Deck 3: A: Anatomy of Cells

Question 1

The cell's internal supporting framework is called the cytoskeleton.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The outer portion of the cell membrane is hydrophobic,or water-loving.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Heart muscle cells are joined by gap junctions to facilitate the movement of electrical impulses.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Cell connections called desmosomes are like Velcro holding cells together.

Question 5

The size of a cell's nucleolus is indirectly related to the amount of protein the cell produces.

Question 6

Generally,the more active a cell is,the fewer mitochondria it will contain.

Question 7

Tight junctions do not allow molecules to spread through the cracks between cells.

Question 8

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that detoxify harmful substances.

Question 9

The number of mitochondria in a cell is basically related to its degree of cell activity.

Question 10

Gap junctions are found in the small intestine.They allow molecules to flow between cells.

Question 11

The functions of the nucleus are regulated by RNA.

Question 12

The plasma membrane can be described as a double layer of phospholipid molecules.

Question 13

Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for making proteins to be exported out of the cell.

Question 14

The thinnest cell fibers are tiny,hollow tubes called microtubules.

Question 15

The longest extension of a nerve cell can be almost a foot long.

Question 16

The nucleolus is made up of tightly coiled DNA.

Question 17

The major direct cell connections are tight junctions,gap junctions,and desmosomes.

Question 18

Cilia are longer and more numerous than flagella.

Question 19

An important function of the cell membrane is the maintenance of cell integrity.

Question 20

Cell fibers that are composed of twisted protein strands describes microtubules.

Question 21

The main function of the ribosome is to provide energy to the cell.

Question 22

The protein-processing units of the Golgi apparatus are called cisterna.

Question 23

Lysosomes can be called the "garbage disposals" of the cell.

Question 24

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle that supplies membrane material for use throughout the cell.

Question 25

The "typical" cell described in this chapter is very similar to most of the cells in the human body.

Question 26

Ribosomes are only found attached to endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 27

The inner folds of the mitochondria are called cisterna.

Question 28

The body of a female does not produce cells with flagella.

Question 29

The Golgi apparatus helps to prepare material for export from the cell.

Question 30

Water-soluble substances easily pass through the cell membrane.

Question 31

Glycoproteins on the cell membrane identify the cell as "self."

Question 32

One of the main functions of the mitochondria is to supply the cell with ATP.

Question 33

The name nucleus comes from the Greek word for color.

Question 34

The watery fluid in the cell is called cytosol.

Question 35

Chromosomes and chromatin are both forms of DNA.

Question 36

It is likely that a muscle cell would have more mitochondria than a fat cell.

Question 37

Rough endoplasmic reticulum looks rough because there are mitochondria attached to it.

Question 38

The catalase in the peroxisomes reacts to detoxify carbon dioxide.

Question 39

Proteins in the cell membrane can control the movement of material through the cell membrane.

Question 40

Microtubules are sometimes called the engines of the cell.

Question 41

Hormones attach to special cholesterol molecules in the cell membrane.

Question 42

An angstrom is larger than a nanometer.

Question 43

The fluid mosaic model describes the chromatin material found in the nucleus.

Question 44

The nucleus is the only structure in the cell that contains DNA.

Question 45

An organelle called a vault,composed of RNA and protein,functions to shuttle molecules to and from the nucleus.

Question 46

Muscular dystrophy is a disease condition that can be linked to the malfunctioning of proteasomes.

Question 47

Small proteins called ubiquitins assist the proteasomes in accomplishing their function.

Question 48

A complete ribosome only exists when it is making a protein.

Question 49

Another term for cytosol is intracellular fluid.

Question 50

Schleiden and Schwann were the first scientists to see cells.

Question 51

The proteasomes contain enzymes that assist in protein synthesis.

Question 52

In order for the Golgi apparatus to function correctly,both the ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum must be functioning also.

Question 53

Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules that are rich in cholesterol.

Question 54

Two types of lipids,phospholipids and cholesterol,are important molecules in the cell membrane.

Question 55

A major part of ribosomes is deoxyribonucleic acid.

Question 56

One function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is to help maintain a low Ca⁺⁺ concentration in the cell's interior.

Question 57

Proteasomes only destroy abnormal or misfolded proteins in the cell.

Question 58

Three ribosomal subunits must come together to form a functioning ribosome.

Question 59

The largest human cell is the female ovum or egg cell.

Question 60

Many ribosomes can work on the same mRNA strand at the same time; when this occurs,the structure is called a polyribosome.

Question 61

The usual destination for vesicles released by the Golgi apparatus is the nucleus of the cell.

Question 62

Centrosomes play an important role in cell division.

Question 63

Integral membrane proteins play an important role in pinching off the cell membrane so two new cells can form during cell division.

Question 64

Lysosomes are vesicles that have been pinched off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 65

One function of the microvilli is to increase the surface area of a membrane to provide for more efficient absorption.

Question 66

All of the cell extensions-microvilli,cilia,and flagella-have basically the same structure.They only differ in number per cell and length.

Question 67

Primary cilia are unable to move because they lack the central pair of microtubules and motor molecules.

Question 68

Small protein structures called molecular motors pull loads form one part of the cell to another along the cytoskeleton.

Question 69

Organelles can be divided into two groups,hydrophobic (water fearing)and hydrophilic (water loving).

Question 70

Primary cilia can act as sensory organelles.

Question 71

The centriole is a single cylindrical structure at the boundary of the centrosome.

Question 72

The only structural difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)is that the rough ER has ribosomes attached.

Question 73

One important function of integral membrane proteins is signal transduction or carrying messages across the cell membrane.

Question 74

Nuclear pore complexes regulate what can enter and leave the nucleus.

Question 75

Cytoplasm is another term for cytosol.

Question 76

Another name for the centrosome is the microtubule organizing center.

Question 77

Centrioles are made up of cylinders of nine bundles of microtubules with two tubules in each bundle.

Question 78

The ribosome is an example of a membranous organelle.

Question 79

When vesicles from the Golgi apparatus reach the cell membrane,the contents are secreted to outside the cell.