Deck 4: Physiology of Cells

Question 1

Glycolysis does not require oxygen and is therefore termed anaerobic.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The process of pinocytosis may be viewed as the cell drinking.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

For osmosis to occur,a selectively permeable membrane must be present.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Endocytosis and pinocytosis are both active transport processes because they require a carrier system such as a pump.

Question 5

Protein synthesis is an anabolic pathway for cells.

Question 6

A hypertonic solution has a higher amount of osmotic potential than any other type of solution.

Question 7

A 10% solution of NaCl has a higher concentration of water than a 10% solution of glucose.

Question 8

Active transport processes that use protein carrier molecules,or pumps,do not use cellular energy but rely instead on concentration gradients.

Question 9

A solution may be defined as various solutes dissolved in a solvent.

Question 10

The citric acid cycle and electron transport system are located in the Golgi apparatus.

Question 11

Dialysis is a form of filtration that results in a separation of small and large solute particles.

Question 12

Red blood cells placed in a hypertonic solution may be destroyed because the blood cells will lyse.

Question 13

A semipermeable membrane is needed for diffusion to occur.

Question 14

The physical movement of water and solutes through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists is called filtration.

Question 15

The active transport process involving pumps requires both a carrier system and cellular energy.

Question 16

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of a passive transport process.

Question 17

One of the advantages of active transport is that it can move materials up,or against,its concentration gradient.

Question 18

Facilitated diffusion is a metabolically inexpensive process.

Question 19

For osmosis to occur,there must be at least one impermeable solute present.

Question 20

Most enzymes cannot catalyze a reaction in both directions.

Question 21

Both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system occur in the mitochondria.

Question 22

The hydrolyzing enzyme sucrase joins two sucrose molecules together.

Question 23

The "lock-and-key model" is used to describe how mRNA and tRNA base pairs align.

Question 24

Protein anabolism is a rarely used cellular activity.

Question 25

Endocytosis can occur when molecules bind to membrane receptor proteins.

Question 26

An inorganic substance,such as an ion,is called a coenzyme when it is part of an enzyme.

Question 27

Most of the chemical energy released by the citric acid cycle is in the form of ATP.

Question 28

Diffusion is a characteristic of living things and will not occur in a nonliving system.

Question 29

Anaerobic respiration is about 17 times more efficient in producing ATP than is aerobic respiration.

Question 30

Facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion move substances in opposite directions.

Question 31

The measurement of potential osmotic pressure is easier to determine than actual osmotic pressure.

Question 32

The size of the molecule is an important factor in both dialysis and filtration.

Question 33

Lactic acid is the result of glycolysis and is the substance that enters the citric acid cycle.

Question 34

Cellular secretion can be achieved by endocytosis.

Question 35

The electron transport system makes ATP by the movement of electrons through the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 36

Diffusion is a form of filtration that results in the separation of small and large solute particles.

Question 37

A side effect of exocytosis is the addition of new membrane material to the cell membrane.

Question 38

For an enzyme to function,the coenzyme must fit into the enzyme's active site like a key fits into a lock.

Question 39

Because of the phospholipid cell membrane,water cannot diffuse into or out of the cell.

Question 40

The three processes that comprise cellular respiration are glycolysis,the citric acid cycle,and the proton transport system.

Question 41

Both temperature and pH change can affect the allosteric site of an enzyme.

Question 42

When molecules pass directly through the cell membrane,the process is called filtration.

Question 43

Proenzymes are unable to act as a catalyst in any type of chemical reaction.

Question 44

Phagocytosis and exocytosis are opposite processes.

Question 45

Gated membrane channels can be opened and closed only by chemical stimuli.

Question 46

One possible end product of glycolysis is lactic acid.

Question 47

Digestive enzymes belong to a group of enzymes called hydrases.

Question 48

An enzyme is a catalyst.

Question 49

Because a living cell membrane can limit the diffusion of some substances by opening and closing channels,the membrane can be called selectively permeable.

Question 50

Allosteric effectors activate or inactivate enzymes by changing the shape of the enzyme's active site.

Question 51

Glycolysis produces very little ATP,but produces several molecules of NADH and FADH₂.

Question 52

Coenzymes join enzymes to form proenzymes.

Question 53

If a blood cell was placed in a solution and the cell began to swell and take in water,the solution would be called hypotonic to the cell.

Question 54

An enzyme eliminates the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur.

Question 55

Special membrane channels called aquaporins assist the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.

Question 56

Oxygen is used in the citric acid cycle in cell respiration.

Question 57

All enzyme names end with the suffix "-ase."

Question 58

One explanation of the action associated with isotonic solutions is that they all have the same potential osmotic pressure.

Question 59

The "lock-and-key" model of enzyme function explains how the protein and substrate join.

Question 60

The energy storage molecules NADH and FADH₂ have their energy converted to ATP in the electron transport system.

Question 61

Diffusion requires:

A) a semipermeable membrane.
B) a concentration gradient.
C) ions.
D) none of the above.

Question 62

Which is true about the sodium and potassium pump?

A) Two sodium ions are taken into the cell.
B) Three sodium ions are taken out of the cell.
C) Three potassium ions are taken into the cell.
D) Two potassium ions are taken out of the cell.

Question 63

Which is not true about the sodium and potassium pump?

A) It uses cellular energy.
B) Sodium moves into the cell and potassium moves out of the cell.
C) A carrier system is used.
D) It can move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 64

Which of the following is not true of diffusion?

A) Uses cellular energy
B) Can occur in living and nonliving cells
C) May occur both into and out of the cell
D) Energy source is cellular

Question 65

The process of end-product inhibition in a metabolic pathway is an example of a positive feedback loop.

Question 66

To maintain homeostasis,the sodium-potassium pump moves equal amounts of sodium and potassium into and out of the cell.

Question 67

The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of:

A) dialysis.
B) osmosis.
C) diffusion.
D) filtration.

Question 68

A membrane carrier structure attracts a solute to a binding site,changes shape,and releases the solute on the other side of the cell membrane.This describes the process of:

A) endocytosis.
B) the sodium and potassium pump.
C) channel-mediated transport.
D) carrier-mediated transport.

Question 69

Activation energy is the amount of energy gained by the cell as a result of a catabolic pathway.

Question 70

The sodium-potassium pump in the cell membrane moves potassium into the cell and sodium out of the cell.

Question 71

The process of glycolysis does not occur in a specific organelle.

Question 72

A saline solution that contains a higher concentration of salt than a red blood cell would be:

A) isotonic.
B) hypotonic.
C) hypertonic.
D) hydrostatic.

Question 73

Phagocytosis can be translated to "cell eating."

Question 74

The enzyme that catalyzes the formation of sucrose is probably specific to that reaction.

Question 75

Diffusion of particles through a membrane by means of a carrier molecule is called:

A) pinocytosis.
B) osmosis.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) dialysis.

Question 76

The most important end product in cellular respiration is oxygen.

Question 77

Materials can be moved from a low concentration to a high concentration through:

A) facilitated diffusion.
B) filtration.
C) osmosis.
D) active transport.

Question 78

The vesicles used in exocytosis have broken off from the mitochondria and are pulled to the cell membrane by the cytoskeleton.

Question 79

The process of glycolysis produces two molecules of pyruvic acid for every one molecule of glucose.

Question 80

All of the following are examples of passive transport except:

A) filtration.
B) osmosis.
C) endocytosis.
D) dialysis.