid that cannot be broken down to a simpler substance
D) an acid that resists neutralization

Question 29

A drop in the ratio of sodium bicarbonate to carbonic acid because of untreated diabetes can be called

A) uncompensated respiratory acidosis
B) uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
C) uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 30

Alkalosis occurs when the

A) blood concentration of hydrogen ions rises
B) pH of the blood drops
C) concentration of the hydroxide ion drops
D) blood pH rises

Question 31

The proper buffer pair ratio is

A) 20 times more sodium bicarbonate than carbonic acid
B) 20 times more carbonic acid than sodium bicarbonate
C) 10 times more sodium bicarbonate than carbonic acid
D) 10 times more carbonic acid than sodium bicarbonate

Question 32

The kidney also can acidify the urine by

A) converting an ammonia molecule to an amino group
B) by deaminating a fat
C) by converting an amino group to ammonia
D) both b and c above

Question 33

When the carbonic acid-sodium bicarbonate buffer pair buffers lactic acid

A) the amount of carbonic acid in the blood decreases
B) the amount of carbonic acid in the blood increases
C) the amount of bicarbonate in the blood increases
D) both a and c above

Question 34

Acidosis occurs when the

A) blood concentration of hydrogen ions drop
B) blood pH drops
C) concentration of the hydroxide ion increases
D) pH of the blood rises

Question 35

When comparing venous and arterial blood

A) arterial blood is basic and venous blood is acidic
B) venous blood is basic and arterial blood is acidic
C) both venous and arterial blood are slightly acidic
D) both venous and arterial blood are slightly basic

Question 36

One advantage that the kidneys have over the lungs in regulating pH is that

A) they can remove a large amount of carbonic acid
B) they can raise the pH of the blood
C) they can lower the pH of the blood
D) kidneys have no advantage over the lungs in regulating pH

Question 37

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase is found

A) in red blood cells
B) in white blood cells
C) in epithelial cells lining blood vessels
D) as a free protein in blood plasma

Question 38

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions

A) the pH of the urine rises
B) sodium ions are added to the urine also
C) the bicarbonate ion is added to the urine also
D) none of the above

Question 39

Patients with a bicarbonate deficit experience

A) metabolic alkalosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) respiratory alkalosis
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 40

The fluid in the body with the highest hydrogen ion concentration is

A) saliva
B) gastric juice
C) venous blood
D) arterial blood

Question 41

A buffer is a substance that prevents a sharp change in the pH of a solution when an acid or base is added.

Question 42

A neutral solution has an equal number of hydroxide and hydrogen ions.

Question 43

As the pH value of a solution goes up,the hydrogen ion concentration goes up.

Question 44

Following cardiac arrest,there is almost an immediate development of

A) respiratory alkalosis
B) respiratory acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) metabolic acidosis

Question 45

An alkaline solution has a pH greater than 7.0.

Question 46

A common buffer pair is sodium bicarbonate and carbonic acid.

Question 47

Metabolic processes tend to produce more bases than acids.

Question 48

An acid solution has a pH above 7.0.

Question 49

An acid solution has more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions.

Question 50

If the sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of HCl,more carbonic acid would be formed.

Question 51

The term that describes the condition when the respiratory system has not yet compensated for the drop in pH is called

A) bicarbonate loading
B) emesis
C) uncompensated metabolic acidosis
D) uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Question 52

The pH of a solution indicates the solution's hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 53

Carbonic anhydrase turns water and carbon dioxide into carbonic acid.

Question 54

If the sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of HCl,sodium chloride would be produced.

Question 55

Water turns carbon dioxide into carbonic anhydrase.

Question 56

Arterial blood has a pH of 7.45.Venous blood has a pH of 7.35.This means that arterial blood has fewer hydrogen ions than arterial blood.

Question 57

Arterial blood has a pH of 7.45.Venous blood has a pH of 7.35.This means that venous blood is more basic than arterial blood.

Question 58

If the sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of HCl,more sodium bicarbonate would be produced.

Question 59

What term describes the set of processes that the body uses to try to restore balance when acidosis or alkalosis occurs?

A) Cotransport
B) Compensation
C) Bicarbonate loading
D) Emesis

Question 60

The slightly lower pH of venous blood is the result of its higher concentration of carbon dioxide.

Question 61

The lung is the most effective regulator of body pH.

Question 62

Lactic acid is an example of a "fixed" acid.

Question 63

Hyperventilation would remove more carbonic acid than normal and would cause a decrease in the hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 64

If the sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of NaOH,water would be an end product.

Question 65

The carbon dioxide that is exhaled reduces the amount of carbonic acid in the blood.

Question 66

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions,it lowers the pH of the blood.

Question 67

In Bowman capsule,carbon dioxide and water join to become carbonic acid.

Question 68

When buffer systems buffer an acid,a strong acid is replaced with a weak acid.

Question 69

If the sodium bicarbonate-carbonic acid buffer pair was to buffer a solution of NaOH,the amount of carbonic acid would increase.

Question 70

Carbonic acid is the most abundant acid in body fluids.

Question 71

Lactic acid is the most abundant acid in body fluids.

Question 72

A decreased breathing rate reduces the amount of carbonic acid removed and causes a rise in the pH of the blood.

Question 73

Hyperventilation would remove more carbonic acid than normal and would cause a drop in blood pH.

Question 74

When a buffer system buffers a basic solution,the weak acid donates a hydrogen ion to convert the hydroxide ion to water.

Question 75

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions,it lowers the pH of the urine.

Question 76

Hyperventilation can cause acidosis.

Question 77

A decrease in breathing rate reduces the amount of carbonic acid removed and causes an increase of hydrogen ions in the blood.

Question 78

A "fixed" acid does not break down to form a gas.

Question 79

The kidneys are able to remove base from the body,whereas the lungs can remove only acid.

Question 80

The kidney is the most effective regulator of body pH.