Deck 16: Nutrition in Infancy

Question 1

For a breast-fed infant, which nutrient(s) should be the earliest to be supplemented?

A)Fluoride and vitamin D
B)Iron and magnesium
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin K

Answer 1

D
Most states require that infants receive a vitamin K injection soon after birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.This is more common among breast-fed infants than formula-fed infants because the vitamin K content is not adequate during the first week.Fluoride and iron supplementation is recommended after 6 months of age.Vitamin D supplementation is recommended daily but may be accommodated by providing the infant with adequate sun exposure.

Question 2

When should the introduction of semisolid and strained foods to the infant's diet begin?

A)6 to 8 weeks
B)2 to 4 months
C)4 to 6 months
D)6 to 8 months

Answer 2

C
Introduction of semisolid foods depends on both the infant's developmental readiness and his or her nutrient needs.To maintain iron nutriture, additional sources of iron need to be introduced into the diet by 4 to 6 months of age.However, to be able to feed an infant foods other than formula, the infant needs to be able to demonstrate head and neck control, voluntary movements of the tongue, chewing movements, and the ability to sit unsupported.

Question 3

When should the addition of iron to the diet of both formula-fed and breast-fed infants begin?

A)6 weeks
B)4 to 6 months
C)6 to 9 months
D)1 year

Answer 3

B
The iron stores in infants are adequate enough to provide for growth up to double their birth weight, which, in most cases, comes around 4 to 6 months.Although the iron in breastmilk is highly bioavailable, continuing to only breastfeed an infant past 4 to 6 months of age will lead to depletion of the infant's iron stores by 6 to 9 months.To prevent this depletion, additional sources of iron are needed in the infant's diet.

Question 4

What is the recommendation for vitamin supplementation of infants fed commercially prepared formula?

A)It is rarely needed.
B)Supplement only vitamins.
C)Only water-soluble vitamins should be supplemented.
D)Only fat-soluble vitamins should be supplemented.

Question 5

To meet the fluoride needs of a breast-fed infant, what should parents be instructed to do?

A)Begin giving fluoride supplements immediately after birth.
B)Supplement the mother's diet with fluoride.
C)Begin giving fluoridated water when the baby's teeth erupt.
D)When the infant starts eating solid foods, the foods will provide enough fluoride.

Question 6

When plotting an infant's weight or length on a percentile growth chart, a curve is produced that can be used to follow the infant's growth.What is this curve called?

A)Growth velocity
B)Growth channel
C)Catch-up growth
D)Lag-down growth

Question 7

Which of the following describes the growth expectations for most infants?

A)The birth weight is usually regained by the end of the first month.
B)Infants triple their birth weight by 6 months of age.
C)Infants double their birth weight by 4 to 6 months of age.
D)Infants triple their length by 3 years of age.

Question 8

Why should whole cow's milk NOT be given to infants younger than 1 year of age?

A)It decreases the renal solute load.
B)It can lead to obesity in toddlers.
C)It lacks the anti-infective quality of formulas.
D)It is associated with lower intakes of iron and linoleic acid.

Question 9

Which vitamin is NOT adequately provided by breastmilk?

A)Vitamin C
B)Niacin
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin A

Question 10

What should the caregiver avoid feeding an infant to reduce the risk of choking?

A)Cheese and pudding
B)Grapes and hot dogs
C)Graham crackers and cheese
D)Pasta, such as macaroni

Question 11

Compared with later stages of the life cycle, which of the following describes the infant's protein requirement?

A)It is lower on a per-kilogram basis than that of the older child.
B)It is lower on a per-kilogram basis than that of an adult.
C)It is higher on a per-kilogram basis than that of an adult.
D)It is the same on a per-kilogram basis as that of an adult.

Question 12

Which feeding practice will avoid the development of tooth decay in infants?

A)Give the infant a bottle with fruit juice at bedtime.
B)Give the infant a bottle with milk at bedtime.
C)Put the infant to bed without a bottle.
D)Give the infant a bottle at bedtime only when he or she appears fussy.

Question 13

Why should honey NOT be used in home-prepared formulas for infants?

A)The added sweetener will cause the infant to crave sweets.
B)The sugars present cannot be digested by the infant.
C)The honey will settle out in the formula and cause a curdled appearance.
D)The infant has no immunity to the botulism spore that may be present.

Question 14

Compared with formula-fed infants, why do breast-fed infants experience a reduced incidence of infections?

A)Human milk is higher in fat.
B)Human milk has anti-infective factors.
C)Commercial infant formula is higher in iron.
D)Commercial infant formula is higher in fat.

Question 15

What is the appropriate serving size for foods offered to a small child?

A)1 tsp for each year of age
B)1 Tbsp for each year of age
C)1/2 cup of each food served
D)1 cup total food per meal

Question 16

How many kilocalories are provided by 6 fl oz of breastmilk or standard infant formula?

A)60 kcal
B)120 kcal
C)180 kcal
D)300 kcal

Question 17

What would be a behavior demonstrated by a 7- to 9-month-old to indicate that she is sated and finished eating?

A)She falls asleep.
B)She pays more attention to her surroundings.
C)She plays with or throws her utensils.
D)She hands her cup or bottle to her mother.

Question 18

Why are infants particularly susceptible to developing dehydration?

A)Their mass-to-surface ratio is low.
B)Their insulation is poor, resulting in increased water loss.
C)Their renal concentrating ability is less than that of older children.
D)The increased liquidity of their stools results in greater fluid loss.

Question 19

What are the recommended guidelines regarding the use of low-fat and nonfat milk for infants?

A)These are appropriate for overweight infants during the first year.
B)These are appropriate for any infant during the first year.
C)These are inappropriate for infants during the first year.
D)These are inappropriate for infants during the first 3 months of life.

Question 20

For how long do both the American Academy of Pediatricians and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommend exclusive breastfeeding of infants?

A)For 3 months
B)For 6 months
C)For the first year
D)Up until the age of 2 years