Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin,except that it

A)decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
B)is usually some shade of brown or black.
C)protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation.
D)is produced from the amino acid tyrosine.
E)is produced by cells called melanocytes.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

A)carotene and xanthophyll.
B)carotene and melanin.
C)melanin and chlorophyll.
D)xanthophyll and melanin.
E)melanin and chromatin.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is termed ________ perspiration.

A)sensible
B)insensible
C)latent
D)active
E)inactive

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum germinativum.
C)papillary layer.
D)basal lamina.
E)stratum granulosum.

Question 5

The epidermis of the skin is composed of which type of tissue?

A)keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
B)simple squamous epithelium
C)transitional epithelium
D)areolar connective tissue
E)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

While walking barefoot on the beach,Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis.How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 7

Water loss from insensible perspiration

A)is negligible.
B)is too small to be measured reliably.
C)is approximately 0.5 liters a day.
D)always exceeds sensible perspiration.
E)depends on apocrine sweat glands.

Question 8

The protein that reduces water loss at the skin surface is

A)eleidin.
B)collagen.
C)mucin.
D)keratin.
E)melanin.

Question 9

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system,except

A)protection of underlying tissue.
B)excretion of salts and wastes.
C)maintenance of body temperature.
D)synthesis of vitamin C.
E)provision of sensation.

Question 10

Thin skin contains ________ layer(s)of keratinocytes,and thick skin contains ________ layers.

A)1; 2
B)2; 3
C)3; 4
D)4; 5
E)5; 6

Question 11

The tough "horny" superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum lucidum.
C)stratum germinativum.
D)stratum granulosum.
E)stratum spinosum.

Question 12

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

A)Dendritic cells
B)Basal cells
C)Merkel cells
D)Squamous cells
E)Melanocytes

Question 13

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

A)melanin.
B)keratin.
C)carotene.
D)perspiration.
E)eleidin.

Question 14

Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum lucidum.
C)stratum germinativum.
D)stratum granulosum.
E)stratum spinosum.

Question 15

Characteristics of the epidermis include:

A)multilayered
B)flexible
C)contains desmosomes
D)serves as UV radiation protection
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges,except that they

A)extend into the dermis.
B)contain increased numbers of free nerve endings.
C)cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin.
D)produce patterns that are determined genetically.
E)interconnect with the dermal papillae.

Question 17

The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the

A)dermis.
B)subcutaneous layer.
C)epidermis.
D)stratum corneum.
E)sebum layer.

Question 18

The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are

A)adipocytes.
B)keratinocytes.
C)fibroblasts.
D)melanocytes.
E)dendritic cells.

Question 19

The two components of the integumentary system are the

A)epidermis and dermis.
B)cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.
C)cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
D)integument and hypodermis.
E)epidermis and superficial fascia.

Question 20

The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes is the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum lucidum.
C)stratum germinativum.
D)stratum granulosum.
E)stratum spinosum.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about rickets is not true?

A)is usually genetic
B)leads to weak bones
C)leads to skeletal deformity
D)prevented by vitamin D
E)prevented by sunlight

Question 22

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
From what structure does sensible perspiration occur?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)9
E)10

Question 23

Jaundice is indicated by

A)a reddish skin coloration.
B)a yellowish skin coloration.
C)an orange skin coloration.
D)a bluish skin coloration.
E)a brown skin coloration.

Question 24

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which layer contains most of the accessory structures?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 25

Types of skin cancers include

A)squamous cell carcinoma.
B)malignant melanoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)actinic keratosis.
E)A,B,and C

Question 26

While assessing a patient,you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand,it remains peaked.This is a sign of

A)hydration intoxication.
B)water intoxication.
C)dehydration.
D)advanced skin cancer.
E)malfunctioning elastin.

Question 27

Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation?

A)increased activity by melanocytes
B)production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells
C)wrinkles
D)chromosomal damage in germinative cells or melanocytes
E)vitiligo

Question 28

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 29

Cyanosis signifies that a patient

A)has had too much sun.
B)has been kept out of the sun.
C)has an allergic reaction.
D)has oxygen-starved skin.
E)has been exposed to cyanide.

Question 30

Children in northern regions experience months of inadequate sunlight exposure on the skin. To prevent possible abnormal bone development,what essential organic nutrient is necessary in the diet?

A)vitamin C
B)calcium
C)cholecalciferol
D)protein
E)melanin

Question 31

Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed

A)papillitis.
B)dermatitis.
C)epidermatitis.
D)superficialis.
E)melanocytis.

Question 32

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer.

A)papillary
B)reticular
C)epidermal
D)subcutaneous
E)hypodermal

Question 33

An important vitamin that is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight is

A)vitamin A.
B)vitamin B.
C)vitamin C.
D)vitamin D.
E)vitamin E.

Question 34

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage

A)closes and heals with relatively little scarring.
B)has a tendency to reopen.
C)heals slower than incisions made perpendicular to the lines of cleavage.
D)does not affect the healing process.
E)requires no sutures.

Question 35

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

A)papillary
B)reticular
C)epidermal
D)subcutaneous
E)hypodermal

Question 36

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

A)collagen.
B)melanin.
C)keratin.
D)elastin.
E)carotene.

Question 37

The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.

A)sebum
B)hemoglobin
C)melanin
D)carotene
E)keratin

Question 38

Epidermal growth factor exerts which of these effects on the epidermis?

A)promotes cell division
B)stimulates keratin synthesis
C)accelerates tissue repair
D)speeds up glandular function
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight)causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of

A)hemoglobin.
B) carotene.
C) collagen.
D) keratin.
E) melanin.

Question 40

Stretch marks occur when

A)the skin is stretched in normal movements.
B)surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin's lines of cleavage.
C)the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.
D)athletes overextend a muscle.
E)the hair follicles cease to produce hairs.

Question 41

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A)"goose bumps" are formed.
B)hairs are shed.
C)sweat is released from sweat glands.
D)shivering occurs.
E)the skin changes color.

Question 42

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found

A)in the axillae.
B)on the chest.
C)on the palms of the hands.
D)on the upper back.
E)surrounding the genitals.

Question 43

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"?

A)stratified squamous epithelium
B)areolar connective tissue
C)adipose tissue
D)cartilage and blood
E)reticular connective tissues

Question 44

Each of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is true,except one.Identify the exception.

A)Most sebaceous glands are coiled tubular glands.
B)Most sebaceous glands open into hair follicles.
C)Sebum functions to lubricate the hair and skin.
D)Sebum can function as an antibiotic.
E)Acne involves inflammation of sebaceous glands.

Question 45

The layer of hard keratin that coats the hair is termed the

A)medulla.
B)cuticle.
C)hair bulb.
D)root.
E)shaft.

Question 46

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
An intradermal injection is administered into which layer?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 47

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

A)the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus.
B)the color of the hair will become lighter.
C)the texture of the hair will become coarser.
D)the hair matrix will lose its blood supply.
E)hair production will not be affected.

Question 48

Which statement about hairs is false?

A)Eyebrows are terminal hairs.
B)Terminal hairs are in the axilla.
C)Vellus hairs are on the limbs of children until puberty.
D)A terminal hair can detach but remain in the hair follicle as a club hair.
E)Club hairs are ingrown hairs.

Question 49

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)mammary

Question 50

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

A)keratinocytes.
B)melanocytes.
C)dermal papillae.
D)soft keratin.
E)carotene cells.

Question 51

Earwax is produced by ________ glands.

A)sebaceous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)ceruminous
E)eccrine sweat

Question 52

A common cause of dandruff is

A)inflammation around sebaceous glands.
B)lack of sebaceous glands.
C)too many sebaceous glands.
D)inactive apocrine glands.
E)inactive eccrine glands.

Question 53

The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)axillary

Question 54

All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer,except it

A)contains many blood vessels.
B)permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C)contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D)is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E)is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin.

Question 55

Lanugo is found

A)on a fetus.
B)on the scalp.
C)on the palms of the hands.
D)on the soles of the feet.
E)on the palms of the hands and on the soles of the feet.

Question 56

Merocrine sweat contains ________ to protect against bacteria.

A)metabolic wastes
B)water
C)penicillin
D)dermicidin
E)organic nutrients

Question 57

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following,except

A)hair follicles.
B)sebaceous glands.
C)sweat glands.
D)epidermis.
E)nails.

Question 58

Each of the following statements concerning hair is true,except one.Identify the exception.

A)The medulla is the soft core of the hair.
B)The cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin.
C)Terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair.
D)Club hair is hair that has ceased growing.
E)Scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.

Question 59

________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface,________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist,and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

A)Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
B)Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C)Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
D)Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous
E)Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine

Question 60

Sensible perspiration is produced by ________ glands.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)mammary

Question 61

Wrinkles in elderly individuals are the result of

A)increased production of epidermis.
B)loss of elastic filaments in the reticular layer of the dermis.
C)increased keratinization of the epidermis.
D)the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin.
E)decreased thickness of the dermis.

Question 62

The effects of aging on the skin include

A)a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
B)increased production of vitamin D.
C)thickening of the epidermis.
D)an increased blood supply to the dermis.
E)an increased number of sweat glands.

Question 63

The nail body covers the

A)nail root.
B)nail bed.
C)lunula.
D)free edge.
E)hyponychium.

Question 64

The cuticle around a nail is the

A)eponychium.
B)hyponychium.
C)free edge.
D)perinychium.
E)lunula.

Question 65

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

A)the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels.
B)stem cells persist in both epithelial and connective-tissue components of the skin even after injury.
C)fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis.
D)contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together.
E)cells of the stratum germinativum cannot migrate to other positions in the skin.

Question 66

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a

A)first-degree burn.
B)second-degree burn.
C)third-degree burn.
D)partial-thickness burn.
E)epidermal burn.

Question 67

Treatment of full-thickness burns includes which of the following?

A)replacing fluids
B)increasing caloric intake
C)preventing infection
D)assisting tissue repair
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 68

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands,except that it

A)is more than 99 percent water.
B)contains electrolytes and waste products.
C)helps cool the body when it evaporates.
D)helps to prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin.
E)produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

Question 69

In a penetrating wound,________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.

A)granulation cells
B)dendritic cells
C)macrophages
D)fibroblasts
E)muscle cells

Question 70

During repair of the integument,fibroblasts follow areas of new capillary growth and produce ________ tissue.

A)scar
B)epithelial
C)granulation
D)pus
E)keloid

Question 71

Nail production occurs at the nail

A)body.
B)bed.
C)root.
D)cuticle.
E)hyponychium.

Question 72

If a fair-skinned person is sunburned,why does his or her skin turn red?

A)The blood flow to the skin increases.
B)The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases.
C)Melanocytes increase production of red pigments.
D)The blood supply to the skin decreases.
E)Increased heat causes the skin to turn red.

Question 73

Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?

A)Circulation in the skin decreases.
B)Sweat gland activity decreases.
C)Evaporative cooling stops.
D)Blood flow to the skin increases.
E)The activity of melanocytes increases.

Question 74

Merocrine sweat glands

A)are compound alveolar glands.
B)produce organic secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce body odor.
C)secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.
D)increase in number and activity with aging.
E)primarily function in lubricating the hairs.

Question 75

A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n)

A)abrasion.
B)laceration.
C)puncture.
D)incision.
E)contusion.

Question 76

The stratum corneum just under the free-edge of a nail is the

A)hyponychium.
B)lunula.
C)eponychium.
D)nail root.
E)cuticle.

Question 77

Charlie is badly burned in an accident.When he reaches the emergency room,the examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps.Charlie is suffering from a(n)

A)first-degree burn.
B)second-degree burn.
C)third-degree burn.
D)partial-thickness burn.
E)epidermal burn.

Question 78

The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury. 1. blood clot/scab formation
2) cellular migration
3) epidermis covers granulation tissue
4) epidermis covers scar tissue
The correct order for these events is:

A)1,2,3,4
B)4,3,2,1
C)4,3,1,2
D)3,4,1,2
E)2,4,1,3

Question 79

Scar tissue is the result of

A)large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
B)increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
C)a thickened stratum germinativum in the area of the injury.
D)increased numbers of fibroblasts in the injured area.
E)a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area.

Question 80

A full-thickness burn injury can be life threatening.A physician treating a burn victim would likely order all of the following,except

A)IV (intravenous)fluids and electrolytes.
B)ice packs applied to the burn area.
C)a high-calorie diet.
D)skin grafts.
E)antibiotics.