Deck 37: B: Genetics and Heredity

Question 1

Gregor Mendel began the scientific study of genetics in the:

A) 1760s.
B) 1800s.
C) 1860s.
D) 1920s.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The sickle cell/malaria relationship demonstrates the concept in medical genetics that "disease" genes:

A) are always codominant.
B) are never dominant.
C) often provide some biological advantage for a human population in certain circumstances.
D) never provide a biological advantage for human populations.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Crossing over is the process during which:

A) similar gametes fuse together.
B) dissimilar gametes fuse together.
C) meiosis stops after meiosis I.
D) pairs of matching chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and exchange genes with one another.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A female can inherit an X-linked recessive trait if her father:

A) is dominant and her mother is heterozygous for the trait.
B) is dominant and her mother is homozygous for the trait.
C) exhibits the trait and her mother is homozygous for the trait.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 5

Red-green color blindness shows X-linked recessive inheritance.Assume "X" is normal,"X1" is recessive for the trait,and "Y" is normal.Then,an individual with the genotype "XX1" will be a:

A) normal female and a carrier.
B) color-blind male.
C) normal female and not a carrier.
D) normal male.

Question 6

Cystic fibrosis,caused by recessive genes in chromosome pair 7,results in the impairment of the:

A) chloride ion transport across cell membranes.
B) sodium-potassium pump.
C) calcium-storing capacity of the body.
D) oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is(are)true regarding Tay-Sachs disease?

A) Tay-Sachs disease results in the failure to make an essential lipid-processing enzyme.
B) This disease is most prevalent in Jewish populations.
C) This disease results in severe retardation and death by age 4.
D) All of the above are true regarding Tay-Sachs disease.

Question 8

A DNA molecule is a:

A) gene.
B) chromosome.
C) genome.
D) gamete.

Question 9

If "A" stands for the dominant gene that prevents albinism and "a" stands for the recessive albinism trait,then an individual with the genotype of "aa" will express:

A) albinism and will be a carrier.
B) albinism and will not be a carrier.
C) normal pigmentation and will be a carrier.
D) normal pigmentation and will not be a carrier.

Question 10

All of the following diseases demonstrate single-gene inheritance and are autosomal recessive except:

A) Tay-Sachs disease.
B) total albinism.
C) Huntington disease.
D) severe combined immune deficiency (SCID).

Question 11

An individual possessing the sex chromosome combination "XY" is genetically:

A) a male.
B) a female.
C) both.
D) neither.

Question 12

The principle of independent assortment states that:

A) each offspring from a single set of parents is very likely to be genetically unique.
B) genetic variation is likely to occur during reproduction.
C) after meiosis, each gamete produced is likely to have a different set of 23 chromosomes.
D) all of the above are true.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a true statement?

A) The gametes contain only 23 chromosomes.
B) A zygote has a haploid number of chromosomes.
C) The pair of sex chromosomes may not match.
D) The 22 pairs of autosomes always appear to be nearly identical to each other.

Question 14

Each DNA molecule may be called a:

A) chromatin strand.
B) chromosome.
C) gene.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 15

Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA):

A) is inherited as a result of both the sperm and the ovum.
B) has the potential for carrying mutations that produce disease.
C) is present only in lower forms of life.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 16

Assume that "A1" is the gene for light hair and that "A2" is the gene for dark hair.Also assume that these genes demonstrate codominance.Then,the heterozygous genotype "A1A2" will exhibit the phenotype of:

A) light hair.
B) dark hair.
C) hair color somewhere between light and dark.
D) red hair, because of the phenomenon of crossing over.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is not true of mitochondrial DNA?

A) The DNA is in the form of a circle.
B) The usual "stop" code in nuclear DNA codes for an amino acid in mitochondrial DNA.
C) The mitochondrial DNA in the zygote comes only from the mother.
D) All of the above statements are true of mitochondrial DNA.

Question 18

A group of symptoms called Down syndrome results from trisomy:

A) 15.
B) 19.
C) 21.
D) 23.

Question 19

The condition called trisomy results from a(n):

A) mistake in mitosis called nondisjunction.
B) mistake in meiosis called nondisjunction.
C) abnormality in a single gene.
D) genetic predisposition.

Question 20

If an individual has only an X chromosome ("XO"),then that person is genetically:

A) male.
B) female.
C) neither male nor female.
D) The condition of "XO" can never occur.

Question 21

The hypothesis regarding tumor suppressor genes states that these genes:

A) can transform a cell into a cancer cell only when certain environmental conditions occur.
B) regulate cell division so that it proceeds normally.
C) govern the cell's ability to repair damaged DNA.
D) Both A and C are correct.

Question 22

An ordered arrangement of photographs of chromosomes from a single cell is called a:

A) genome.
B) karyotype.
C) Punnett square.
D) pedigree.

Question 23

"A" is the dominant allele for normal skin color; "a" is recessive for albinism.If a couple were "AA" and "Aa," which of the following statements is not true?

A) Both parents have the same phenotype.
B) Both parents have the same genotype.
C) They could not have a child with albinism.
D) All of the above are true statements.

Question 24

Which of the following is(are)not (a)mutagen(s)?

A) Radiation
B) Viruses
C) Chemicals
D) All of the above are mutagens.

Question 25

Carriers of Tay-Sachs disease have a higher resistance to:

A) malaria.
B) tuberculosis.
C) cholera.
D) the toxic effects of mold growing on grain.

Question 26

The syndrome that results from the genotype "XXY" is:

A) Turner.
B) Klinefelter.
C) Down.
D) Parkinson.

Question 27

Assume that "A" is dominant for normal skin color and "a" is recessive for albinism.The parents with which of the following genotypes could have a child with albinism?

A) AA x AA
B) Aa x AA
C) AA x aa
D) Aa x Aa

Question 28

In the therapy called gene augmentation:

A) genes that specify production of abnormal, disease-causing proteins are replaced by normal, or "therapeutic," genes.
B) hormones are used to treat the genetic disease.
C) diet is used to alleviate the symptoms of the genetic disease.
D) genetically altered cells are added to the body.

Question 29

A chart that illustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations is called a:

A) Punnett square.
B) pedigree.
C) genetic grid.
D) karyotype.

Question 30

Which of the following processes does not aid in increasing the genetic variability of offspring?

A) Independent assortment
B) Gene linkage
C) Crossing over
D) All of the above aid in increasing the genetic variation of offspring.

Question 31

The shorter segment of a chromosome is called the:

A) centromere.
B) s-arm.
C) p-arm.
D) q-arm.

Question 32

Phenylketonuria (PKU),caused by recessive genes in chromosome pair 12,is a condition characterized by:

A) impairment of chloride ion transport across all membranes.
B) failure to produce an enzyme needed to generate the amino acid tyrosine.
C) impairment of the blood's capacity to store oxygen.
D) impairment of the body's capacity to store calcium.

Question 33

Genes determine the structure and function of the body by regulating the body's production of:

A) carbohydrates.
B) lipids.
C) enzymes.
D) all of the above.

Question 34

The parents with which of the following genotypes could not have a child with albinism?

A) AA x aa
B) Aa x Aa
C) Aa x aa
D) Both B and C

Question 35

In human blood type,types A and B are codominant,producing type AB.They are both dominant to the recessive O type.Which of the following parental genotypes could produce a child with type O blood?

A) AB x AO
B) AO x BO
C) AO x BB
D) None of the above genotypes can produce a type O offspring.

Question 36

A karyotype would not be helpful in determining:

A) whether an individual has Down syndrome.
B) whether an individual has Turner syndrome.
C) whether an individual has PKU.
D) the sex of the offspring.

Question 37

About which percentage of the cell's DNA carry functional genes?

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Question 38

Which of the following conditions does not occur as a result of nondisjunction?

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Down syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) Klinefelter syndrome

Question 39

Carriers of cystic fibrosis are thought to be protected from:

A) malaria.
B) tuberculosis.
C) cholera.
D) the toxic effects of mold growing on grain.

Question 40

When one or more DNA nucleotides are missing in a gene,it can be called a(n):

A) deletion.
B) insertion.
C) mutation.
D) Both A and C are correct.

Question 41

The genetic code is transmitted to offspring in discrete,independent units that are called:

A) chromosomes.
B) genes.
C) gametes.
D) nucleosomes.

Question 42

If a man had Leber hereditary optic neuropathy,a mitochondrial DNA-carried disease,what is the probability of him passing the trait on to his offspring?

A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 0%
D) There is not enough information to determine the probability.

Question 43

Which of the following diseases is not a single-gene recessive trait?

A) Huntington disease
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) PKU
D) All of the above are single-gene recessive traits.

Question 44

Diet soda containing NutraSweet should not be given to people with:

A) Tay-Sachs disease.
B) phenylketonuria.
C) osteogenesis imperfecta.
D) Diet soda would have no effect on any of the above conditions.

Question 45

Coding portions of DNA tend to lie in clusters rich in which two nucleotides?

A) Thymine and cytosine
B) Cytosine and guanine
C) Cytosine and adenine
D) Thymine and adenine

Question 46

If a karyotype found an X chromosome,a Y chromosome,and three 21st chromosomes,it would indicate a _____ syndrome.

A) female with Down
B) female with Turner
C) male with Klinefelter
D) male with Down

Question 47

The products of meiosis are:

A) gametes.
B) haploid cells.
C) made only of autosomes.
D) both A and B.

Question 48

In a pedigree,a half-shaded circle indicates a:

A) female that is a carrier for a trait.
B) male that is a carrier for a trait.
C) female with the trait.
D) male with the trait.

Question 49

The chromosome that has the fewest genes contains only 200 genes and is called:

A) chromosome 1.
B) chromosome 7.
C) Y chromosome.
D) X chromosome.

Question 50

The human genome contains about _____ genes.

A) 200,000 to 300,000
B) 150,000 to 250,000
C) 75,000 to 100,000
D) 20,000 to 25,000

Question 51

Which of the following diseases is not a single-gene dominant trait?

A) Huntington disease
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Osteogenesis imperfecta
D) All of the above are single-gene dominant traits.

Question 52

In human blood type,A and B are codominant,producing type AB.They are both dominant to the recessive O type.If parents had genotypes AO and BO,a child with which blood type could be theirs?

A) A child with type A blood
B) A child with type B blood
C) A child with type O blood
D) All of the above children could be theirs.

Question 53

Chromosome 1 contains the most number of genes,nearly:

A) 3000.
B) 2000.
C) 1000.
D) 5000.

Question 54

The subunits of chromatin wound around a histone protein is called a:

A) gene.
B) chromosome.
C) nucleosome.
D) nucleotide.

Question 55

Color blindness is a sex-linked trait.Which of the following parental genotypes could produce a color-blind female? (X' indicates the color-blind trait.)

A) X'X x XY
B) XX x X'Y
C) X'X x X'Y
D) X'X' x XY

Question 56

If a pedigree tracing the albinism trait showed a square that was filled in,it would indicate a:

A) female had albinism.
B) male had albinism.
C) female had normal skin color.
D) male was a carrier for albinism.

Question 57

Which of the following is not a type of RNA?

A) Mitochondrial RNA
B) Ribosomal RNA
C) Transfer RNA
D) All of the above are types of RNA.

Question 58

Which of the following diseases is carried by mitochondrial DNA?

A) Retinitis pigmentosa
B) Severe combined immune deficiency
C) Ocular albinism
D) None of the above diseases is carried by mitochondrial DNA.

Question 59

The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called:

A) diploid.
B) haploid.
C) nucleosomes.
D) genome.

Question 60

Which is a simple cartoon of a chromosome used to show the overall physical structure of a chromosome?

A) Genome
B) Transcriptome
C) Ideogram
D) Karyotype

Question 61

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
grid used in genetic counseling to determine probability of inheriting genetic traits

Question 62

Match each condition with its corresponding statement or definition.
a.Down syndrome
b.Huntington disease
c.Klinefelter syndrome deficiency
d.Multiple neurofibromatosis
e.Parkinson disease
f.Retinitis pigmentosa
g.Severe combined immune deficiency
h.Tay-Sachs disease
condition in which abnormal lipids accumulate in the brain and cause tissue damage leading to death by age 4

Question 63

Match each condition with its corresponding statement or definition.
a.Down syndrome
b.Huntington disease
c.Klinefelter syndrome deficiency
d.Multiple neurofibromatosis
e.Parkinson disease
f.Retinitis pigmentosa
g.Severe combined immune deficiency
h.Tay-Sachs disease
degenerative brain disorder characterized by chorea,progressing to severe dementia and death generally by age 55

Question 64

Match each condition with its corresponding statement or definition.
a.Down syndrome
b.Huntington disease
c.Klinefelter syndrome deficiency
d.Multiple neurofibromatosis
e.Parkinson disease
f.Retinitis pigmentosa
g.Severe combined immune deficiency
h.Tay-Sachs disease
nervous disorder characterized by involuntary trembling and muscle rigidity

Question 65

Match each condition with its corresponding statement or definition.
a.Down syndrome
b.Huntington disease
c.Klinefelter syndrome deficiency
d.Multiple neurofibromatosis
e.Parkinson disease
f.Retinitis pigmentosa
g.Severe combined immune deficiency
h.Tay-Sachs disease
lymphocytes fail to develop properly

Question 66

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
triplet of autosomes resulting from a mistake in meiosis

Question 67

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
ordered arrangement of photographs of chromosomes from a single cell; used in genetic counseling to identify chromosomal disorders

Question 68

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
nonsexual trait carried on sex chromosomes

Question 69

Match each condition with its corresponding statement or definition.
a.Down syndrome
b.Huntington disease
c.Klinefelter syndrome deficiency
d.Multiple neurofibromatosis
e.Parkinson disease
f.Retinitis pigmentosa
g.Severe combined immune deficiency
h.Tay-Sachs disease
caused by the presence of two or more X chromosomes in a male

Question 70

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
one of 44 chromosomes in the human genome besides the two sex chromosomes

Question 71

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
the scientific study of inheritance

Question 72

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
genotype with two different genes for one trait

Question 73

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
pair of chromosomes in the human genome that determine sex

Question 74

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
genes that have effects that always appear in the offspring

Question 75

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
genes that have effects that do not appear in the offspring when they are masked by a dominant gene

Question 76

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
presence of only one autosome of a pair

Question 77

Match each condition with its corresponding statement or definition.
a.Down syndrome
b.Huntington disease
c.Klinefelter syndrome deficiency
d.Multiple neurofibromatosis
e.Parkinson disease
f.Retinitis pigmentosa
g.Severe combined immune deficiency
h.Tay-Sachs disease
condition characterized by mental retardation and multiple defects,caused by trisomy 21

Question 78

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
entire set of chromosomes in a cell

Question 79

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
type of dominance in which two dominant versions of a trait are both expressed in the same person

Question 80

Match each of the terms with its corresponding definition.
a.Recessive
b.Codominance
c.Monosomy
d.Autosome
e.Karyotype
f.Sex-linked trait
g.Dominant
h.Trisomy
i.Punnett square
j.Genome
K.Sex chromosome
L.Heterozygous
m.
Homozygous
n.
Genetics
genotype with two identical genes for a single trait