Deck 8: B: Skeletal Tissues

Question 1

The most abundant type of cartilage is:

A) hyaline.
B) elastic.
C) fibrocartilage.
D) All of the above are present in approximately equal amounts.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Normally,bone loss will begin to exceed bone gain between the ages of _____ years.

A) 20 and 25
B) 25 and 30
C) 30 and 35
D) 35 and 40

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The major purpose of the epiphyseal plate is:

A) mending of fractures.
B) enlarging of epiphyses.
C) providing strength in long bones.
D) lengthening long bones.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following substances is not part of the inorganic matrix of bone?

A) Magnesium
B) Collagen
C) Sodium
D) Fluoride

Question 5

The cell organelles that synthesize organic matrix substances in bone formation are:

A) mitochondria and Golgi apparatus.
B) ribosomes and Golgi apparatus.
C) endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes.
D) endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.

Question 6

Hematopoiesis is carried out in the:

A) osteoclasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) yellow bone marrow.
D) red bone marrow.

Question 7

The primary ossification center of a long bone is located:

A) in the diaphysis.
B) in the epiphysis.
C) in the medullary cavity.
D) at the epiphyseal cartilage.

Question 8

Endosteum can be found:

A) lining the medullary cavity.
B) covering bones.
C) at articular surfaces.
D) lining the epiphysis.

Question 9

The organic matrix of bone consists of:

A) collagenous fibers.
B) protein.
C) polysaccharides.
D) all of the above.

Question 10

Muscle tendon fibers attach to bone by interlacing with:

A) compact bone.
B) ligaments.
C) periosteum.
D) endosteum.

Question 11

In bone formation,the cells that produce the organic matrix are the:

A) osteoblasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteoclasts.
D) chondrocytes.

Question 12

In bone growth,the medullary cavity is enlarged because of the activity of:

A) osteoclasts.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteoblasts.
D) chondrocytes.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the primary functions performed by bones?

A) Mineral storage
B) Protection
C) Hormonal production
D) Hematopoiesis

Question 14

The cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called:

A) osteocytes.
B) osteoclasts.
C) osteoblasts.
D) osteomorphytes.

Question 15

A fracture in the shaft of a bone is a break in the:

A) epiphysis.
B) periosteum.
C) diaphysis.
D) articular cartilage.

Question 16

The osteon,or haversian,system:

A) delivers nutrients to and removes waste products from bone cells.
B) produces yellow marrow.
C) resists stress.
D) erodes bone.

Question 17

The form of the external ear is composed of:

A) fibrocartilage.
B) elastic cartilage.
C) osseous tissue.
D) hyaline cartilage.

Question 18

In young children,vitamin A and protein deficiency will:

A) cause an increase in the thickness of epiphyseal plates in the growing long bones.
B) cause a decrease in the thickness of epiphyseal plates in the growing long bones.
C) produce the same alterations of the epiphyseal plate as does vitamin D deficiency.
D) have no effect on the epiphyseal plate but will cause an increase in bone marrow production.

Question 19

The first step in healing a fracture is:

A) the formation of specialized callus.
B) the formation of a fracture hematoma.
C) proper alignment of the fracture.
D) the formation of a collar of normal bone covering the broken ends.

Question 20

In intramembranous ossification,the process of appositional growth refers to the:

A) development of a core layer of spongy bone.
B) development of compact bone in long bones.
C) addition of an outside layer of osseous tissue on flat bones.
D) lengthening of long bone.

Question 21

The parathyroid hormone causes all of the following except:

A) increase of the absorption of calcium by the kidney.
B) stimulation of the activity of osteoblasts.
C) stimulation of the activity of osteoclasts.
D) stimulation of vitamin D synthesis.

Question 22

The scapula is an example of a(n)_____ bone.

A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular

Question 23

Which of the following is not dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood?

A) Blood clotting
B) Transmission of nerve impulses
C) Contraction of cardiac muscle
D) All of the above are dependent on the proper amount of calcium ions in the blood.

Question 24

As the activity of osteoblasts increases,the:

A) level of calcium in the blood increases.
B) amount of calcium in bone increases.
C) level of calcium in the blood decreases.
D) Both B and C occur.

Question 25

Lengthwise-running central canals are connected to each other by transverse-running:

A) haversian canals.
B) Volkmann canals.
C) canaliculi.
D) lacunae.

Question 26

Which of the following is not made of elastic cartilage?

A) External ear
B) Tip of the nose
C) Epiglottis
D) Eustachian tubes

Question 27

The tarsal bones are examples of _____ bones.

A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular

Question 28

The humerus is an example of a(n)_____ bone.

A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular

Question 29

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the epiphyses?

A) Made of spongy bone
B) Cylindrical in shape
C) Contain red bone marrow
D) All of the above are characteristics of the epiphyses.

Question 30

A vertebral bone is an example of a(n)_____ bone.

A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular

Question 31

Which type of bone consists only of compact bone?

A) Long
B) Short
C) Irregular
D) All types of bones are composed of both compact and spongy bone.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of bone but not of cartilage?

A) It is classified as a connective tissue.
B) It has collagen fibers in its matrix.
C) Canals link blood vessels and cells.
D) Cells lie in lacunae.

Question 33

Hydroxyapatite crystals constitute about how much of the total inorganic matrix?

A) 65%
B) 75%
C) 85%
D) 95%

Question 34

Sesamoid bones are classified as _____ bones.

A) long
B) short
C) irregular
D) flat

Question 35

What condition results in vitamin D deficiency in children?

A) Rickets
B) Osteomalacia
C) Osteoporosis
D) Both A and B

Question 36

Cancellous bone is another term for a(n)_____ bone.

A) irregular
B) spongy
C) short
D) compact

Question 37

The matrix of bone consists of:

A) mostly organic material with a lesser amount of inorganic salts.
B) almost equal amounts of organic material and inorganic salts.
C) mostly inorganic salts with a lesser amount of organic material.
D) greatly varying proportions of organic and inorganic material depending on the location and function of the bone.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the diaphysis?

A) Provides a bulbous shape for attachment of muscle
B) Hollow
C) Composed of compact bone
D) All of the above are characteristics of the diaphysis.

Question 39

Which of the following is not made of hyaline cartilage?

A) External ear
B) Cartilage rings in the trachea
C) Cartilage connecting the ribs and sternum
D) Cartilage in the tip of the nose

Question 40

As the activity of osteoclasts increases,the:

A) level of calcium in the blood increases.
B) amount of calcium in the bone increases.
C) level of calcium in the blood decreases.
D) Both B and C occur.

Question 41

Match each microscopic bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Lacunae
b.Central canal
c.Canaliculi
d.Trabeculae
e.Lamellae
f.Tr
cavities in which bone cells are found

Question 42

Match each microscopic bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Lacunae
b.Central canal
c.Canaliculi
d.Trabeculae
e.Lamellae
f.Tr
contains blood vessels in living bone

Question 43

The small spaces in the matrix that contain the bone cells are called:

A) lacunae.
B) canaliculi.
C) central canal.
D) lamellae.

Question 44

Match each bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Periosteum
b.Endosteum
c.Epiphyses
d.Diaphysis
e.Medullary cavity
f.Articular cartilage
thin membrane that lines a large cavity in long bones

Question 45

Match each bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Periosteum
b.Endosteum
c.Epiphyses
d.Diaphysis
e.Medullary cavity
f.Articular cartilage
tubelike hollow space in long bones

Question 46

Match each bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Periosteum
b.Endosteum
c.Epiphyses
d.Diaphysis
e.Medullary cavity
f.Articular cartilage
location of spongy bone in a long bone

Question 47

Match each microscopic bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Lacunae
b.Central canal
c.Canaliculi
d.Trabeculae
e.Lamellae
f.Tr
concentric rings of compact bone

Question 48

Which type of bone is found in a tendon?

A) Irregular bone
B) Long bones
C) Sesamoid bones
D) Short bones

Question 49

A person with a diet rich in calcium would probably have a:

A) low level of calcitonin.
B) low level of parathyroid hormone.
C) high level of calcitonin.
D) Both B and C are correct.

Question 50

As the amount of calcitonin in the blood increases,the amount of calcium:

A) in the blood increases.
B) released from the bone increases.
C) in the blood decreases.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 51

In the epiphyseal plate,the zone of hypertrophy is in the _____ layer.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 52

Match each microscopic bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Lacunae
b.Central canal
c.Canaliculi
d.Trabeculae
e.Lamellae
f.Tr
little canals that connect areas of bone cells

Question 53

The concentric,cylinder-shaped layers of calcified bone matrix are called:

A) lacunae.
B) canaliculi.
C) central canal.
D) lamellae.

Question 54

Bones act as a reservoir for which of the following minerals?

A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Phosphorous
D) Both A and B

Question 55

The small tubes in the osteon that bring nutrients,and oxygen to the osteocytes are called:

A) canaliculi.
B) lacunae.
C) lamellae.
D) diploë.

Question 56

In the epiphyseal plate,the proliferating zone is in the _____ layer.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 57

Match each bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Periosteum
b.Endosteum
c.Epiphyses
d.Diaphysis
e.Medullary cavity
f.Articular cartilage
central shaft of long bones

Question 58

Match each bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Periosteum
b.Endosteum
c.Epiphyses
d.Diaphysis
e.Medullary cavity
f.Articular cartilage
part of long bone to which tendons attach

Question 59

Match each bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Periosteum
b.Endosteum
c.Epiphyses
d.Diaphysis
e.Medullary cavity
f.Articular cartilage
covers joint surfaces

Question 60

Diploë can be found:

A) in the diaphysis of a compact bone.
B) in the middle of spongy bone.
C) in the epiphysis of compact bone.
D) connecting parallel osteons in spongy bone.

Question 61

Describe the two chemical components of the extracellular bone matrix.

Question 62

Explain all the ways parathyroid hormone helps to increase blood calcium levels.

Question 63

Describe the varying degrees of bone formation (ossification)and bone destruction (resorption)that occurs from childhood to adulthood.

Question 64

Where is the epiphyseal plate located? What is the function of the epiphyseal plate? Describe the layers that make up the epiphyseal plate.

Question 65

Dr.Haney,an orthopedic surgeon,called the admissions office of a hospital and advised that he would be admitting a patient with an epiphyseal fracture.Without any other information,the patient was assigned to the pediatric floor.What prompted this assignment?

Question 66

Compare and contrast osteoblasts,osteoclasts,and osteocytes.

Question 67

Match each bone type with its corresponding description.
a.Irregular bones
b.Flat bones
c.Sesamoid bones
d.Short bones
e.Long bones
generally broad and thin with a flattened or curved surface; ribs are an example

Question 68

Explain the steps in the healing of a bone fracture.

Question 69

Match each bone type with its corresponding description.
a.Irregular bones
b.Flat bones
c.Sesamoid bones
d.Short bones
e.Long bones
easily identified by their extended longitudinal axis; the femur is an example

Question 70

Name,describe,and give the location of the different types of cartilage found in the body.

Question 71

Match each microscopic bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Lacunae
b.Central canal
c.Canaliculi
d.Trabeculae
e.Lamellae
f.Tr
bone cells are found here in cancellous bone

Question 72

Name and describe the parts of the osteon.

Question 73

Name the types of bone found in the body and give an example of each type.

Question 74

Match each bone type with its corresponding description.
a.Irregular bones
b.Flat bones
c.Sesamoid bones
d.Short bones
e.Long bones
often described as cube-shaped or box-shaped

Question 75

Match each bone type with its corresponding description.
a.Irregular bones
b.Flat bones
c.Sesamoid bones
d.Short bones
e.Long bones
bones that are found in tendons; the patella is an example

Question 76

List the six structures of long bones that are visible to the naked eye.

Question 77

Emma,an elderly white woman,noticed that she was half an inch shorter than she was at her last doctor's visit.Her doctor suggested that she begin a regimen of dietary supplements of calcium and vitamin D.What bone disease did the doctor suspect? What would the prescribed treatment do for this condition?

Question 78

Name and describe the functions of bone.

Question 79

Match each microscopic bone structure with its corresponding description.
a.Lacunae
b.Central canal
c.Canaliculi
d.Trabeculae
e.Lamellae
f.Tr
canals that connect parallel central canals

Question 80

Match each bone type with its corresponding description.
a.Irregular bones
b.Flat bones
c.Sesamoid bones
d.Short bones
e.Long bones
often clustered in groups and come in various sizes and shapes; vertebrae are an example