Deck 20: Nutrition in Aging

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four syndromes known to be predictive of adverse outcomes in older adults?

A)Depression
B)Diabetes
C)Cognitive impairment
D)Malnutrition

Answer 1

B
The four syndromes known to be predictive of adverse outcomes in older adults that are prevalent in patients with frailty (known as failure to thrive) include impaired physical functioning, malnutrition, depression, and cognitive impairment.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of The Dining Practice Standards?

A)Are guidelines for long-term care dining
B)Recommend against canned nutrition supplements
C)They encourage strict dietary control for diabetes and heart disease
D)They are endorsed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid

Answer 2

C
The Dining Practice Standards were developed by a multidisciplinary group who wanted to improve the dining experience and nutritional care for elders living in long-term care.They were endorsed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid.The standards promote person-centered care, liberalized diets, and food first with less reliance on canned supplements.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about elderly adults is FALSE?

A)Among the oldest old, there are more women than men.
B)More elderly men than women are married.
C)Most elderly live in nursing homes.
D)The life expectancy of older adults is greater than it was 100 years ago.

Answer 3

C
Most of today's elderly adults (95%) live someplace other than a nursing home.Women tend to outlive men, so there are more women alive than men at ages 85 years and older.Because of this, there are more women available for men to marry.In 1900, the life expectancy was into the 40s.Now life expectancy is 77 years.

Question 4

A 70-kg man with a Stage 4 pressure ulcer needs ___________ g/day of protein and __________ kcal/day.

A)84; 2100
B)70; 2800
C)105; 2450
D)140; 2100

Question 5

A supercentenarian is

A)a woman who is currently 65 years of age who is expected to live to be 100 years old.
B)someone born today who can expect to live to be 100 years old or older.
C)someone who is 100 years old or older with no disease.
D)someone older than 110 years.

Question 6

Which changes are associated with the normal process of aging?

A)Loss of lean body mass, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased function
B)Loss of lean body mass, increased metabolic rate, and increased physical activity
C)Increased lean body mass, increased metabolic rate, and increased physical activity
D)Increased muscle strength and function

Question 7

Home-delivered meals provided for under the Older Americans Act nutrition program are administered by what agency?

A)USDA
B)USDHHS
C)ALF
D)CMS

Question 8

Increased intake of which nutrient may be required in a patient who has pressure ulcers?

A)Water
B)Vitamin B12
C)Protein
D)Potassium

Question 9

Presbycusis is

A)inability to swallow.
B)loss of sense of taste.
C)hearing loss.
D)lack of dentition.

Question 10

Why does constipation occur in elderly adults?

A)Increased motility in the small intestine
B)Decreased motility in the small intestine
C)Increased motility in the large intestine
D)Decreased motility in the large intestine

Question 11

The Omnibus Reconciliation Act (OBRA)

A)is aimed at assisted living facilities.
B)pays for dietitian consults for those older than 65 years of age.
C)is reform legislation aimed at improving skilled nursing care.
D)is reform legislation aimed at congregate meal sites.

Question 12

In Medicare benefits, for which of the following are MNT services NOT included?

A)Preventive services
B)Cancer
C)Diabetes
D)Preend-stage kidney disease

Question 13

Which of the following theories of aging is a predetermination theory?

A)Genetic theory
B)Wear and tear theory
C)Free radical theory
D)Somatic mutation theory

Question 14

The 2010 health care reform legislation expands Medicare to include

A)an annual wellness visit.
B)education and counseling.
C)expanded coverage for reimbursement for dietitians.
D)all of the above.

Question 15

Which of the following can result from atrophic gastritis associated with aging?

A)Decreased calcium and nonheme iron absorption
B)Diminished absorption of vitamin B12
C)Decreased absorption of carbohydrates
D)Increased intestinal transit time

Question 16

What is dysgeusia?

A)Diminished sense of smell
B)Loss of sense of taste
C)Dry mouth from decreased salivation
D)Result of hypochlorhydria

Question 17

How would a pressure ulcer be classified if it involves a partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis, presenting as an abrasion or shallow crater?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4

Question 18

Which of the following theories of aging is an accumulated damage theory?

A)Rate of living theory
B)Pacemaker theory
C)Immune system theory
D)Cross-link theory

Question 19

Nutrition screening using the BMI as an indicator

A)is the best indicator for those 85 years of age and older.
B)may not be accurate because of body composition changes in elderly adults.
C)is better than using mid-arm muscle circumference.
D)is not part of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).