Deck 1: B: Organization of the Body

Question 1

The mediastinum contains all the following except the:

A) trachea.
B) venae cavae.
C) right lung.
D) esophagus.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Physiology can be subdivided according to the _____ studied.

A) type of organism
B) organizational level
C) systemic function
D) All of the above are correct.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

All of the following systems and their organs participate in the actions of transport and defense within the human body except the _____ system.

A) urinary
B) cardiovascular
C) lymphatic
D) respiratory

Answer 3

A

Question 4

An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n):

A) tissue.
B) organism.
C) system.
D) organ.

Question 5

The body's thermostat is located in the:

A) heart.
B) cerebellum.
C) pituitary.
D) hypothalamus.

Question 6

From smallest to largest,the levels of organization of the body are:

A) organism, chemical, tissue, cellular, organ, system, organelle.
B) chemical, microscopic, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.
C) organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, organelle, chemical.
D) chemical, organelle, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism.

Question 7

Physiology:

A) recognizes the unchanging (as opposed to the dynamic) nature of things.
B) investigates the body's structure.
C) is concerned with organisms and does not deal with different levels of organization such as cells and systems.
D) is the science that examines the function of living organisms and their parts.

Question 8

Systemic anatomy is a term that refers to:

A) physiological investigation at a microscopic level.
B) anatomical investigation that begins in the head and neck and concludes at the feet.
C) anatomical investigation that uses an approach of studying the body by systems-groups of organs having a common function.
D) anatomical investigation at the molecular level.

Question 9

Metabolism refers to:

A) the chemical basis of life.
B) the sum of all the physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body.
C) an organization of similar cells specialized to perform a certain function.
D) a subdivision of physiology.

Question 10

The reproductive system includes all of the following except the:

A) testes.
B) ovaries.
C) ureter.
D) penis.

Question 11

Which of the following is not one of the basic components in a feedback control loop?

A) Effector mechanism
B) Transmitter
C) Sensor
D) Integrating center

Question 12

Which of the following describes anatomy?

A) Using devices to investigate parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure
B) Investigating human structure via dissections and other methods
C) Studying the unusual manner in which an organism responds to painful stimuli
D) Examining the physiology of life

Question 13

A somatotype characterized by having a muscular physique is called a(n):

A) endomorph.
B) mesomorph.
C) ectomorph.
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 14

The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are:

A) molecules.
B) cells.
C) organelles.
D) atoms.

Question 15

Negative feedback mechanisms:

A) minimize changes in blood glucose levels.
B) maintain homeostasis.
C) are responsible for an increased rate of sweating when air temperature is higher than body temperature.
D) all of the above are correct.

Question 16

Homeostasis can best be described as:

A) a constant state maintained by living and nonliving organisms.
B) a state of relative constancy.
C) adaptation to the external environment.
D) changes in body temperature.

Question 17

The lungs are located in the:

A) thoracic cavity.
B) mediastinum.
C) abdominal cavity.
D) cranial cavity.

Question 18

The contraction of the uterus during the birth of a baby is an example of _____ feedback.

A) negative
B) positive
C) inhibitory
D) deviating

Question 19

An organ is one organizational step lower than a(n):

A) system.
B) cell.
C) organelle.
D) tissue.

Question 20

Withdrawing from a painful stimulus is an example of:

A) excretion.
B) growth.
C) responsiveness.
D) secretion.

Question 21

The gallbladder lies in the:

A) abdominal cavity.
B) pelvic cavity.
C) dorsal cavity.
D) mediastinum.

Question 22

Pathogenesis may be defined as:

A) a specific disease.
B) a group of diseases.
C) the course of disease development.
D) a subgroup of viruses.

Question 23

Popliteal refers to the:

A) calf.
B) ankle.
C) cheek.
D) area behind the knee.

Question 24

A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region.

A) right lumbar
B) right hypochondriac
C) hypogastric
D) umbilical

Question 25

The study of the aging process is called:

A) neonatology.
B) gerontology.
C) dermatology.
D) podiatry.

Question 26

A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called:

A) sagittal.
B) frontal.
C) coronal.
D) transverse.

Question 27

Intracellular parasites that consist of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat and sometimes by a lipoprotein envelope are called:

A) viruses.
B) bacteria.
C) fungi.
D) protozoa.

Question 28

Humans have similar right and left sides of the body,at least superficially.This is an example of:

A) anatomical position.
B) anterior symmetry.
C) ipsilateral position.
D) bilateral symmetry.

Question 29

The dorsal cavity contains all of the following except the:

A) brain.
B) spinal column.
C) spinal cord.
D) thyroid gland.

Question 30

The abdominal region in which the urinary bladder is found is the:

A) hypogastric.
B) epigastric.
C) right lumbar.
D) left iliac.

Question 31

The term that literally means self-immunity is:

A) autoimmunity.
B) homoimmunity.
C) passive immunity.
D) active immunity.

Question 32

The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:

A) kidneys.
B) gallbladder.
C) right lung.
D) urinary bladder.

Question 33

The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint?

A) Umbilicus
B) Pubic bone
C) Xiphoid process
D) Iliac crest

Question 34

A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is:

A) sagittal.
B) median.
C) coronal.
D) transverse.

Question 35

The abdominal region in which the appendix is found is the:

A) hypogastric.
B) right iliac.
C) right lumbar.
D) right hypochondriac.

Question 36

Epidemiology is the study of the _____ of diseases in human populations.

A) occurrence
B) distribution
C) transmission
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 37

The number of abdominal regions is:

A) three.
B) five.
C) seven.
D) nine.

Question 38

The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane.

A) sagittal
B) frontal
C) transverse
D) superficial

Question 39

Two major cavities of the human body are:

A) ventral/dorsal.
B) inferior/superior.
C) visceral/parietal.
D) axial/appendicular.

Question 40

A somatotype characterized by a thin,fragile physique is a(n):

A) ectomorph.
B) mesomorph.
C) endomorph.

Question 41

A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions.

A) upper and lower
B) right and left
C) front and back
D) cortex and medullary

Question 42

Several kinds of tissues working together is termed a(n):

A) plasma membrane.
B) organ.
C) organism.
D) organ system.

Question 43

An idea that is supported by repeated experiments and observation is called a:

A) fact.
B) theory.
C) concept.
D) hypothesis.

Question 44

Positive feedback control systems:

A) have no effect on the deviation from set point.
B) accelerate a change.
C) ignore a change.
D) do not exist in human systems.

Question 45

Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of life?

A) Digestion
B) Balance
C) Conductivity
D) Circulation
E) Reproduction

Question 46

Visceral peritoneum would cover which of the following organs?

A) Heart
B) Intestines
C) Lungs
D) Spinal cord

Question 47

Negative feedback control systems:

A) oppose a change.
B) accelerate a change.
C) have no effect on the deviation from set point.
D) establish a new set point.

Question 48

Blood production is a function of which system?

A) Reproductive
B) Respiratory
C) Skeletal
D) Lymphatic

Question 49

The _____ tissue is not a major tissue of the body.

A) cutaneous
B) epithelial
C) connective
D) nervous

Question 50

Which of the following may put one at risk for developing a given disease?

A) Environment
B) Stress
C) Lifestyle
D) All of the above

Question 51

The ventral body cavity contains the:

A) thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
B) heart and lungs only.
C) digestive and reproductive organs.
D) brain and spinal cord.

Question 52

The axial portion of the body consists of the:

A) arms, neck, and legs.
B) neck, torso, and arms.
C) torso, arms, legs, and head.
D) head, neck, and torso.

Question 53

The dorsal body cavity contains the:

A) brain and spinal cord.
B) heart and lungs.
C) reproductive organs.
D) digestive organs.

Question 54

Axilla is a term referring to which body region?

A) Anterior elbow
B) Armpit
C) Posterior knee
D) Groin

Question 55

Mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,and endoplasmic reticulum are examples of:

A) molecules.
B) cytoplasm.
C) organelles.
D) plasma membranes.

Question 56

"Apple-shaped" or "pear-shaped" usually describes subtypes of what major body type?

A) Mesomorph
B) Ectomorph
C) Endomorph
D) Polymorph

Question 57

When many similar cells specialize to perform a certain function,it is referred to as a(n):

A) tissue.
B) organelle.
C) organ system complex.
D) organism.

Question 58

The abdominopelvic cavity contains all of the following except the:

A) stomach.
B) pancreas.
C) heart.
D) reproductive organs.

Question 59

A sagittal section divides the body into _____ portions.

A) upper and lower
B) right and left
C) front and back
D) proximal and distal

Question 60

Molecules are:

A) atoms combined to form larger chemical aggregates.
B) electrons orbiting nuclei.
C) a complex of electrons arranged in concentric shells.
D) composed of cellular organelles.

Question 61

An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver.Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included?

A) Right hypochondriac, epigastric, and left hypochondriac
B) Right hypochondriac, right lumbar, and right iliac
C) Right iliac, hypogastric, and left iliac
D) Right lumbar, umbilical, and left lumbar

Question 62

The narrowest part of an organ or body structure is called the _____ of the organ.

A) cortical part
B) lumen
C) medullary part
D) apical part

Question 63

Eponyms are scientific terms that:

A) sound alike but are spelled differently.
B) can have more than one meaning.
C) are based on a person's name.
D) are none of the above.

Question 64

During a routine physical examination,a patient with an endomorphic somatotype with a large waistline and overall "apple shape" should be advised that such a distribution of fat may lead to what conditions?

A) Heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and colitis
B) Heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, and diabetes
C) Heart disease, stroke, low blood pressure, and colitis
D) Prostate cancer, low blood pressure, and diabetes

Question 65

If the secretion of oxytocin during childbirth operated as a negative feedback control loop,what effect would it have on uterine contractions?

A) Oxytocin would stimulate stronger uterine contractions.
B) Oxytocin would inhibit uterine contractions.
C) There would be no changes in the strength of the uterine contractions.
D) Uterine contractions would initially be weak and then gain strength after the release of the hormone.

Question 66

As a nurse,you are assisting a physician with the examination of a patient.The physician asks you to tell the patient,who is lying on the examination table,to assume the anatomical position.How would you instruct the patient to assume this position?

A) Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing forward, with hands and feet facing forward.
B) Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing posteriorly, with hands and feet facing forward.
C) Have the patient stand up and place his arms behind him, palms facing to the side, with feet facing forward.
D) Have the patient stand up and place his arms at his sides, palms facing down, with feet facing forward.

Question 67

Shivering to try to raise your body temperature back to normal would be an example of:

A) the body trying to maintain homeostasis.
B) a positive feedback mechanism.
C) a negative feedback mechanism.
D) both A and C.

Question 68

Someone studying gross anatomy would not study which of the following?

A) The location of the heart and chambers of the heart
B) Muscles of the arms and legs
C) The nucleus of the cell
D) All of the above would be studied.

Question 69

Of the 11 major body systems,which is the least involved in maintaining homeostasis?

A) Circulatory
B) Endocrine
C) Lymphatic
D) Reproductive

Question 70

If your reference point is "farthest from the trunk of the body" versus "nearest to the trunk of the body," where does the knee lie in relation to the ankle?

A) Distal
B) Proximal
C) Superficial
D) Superior

Question 71

The parietal pleura covers the:

A) lungs.
B) heart.
C) walls of the thoracic cavity.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 72

The hollow part of an organ or body structure is called the _____ of the organ.

A) cortical part
B) lumen
C) medullary part
D) apical part

Question 73

The study of microscopic anatomy might include:

A) systemic anatomy.
B) cytology.
C) histology.
D) both B and C.

Question 74

The structure that is called the "power house" of the cell is the:

A) cytoplasm.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) mitochondria.
D) Golgi apparatus.

Question 75

An organ is one organizational step higher than a(n):

A) system.
B) cell.
C) organelle.
D) tissue.

Question 76

Which of the following is not a directional term of the body?

A) Apical
B) Proximal
C) Superficial
D) Deep

Question 77

What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface?

A) Deep
B) Distal
C) Proximal
D) Superficial

Question 78

Which of the following is a protein substance with no DNA or RNA and is thought to be the cause of mad cow disease?

A) Virus
B) Bacteria
C) Prion
D) Protozoan

Question 79

Of the pathogenic organisms,which of the following are the most complex?

A) Viruses
B) Tapeworms
C) Bacteria
D) Protozoa

Question 80

Which of the following does not describe anatomical position?

A) Head pointing forward
B) Body standing erect
C) Arms extended from the shoulders, palms up
D) All of the above describe the body in the anatomical position.