Deck 24: The Digestive System

Question 1

The ________ supports all but 25 cm of the small intestine and provides stability and limited movement.

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A feature of the digestive tract wall that increases surface area available for absorption is the

A)transitional cells.
B)circular folds.
C)elastic cells.
D)rugae.
E)muscularis mucosa.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The activities of the digestive system are regulated by

A)hormones.
B)parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons.
C)the contents of the digestive tract.
D)intrinsic nerve plexuses.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Sensory nerve cells,parasympathetic ganglia,and sympathetic postganglionic fibers can be found in the

A)mucosa.
B)serosa.
C)adventitia.
D)submucosal plexus.
E)lamina propria.

Question 5

Large blood vessels and lymphatics are found in the

A)mucosa.
B)submucosa.
C)muscularis.
D)adventitia.
E)serosa.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A)mechanical processing
B)absorption
C)secretion
D)ingestion
E)filtration

Question 7

The digestive tract is also referred to as the

A)alimentary canal.
B)esophagus.
C)GI tract.
D)alimentary canal and the GI tract.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The layer of loose connective tissue that directly supports the digestive epithelium is the

A)lamina propria.
B)muscularis mucosae.
C)submucosa.
D)submucosal plexus.
E)myenteric plexus.

Question 9

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

A)mucosa.
B)submucosa.
C)muscularis mucosa.
D)myenteric plexus.
E)submucosal plexus.

Question 10

Digestion refers to the

A)progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
B)mechanical breakdown of food.
C)chemical breakdown of food.
D)mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

A)pancreas
B)esophagus
C)large intestine
D)stomach
E)small intestine

Question 12

A stratified squamous epithelial lining can be found in all of the following except in the

A)anal canal.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)oropharynx.
E)oral cavity.

Question 13

Contraction of the ________ alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds.

A)mucosa
B)submucosa
C)submucosal plexus
D)muscularis mucosa
E)adventitia

Question 14

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the

A)stomach.
B)pharynx.
C)esophagus.
D)bladder.
E)colon.

Question 15

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

A)appendix
B)pancreas
C)spleen
D)colon
E)esophagus

Question 16

Waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract are called

A)segmentation.
B)pendular movements.
C)peristalsis.
D)churning movements.
E)mastication.

Question 17

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term myenteric plexus?

A)component of mucosa
B)sensory neural network
C)secretes a watery fluid
D)coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E)loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 18

The ________ are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves,lymphatics,and blood vessels.

A)serosa
B)adventitia
C)mesenteries
D)fibrosa
E)lamina propria

Question 19

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term submucosal plexus?

A)component of mucosa
B)sensory neural network
C)secretes a watery fluid
D)coordinates activity of muscularis externa
E)loose connective tissue layer containing blood vessels

Question 20

The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the

A)serosa.
B)adventitia.
C)muscularis mucosa.
D)mucosa.
E)submucosa.

Question 21

The serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity

A)secretes peritoneal fluid.
B)decreases friction.
C)lubricates the cavity.
D)prevents irritation.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

A)small intestine
B)esophagus
C)large intestine
D)stomach
E)anus

Question 23

The root of a tooth is covered by

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)the root canal.

Question 24

The bulk of each tooth consists of a mineralized matrix similar to that of bone called

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)periodontium.

Question 25

The crown of a tooth is covered by

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp.
E)periodontium.

Question 26

All of the following contain mucous cells in the epithelium except the

A)stomach.
B)transverse colon.
C)esophagus.
D)small intestine.
E)large intestine.

Question 27

________ pair(s)of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity.

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four
E)Six to Ten

Question 28

Which of the following contains adipose tissue and provides padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen?

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 29

Put the following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the deepest layer.
1)lamina propria 4.digestive (mucous)epithelium
2)muscularis externa 5.serosa
3)submucosa 6.muscularis mucosae

A)5,2,3,6,1,4
B)4,1,6,3,2,5
C)4,6,3,1,2,5
D)5,4,2,6,1,3
E)1,4,3,6,2,5

Question 30

The double-layer sheets of serous membrane that support the viscera are called

A)peritoneal sheets.
B)mesenteries.
C)ascites.
D)the diaphragm.
E)the dorsal and ventral frenulums.

Question 31

The part of a tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves is the

A)enamel.
B)cementum.
C)dentin.
D)pulp cavity.
E)periodontium.

Question 32

Functions of the tongue include all of the following except

A)mechanical processing of food.
B)manipulation of food.
C)sensory analysis of food.
D)aiding in speech.
E)partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

Question 33

What provides access for blood vessels entering and leaving the liver?

A)falciform ligament
B)greater omentum
C)mesentery proper
D)lesser omentum
E)diaphragm

Question 34

A structure that helps prevent food from entering the pharynx prematurely is the

A)uvula.
B)pharyngeal arch.
C)palatoglossal arch.
D)palatopharyngeal arch.
E)epiglottis.

Question 35

The greater omentum is

A)the entrance to the stomach.
B)attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature.
C)important in the digestion of fats.
D)a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.
E)a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver.

Question 36

A disease that attacks and disables the myenteric plexus would

A)increase intestinal motility.
B)decrease intestinal motility.
C)increase gastric secretion.
D)decrease gastric secretion.
E)interfere with both intestinal motility and gastric secretion.

Question 37

The functions of the oral cavity include all of the following except

A)sensory analysis of material before swallowing.
B)mechanical processing of food.
C)lubrication.
D)absorption of monosaccharides.
E)digestion of carbohydrates.

Question 38

Which layer of the digestive tract has a layer of areolar tissue that surrounds the muscularis mucosae?

A)submucosa
B)digestive epithelium
C)muscularis mucosae
D)lamina propria
E)mucosa

Question 39

The oral mucosa has ________ epithelium.

A)simple squamous
B)stratified squamous
C)pseudostratified
D)stratified columnar
E)transitional

Question 40

The ________ gland empties into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar.

A)submaxillary
B)submandibular
C)parotid
D)sublingual
E)vestibular

Question 41

________ are teeth with flattened crowns and prominent ridges that are adapted for crushing and grinding.

A)Molars
B)Cuspids
C)Eye teeth
D)Canines
E)Dentins

Question 42

Which of the following is not a function of the tongue?

A)manipulation to assist with chewing
B)mechanical processing
C)passing food across occlusal surfaces
D)secretion of mucins
E)All of these are functions of the tongue.

Question 43

The roof of the oral cavity is formed by the

A)palatine processes of the maxillary bones.
B)hard palate.
C)soft palate.
D)palatine bones.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 44

The ridge of oral mucosa that surrounds the base of a tooth is the

A)vestibule.
B)gingiva.
C)alveolus.
D)uvula.
E)faux.

Question 45

If the lingual frenulum is too restrictive,an individual

A)has a condition called ankyloglossia.
B)has difficulty eating.
C)cannot speak normally.
D)cannot protract the tongue as far as most individuals.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 46

A blockage of the ducts from the parotid glands would

A)occur when too much protein is ingested.
B)cause mumps.
C)interfere with carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.
D)prevent emulsification of lipids.
E)inhibit the secretion of saliva from other glands.

Question 47

During deglutition,

A)the soft palate elevates.
B)the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes.
C)the lower esophageal sphincter opens.
D)smooth muscle contracts.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 48

The uvula is located at the

A)posterior of the tongue.
B)margin of the vestibule.
C)base of a tooth.
D)posterior margin of the soft palate.
E)margin of the oropharynx and the laryngopharynx.

Question 49

________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.

A)Incisors
B)Bicuspids
C)Premolars
D)Cuspids
E)Molars

Question 50

The ________ salivary glands are covered by the mucous membrane in the floor of the mouth.

A)mandibular
B)sublingual
C)lingual
D)submandibular
E)parotid

Question 51

The connection of the anterior portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium is the

A)uvula.
B)faux.
C)lingual frenulum.
D)labial frenulum.
E)glossal septum.

Question 52

Functions of teeth include

A)tearing.
B)crushing.
C)cutting.
D)clipping.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 53

Which salivary gland produces a serous secretion containing large amounts of salivary amylase?

A)mandibular
B)sublingual
C)lingual
D)submandibular
E)parotid

Question 54

Which of the following is not a pharyngeal muscle involved in swallowing?

A)pharyngeal constrictor muscle
B)palatopharyngeus
C)stylopharyngeus
D)omohyoid
E)They are all pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing.

Question 55

The epithelium lining the oropharynx is

A)simple squamous.
B)simple cuboidal.
C)simple columnar.
D)stratified squamous.
E)pseudostratified squamous.

Question 56

The space between the cheeks or lips and the teeth is called the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)fauces.
D)vestibule.
E)dip sulcus.

Question 57

________ are also known as canines.

A)Bicuspids
B)Incisors
C)Molars
D)Secondary teeth
E)Cuspids

Question 58

Increased secretion by all the salivary glands results from

A)sympathetic stimulation.
B)hormonal stimulation.
C)parasympathetic stimulation.
D)myenteric reflexes.
E)hunger.

Question 59

________ are blade-shaped teeth that function in cutting or clipping.

A)Canines
B)Bicuspids
C)Cuspids
D)Incisors
E)Molars

Question 60

In most cases,the mumps is a viral infection of the ________ glands.

A)mandibular
B)sublingual
C)parotid
D)submandibular
E)lingual

Question 61

The part of the stomach that functions as a mixing chamber for food and secretions is the

A)body.
B)antrum.
C)pylorus.
D)cardia.
E)fundus.

Question 62

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

A)sight,thought,or smell of food.
B)entry of food into the stomach.
C)entry of chyme into the small intestine.
D)entry of chyme into the large intestine.
E)release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.

Question 63

The region of the stomach that empties into the duodenum is the

A)antrum.
B)fundus.
C)body.
D)cardia.
E)pylorus.

Question 64

Gastric pits are

A)ridges in the body of the stomach.
B)involved in absorption of liquids from the stomach.
C)openings into gastric glands.
D)acid scars in the esophagus.
E)hollows where proteins are stored.

Question 65

The stomach secretes the hormone ghrelin which functions to

A)inhibit hunger.
B)initiate secretion of gastric juice containing enzymes and acid.
C)regulate the digestion of lipids.
D)stimulate hunger.
E)stimulate secretion of mucus from submucosal glands.

Question 66

Muscles known as the pharyngeal constrictors function in

A)mastication.
B)moving the tongue.
C)swallowing.
D)esophageal peristalsis.
E)opening the cardiac sphincter.

Question 67

During deglutition,which of the following phases is not present?

A)buccal
B)pharyngeal
C)gastric
D)esophageal
E)They are all present during deglutition.

Question 68

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

A)cardia.
B)papillae.
C)rugae.
D)plicae.
E)villi.

Question 69

The esophagus has several variations from the standard plan of the GI tract.These include

A)epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous.
B)epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar.
C)muscularis externa has some skeletal muscle.
D)epithelium of mucosa is stratified squamous and simple columnar.
E)epithelium of mucosa is simple columnar and muscularis externa may be striated muscle.

Question 70

Parietal cells secrete

A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)mucus.
D)hydrochloric acid.
E)enteropeptidase.

Question 71

The enzyme pepsin digests

A)carbohydrates.
B)proteins.
C)lipids.
D)nucleic acids.
E)vitamins.

Question 72

Chief cells secrete

A)pepsinogen.
B)gastrin.
C)mucus.
D)hydrochloric acid.
E)intrinsic factor.

Question 73

G cells of the stomach secrete

A)cholecystokinin.
B)secretin.
C)gastrin.
D)enteropeptidase.
E)pepsin.

Question 74

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term gastrin?

A)where pancreatic juice and bile enter duodenum
B)carries absorbed sugars and amino acids
C)stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid
D)causes gallbladder to contract
E)stimulates gastric secretion

Question 75

To which region of the stomach does the esophagus connect?

A)fundus
B)cardia
C)body
D)antrum
E)pylorus

Question 76

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

A)cardia.
B)pylorus.
C)fundus.
D)antrum.
E)body.

Question 77

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

A)the stomach responds to distention.
B)secretin inhibits parietal and chief cells.
C)increased production of gastric juice occurs.
D)the intestinal reflex inhibits gastric emptying.
E)production of gastric juice slows down.

Question 78

An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn that coagulates milk proteins is

A)pepsin.
B)trypsin.
C)gastrin.
D)rennin.
E)cholecystokinin.

Question 79

Functions of the stomach include all of the following except

A)storage of ingested food.
B)denaturation of proteins.
C)initiation of protein digestion.
D)absorption of triglycerides.
E)mechanical breakdown of food.

Question 80

The pylorus empties into the

A)ileum.
B)colon.
C)cecum.
D)jejunum.
E)duodenum.