Deck 15: Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

Question 1

In order for a sensation to become a perception,

A)it must received by the somatosensory cortex.
B)the individual must vocalize about it.
C)it must arrive over fast-conducting nerve fibers.
D)the other senses must be silent.
E)it must received by the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following can contribute to receptor specificity?

A)the structure of the receptor cell
B)characteristics of the receptor cell membrane
C)accessory cells that function with the receptor
D)accessory structures and tissues that shield the receptors from other stimuli
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Our perception of our environment is imperfect for all of the following reasons,except that

A)humans lack receptors for every possible stimulus.
B)receptors respond in an all-or-nothing manner.
C)not all sensations lead to a perception.
D)abnormal receptor function can produce sensations that have no basis in fact.
E)our receptors have limited sensitivity.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Sensory transduction can involve which of the following?

A)a stimulus altering the permeability of a receptor membrane
B)change in the flow of ions across the sensory membrane
C)the production of a receptor potential
D)inhibition of neurotransmitter release
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following is sometimes called "prickling pain"?

A)mechanical damage
B)chemicals
C)extremes of temperature
D)fast pain
E)fast and slow pain

Question 6

Central adaptation refers to

A)the decline in activity of peripheral receptors when stimulated.
B)a characteristic of phasic receptors.
C)inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.
D)increases in conscious perception of a sensory stimulus.
E)a change in motor receptivity of a neuron.

Question 7

Thermoreceptors

A)are found within the dermis.
B)are free nerve endings.
C)for "cold" are structurally indistinguishable from those for "warm."
D)are more numerous for cold than for warm temperatures.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by

A)nociceptors.
B)mechanoreceptors.
C)thermoreceptors.
D)chemoreceptors.
E)proprioceptors.

Question 9

Which of the following is not one of the special senses?

A)hearing
B)smell
C)taste
D)vibration
E)vision

Question 10

A receptor potential may

A)increase neurotransmitter release.
B)decrease neurotransmitter release.
C)be a hyperpolarization.
D)be a depolarization.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

The general senses

A)involve receptors that are relatively simple in structure.
B)are located in specialized structures called sense organs.
C)are localized to specific areas of the body.
D)cannot generate action potentials.
E)include taste and smell.

Question 12

Examples of sensory stimuli include

A)touch.
B)warmth.
C)pain.
D)vibration.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

All of the following are true of a prickling pain sensation,except that they

A)are carried by type A fibers.
B)reach the CNS quickly.
C)are fast adapting.
D)receive conscious attention.
E)often trigger somatic reflexes.

Question 14

Peripheral adaptation ________ the number of action potentials that reach the CNS.

A)decreases
B)increases
C)stabilizes
D)neutralizes
E)amplifies

Question 15

Sensory encoding of the perceived location of a stimulus depends on

A)the frequency of action potentials.
B)which labeled line is active.
C)the specific location of the cortical neuron that is stimulated.
D)the specific sensitivity of the peripheral receptor.
E)the number of receptors stimulated.

Question 16

A receptor that contains many mechanically-gated ion channels would function best as a

A)tactile receptor.
B)chemoreceptor.
C)nociceptor.
D)thermoreceptor.
E)light receptor.

Question 17

The term general senses refers to sensitivity to all of the following,except

A)temperature.
B)taste.
C)touch.
D)vibration.
E)pain.

Question 18

A labeled line is

A)a translation of complex sensory information.
B)a link between a receptor and a cortical neuron.
C)a reduction in sensitivity.
D)a stimulation that produces action potentials.
E)an adjustment for sensitivity adaptation.

Question 19

Gustatory receptors are sensitive to dissolved chemicals but insensitive to light.This is due to

A)receptor specificity.
B)accessory cells.
C)the fact that they are interoceptors.
D)receptor potentials.
E)the labeled line.

Question 20

A fast-adapting mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a

A)tactile (Merkel)disc.
B)root hair plexus.
C)free nerve ending.
D)Ruffini corpuscle.
E)tactile (Meissner)corpuscle.

Question 21

Chemoreceptors are located in all of the following,except

A)carotid bodies.
B)aortic bodies.
C)in the skin.
D)the organs of taste.
E)the organs of smell.

Question 22

A fast-adapting tactile receptor that monitors movements across the body surface is a

A)tactile (Merkel)disc.
B)lamellated corpuscle.
C)tactile (Meissner)corpuscle.
D)Ruffini corpuscle.
E)root hair plexus.

Question 23

A sensory receptor characterized peripherally as a free nerve ending and centrally uses glutamate and/or substance P as neurotransmitters,would most likely be a

A)chemoreceptor.
B)mechanoreceptor.
C)thermoreceptor.
D)nociceptor.
E)free receptor.

Question 24

A very large,fast-adapting tactile receptor that is composed of a single dendrite enclosed by concentric layers of collagen is a

A)Ruffini corpuscle.
B)lamellated corpuscle.
C)tactile (Meissner)corpuscle.
D)tactile (Merkel)disc.
E)root hair plexus.

Question 25

Pain is to ________ as cold is to ________.

A)nociceptors; thermoreceptors
B)baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
C)baroreceptors; nociceptors
D)chemoreceptors; nociceptors
E)baroreceptors; thermoreceptors

Question 26

Which of the following is not a property of thermoreceptors?

A)sensation conducted in same pathway as pain
B)tonic response to temperature change
C)found in skeletal muscle,hypothalamus,and skin
D)project to reticular formation
E)cold receptors outnumber warm receptors

Question 27

Receptors that monitor the position of joints belong to the category called

A)nociceptors.
B)chemoreceptors.
C)baroreceptors.
D)proprioceptors.
E)thermoreceptors.

Question 28

Tactile receptors composed of capsules that surround a core of collagen fibers intertwined with dendrites are called

A)Ruffini corpuscles.
B)lamellated corpuscles.
C)tactile (Meissner)corpuscles.
D)tactile discs.
E)root hair plexuses.

Question 29

________ are receptors in the aorta that monitor the blood pressure.

A)Chemoreceptors
B)Nociceptors
C)Baroreceptors
D)Proprioceptors
E)Hair cells

Question 30

Tactile discs are to ________ as tactile corpuscles are to ________.

A)Wilms; Meissner
B)Merkel; Meissner
C)Meissner; Merkel
D)Pacinian; Merkel
E)pain; pressure

Question 31

A tactile receptor composed of highly coiled dendrites that are surrounded by modified Schwann cells and a fibrous capsule is a

A)lamellated corpuscle.
B)Ruffini corpuscle.
C)tactile (Meissner)corpuscle.
D)tactile (Merkel)disc.
E)root hair plexus.

Question 32

Sensations of burning or aching pain

A)are carried by type A fibers.
B)reach the CNS quickly.
C)cause a generalized activation of the reticular formation and the thalamus.
D)are well localized.
E)are fast adapting.

Question 33

Bladder fullness is to ________ as blood pH is to ________.

A)nociceptors; thermoreceptors
B)baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
C)baroreceptors; nociceptors
D)chemoreceptors; nociceptors
E)baroreceptors; thermoreceptors

Question 34

If a friend is talking about someone she knows who lost his special senses,you would correct her when you hear her mention ________,because it is not a special sense.

A)smell
B)sight
C)balance
D)cold
E)hearing

Question 35

Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called

A)nociceptors.
B)baroreceptors.
C)chemoreceptors.
D)proprioceptors.
E)thermoreceptors.

Question 36

A highly sensitive tactile receptor composed of dendritic processes of a single myelinated fiber that makes contact with specialized cells of the stratum germinativum is a

A)lamellated corpuscle.
B)tactile (Meissner)corpuscle.
C)Ruffini corpuscle.
D)tactile (Merkel)disc.
E)root hair plexus.

Question 37

Tickle is to ________ as itch is to ________.

A)pressure; heat
B)baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
C)touch; pain
D)stretch; temperature
E)thermoreceptors; nociceptors

Question 38

Which of the following kinds of information do fine-touch and light-pressure mechanoreceptors provide?

A)location of the stimulus
B)shape of the stimulus
C)texture of the stimulus
D)movement of the stimulus
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations?

A)pressure
B)touch
C)vibration
D)muscle length
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

________ receptors are ________ times more numerous than ________ receptors.

A)Warm; three or four; cold
B)Thermoreceptors; three or four; cold
C)Cold; three or four; warm
D)Thermoreceptors; three or four; temperature
E)Cold; 10; warm

Question 41

Each of the following is an ascending tract in the spinal cord,except the

A)fasciculus gracilis.
B)fasciculus cuneatus.
C)posterior spinocerebellar.
D)reticulospinal tract.
E)anterior spinothalamic.

Question 42

Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons.

A)receptor
B)first-order
C)second-order
D)third-order
E)fourth-order

Question 43

The spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the

A)fasciculus gracilis.
B)fasciculus cuneatus.
C)posterior spinocerebellar.
D)lateral spinothalamic.
E)anterior spinothalamic.

Question 44

What loss would result from cutting through the medial lemniscus on the right side?

A)loss of pain sensation on the left side of the body
B)loss of pain sensation on the right side of the body
C)loss of fine touch sensation on the left side of the body
D)loss of fine touch sensation on the right side of the body
E)complete hemiplegia (paralysis)on the left side of the body

Question 45

The afferent neuron that carries the sensation to the CNS is a ________ neuron.

A)receptor
B)first-order
C)second-order
D)third-order
E)fourth-order

Question 46

Stimulation of a neuron that terminates in the superior region of the left postcentral gyrus would produce

A)a sensation in the right leg.
B)a sensation in the lips.
C)a muscle twitch in the right leg.
D)a muscle twitch in the lips.
E)both sensations and muscle twitches in the right leg.

Question 47

We can localize sensations that originate in different areas of the body because

A)sensory neurons carry only one modality.
B)sensory neurons from specific body regions project to specific cortical regions.
C)incoming sensory information is first processed by the thalamus.
D)different types of sensory receptors produce action potentials of different sizes and shapes.
E)of the many types of tactile receptors.

Question 48

The spinal tract that relays information concerning pain and temperature to the CNS is the

A)fasciculus gracilis.
B)fasciculus cuneatus.
C)posterior spinocerebellar.
D)lateral spinothalamic.
E)anterior spinothalamic.

Question 49

Figure 15-1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "5."

A)thalamus
B)cerebral cortex
C)primary motor cortex
D)primary sensory cortex
E)autonomic ganglion

Question 50

Neurons from the fasciculus gracilis

A)relay information directly to the cerebrum.
B)decussate before entering the medial lemniscus.
C)relay sensory information to the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere.
D)carry both crude and fine touch.
E)process proprioception.

Question 51

Figure 15-1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure conducts action potentials directly from a sensory receptor?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)5
E)7

Question 52

Figure 15-1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Which of the following is true regarding the structure labeled "6"? 1.The synapse occurs between motor neurons.
2)The sensations may be filtered out.
3)The third-order neuron projects to the primary sensory cortex.
4)The third-order neuron's axon is identified.

A)1 and 4
B)2 only
C)3 only
D)3 and 4
E)1 and 3

Question 53

The spinal tract that carries sensations from proprioceptors to the CNS is the

A)fasciculus gracilis.
B)fasciculus cuneatus.
C)spinocerebellar.
D)lateral spinothalamic.
E)anterior spinothalamic.

Question 54

Figure 15-1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Where in the spinal cord is the structure labeled "2" located?

A)anterior gray horns
B)dorsal root ganglion
C)anterior white column
D)anterior median fissure
E)posterior white column

Question 55

Figure 15-1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the neuron labeled "1."

A)lower motor neuron
B)upper motor neuron
C)first-order neuron
D)second-order neuron
E)ganglionic neuron

Question 56

Which neuron delivers sensations to the CNS?

A)first-order neuron
B)second-order neuron
C)third-order neuron
D)fourth-order neuron
E)sensory receptor

Question 57

Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration?

A)corticobulbar
B)corticospinal
C)posterior (dorsal)column
D)spinothalamic
E)spinobulbar

Question 58

Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration?

A)corticobulbar
B)corticospinal
C)posterior (dorsal)column
D)spinothalamic
E)spinocerebellar

Question 59

Your uncle was just diagnosed with a heart attack.One of his major symptoms is left arm pain.You are not surprised because you are familiar with the phenomenon of

A)referred pain.
B)phantom pain.
C)psychogenic pain.
D)somatic pain.
E)neurogenic pain.

Question 60

Figure 15-1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the neuron labeled "3."

A)lower motor neuron
B)upper motor neuron
C)first-order neuron
D)second-order neuron
E)ganglionic neuron

Question 61

Descending (motor)pathways always involve at least ________ motor neuron(s).

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)spinal

Question 62

Destruction of or damage to a lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system produces

A)the inability to localize a stimulus.
B)a subconscious response to a stimulation.
C)flaccid paralysis of its muscle fibers (motor unit).
D)a stimulation of the innervated muscle.
E)contractile paralysis of its motor unit.

Question 63

The spinal tract that normally plays a minor role in the subconscious regulation of the distal muscles of the arms is the ________ tract.

A)lateral corticospinal
B)anterior corticospinal
C)rubrospinal
D)reticulospinal
E)vestibulospinal

Question 64

Based on the motor homunculus,which of the following body regions has the largest motor units?

A)tongue
B)face
C)hands
D)back
E)larynx

Question 65

The spinal tract that unconsciously maintains balance and muscle tone is the ________ tract.

A)lateral corticospinal
B)anterior corticospinal
C)rubrospinal
D)reticulospinal
E)vestibulospinal

Question 66

The descending spinal tract that crosses to the opposite side of the body within the cord is the ________ tract.

A)lateral corticospinal
B)anterior corticospinal
C)rubrospinal
D)reticulospinal
E)vestibulospinal

Question 67

The medial pathway that controls involuntary movements of head,neck,and arm position in response to sudden visual and auditory stimuli is the ________ tract.

A)lateral corticospinal
B)tectospinal
C)rubrospinal
D)reticulospinal
E)vestibulospinal

Question 68

Axons that decussate between the pyramids of the medulla oblongata belong to the ________ tracts.

A)anterior corticospinal
B)lateral corticospinal
C)vestibulospinal
D)reticulospinal
E)rubrospinal

Question 69

Identify the type of information that travels along the structure labeled "2."

A)motor commands to skeletal muscles
B)proprioception to the cerebral cortex
C)fine touch to the cerebral cortex
D)pain and crude touch sensations
E)visceral motor commands to smooth muscle

Question 70

The pyramidal system provides

A)voluntary control over skeletal muscles.
B)voluntary control over smooth muscles.
C)involuntary control over skeletal muscles.
D)involuntary control over smooth muscles.
E)involuntary control over cardiac muscle.

Question 71

The ________ tract provides subconscious regulation of upper limb muscle tone and movement and is part of the ________ pathway.

A)tectospinal; lateral
B)rubrospinal; lateral
C)reticulospinal; medial
D)vestibulospinal; lateral
E)corticobulbar; medial

Question 72

The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is proportional to the

A)size of the body area.
B)distance of the body area from the brain.
C)number of motor units in that region.
D)number of sensory receptors in the area of the body.
E)size of the nerves that serve the area of the body.

Question 73

The ________ tract provides subconscious regulation of balance and muscle tone and is part of the ________ pathway.

A)tectospinal; lateral
B)rubrospinal; lateral
C)reticulospinal; medial
D)vestibulospinal; medial
E)corticobulbar; medial

Question 74

The pyramids on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata are formed by fibers of the ________ tracts.

A)corticospinal
B)corticobulbar
C)reticulospinal
D)vestibulospinal
E)tectospinal

Question 75

The corticospinal system is often referred to as the

A)red nucleus.
B)reticular formation.
C)spinothalamic tracts.
D)pyramidal system.
E)medullary centers.

Question 76

The cerebellum relies on information from

A)the eyes.
B)the inner ear as movements are underway.
C)proprioceptive sensations.
D)motor commands from upper motor neurons.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 77

Axons of the corticobulbar tract terminate in the

A)sensory neurons.
B)somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord.
C)autonomic motor neurons in the spinal cord.
D)motor nuclei of cranial nerves.
E)nuclei in the thalamus.

Question 78

The cerebellum

A)functions to maintain proper posture and equilibrium.
B)receives input from the motor cortex and basal ganglia.
C)compares intended movement to actual movement.
D)if damaged leads to uncoordinated and jerky movements.
E)has all of these characteristics.

Question 79

The descending spinal tract that crosses to the opposite side of the body within the medulla oblongata is the ________ tract.

A)lateral corticospinal
B)anterior corticospinal
C)rubrospinal
D)reticulospinal
E)vestibulospinal

Question 80

Upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tract synapse with

A)neurons in autonomic ganglia.
B)neurons in the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord.
C)neurons in the spinothalamic tract.
D)neurons in the lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
E)neurons in the dorsal root ganglia.