Deck 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________.

A)function; form
B)form; structure
C)structure; function
D)structure; form
E)growth; form

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Cardiovascular function is an example of

A)histophysiology.
B)organ physiology.
C)systemic physiology.
D)pathological physiology.
E)physiological chemistry.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which organ system transports nutrients,metabolic wastes,gases,and defense cells?

A)cardiovascular
B)digestive
C)muscular
D)respiratory
E)urinary

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The analysis of the internal structure of individual cells is called

A)cytology.
B)histology.
C)embryology.
D)physiology.
E)anatomy.

Question 5

Skin,hair,and nails are associated with the ________ system.

A)skeletal
B)muscular
C)integumentary
D)endocrine
E)immune

Question 6

Organ physiology is to ________ as gross anatomy is to ________.

A)cell physiology; microscopic anatomy
B)macroscopic anatomy; unbalance
C)equilibrium; macroscopic anatomy
D)balance; equilibrium
E)imbalance; microscopic anatomy

Question 7

The study of the function of specific organ systems is called

A)systemic physiology.
B)organ physiology.
C)cell physiology.
D)pathological physiology.
E)histology.

Question 8

Lungs are to the respiratory system as the liver is to the ________ system.

A)lymphatic
B)urinary
C)digestive
D)cardiovascular
E)nervous

Question 9

________ is considered the oldest medical science.

A)Anatomy
B)Biology
C)Physiology
D)Cytology
E)Embryology

Question 10

The study of the general form and superficial markings of an organism is called ________ anatomy.

A)gross
B)surface
C)systemic
D)regional
E)surgical

Question 11

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest?

A)cellular,tissue,molecular,system,organ,organism
B)molecular,cellular,tissue,organ,system,organism
C)tissue,cellular,molecular,organ,system,organism
D)organ,organism,molecular,cellular,tissue,system
E)organism,system,organ,tissue,cellular,molecular

Question 12

The kidneys and ureters are organs of the ________ system.

A)endocrine
B)digestive
C)respiratory
D)urinary
E)lymphatic

Question 13

The pituitary gland and thyroid gland are organs of the ________ system.

A)endocrine
B)cardiovascular
C)respiratory
D)lymphatic
E)digestive

Question 14

The study of the liver is to gross anatomy as the study of a liver cell is to

A)physiology.
B)regional anatomy.
C)cytology.
D)systemic anatomy.
E)radiographic anatomy.

Question 15

Which organ system includes the spleen and the tonsils?

A)digestive
B)endocrine
C)nervous
D)cardiovascular
E)lymphatic

Question 16

Anatomical features that change during illness are studied in ________ anatomy.

A)gross
B)surface
C)microscopic
D)pathological
E)regional

Question 17

Which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream?

A)cardiovascular
B)lymphatic
C)respiratory
D)digestive
E)endocrine

Question 18

The study of the superficial and internal features in a specific area of the body is called ________ anatomy.

A)surface
B)regional
C)surgical
D)pathological
E)radiographic

Question 19

The study of the first two months of development is termed

A)histology.
B)embryology.
C)cytology.
D)pathology.
E)organology.

Question 20

Which organ system provides support,protection of soft tissue,mineral storage,and blood formation?

A)integumentary
B)muscular
C)skeletal
D)nervous
E)endocrine

Question 21

Which of the following regions corresponds to the buttocks?

A)pelvic
B)cephalic
C)gluteal
D)lumbar
E)thoracic

Question 22

A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood,which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning.This observation supports the view that

A)all organisms are composed of cells.
B)all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.
C)chemical molecules make up cells.
D)blood has magical properties.
E)congenital defects can be life-threatening.

Question 23

The central principle of physiology is

A)nutrition.
B)reflexes.
C)homeostasis.
D)stimulation.
E)temperature regulation.

Question 24

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system?

A)releases chemical messengers called hormones
B)produces a more rapid response than the nervous system
C)produces effects that last for days or longer
D)produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time
E)important homeostatic system

Question 25

The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment in an organism is termed

A)positive feedback.
B)homeostasis.
C)negative feedback.
D)effector control.
E)integration.

Question 26

A person who is standing facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.

A)supine
B)prone
C)anatomical
D)frontal
E)sagittal

Question 27

The chin is ________ to the nose.

A)anterior
B)superior
C)posterior
D)inferior
E)medial

Question 28

If a response increases a disturbance,the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A)deficit
B)negative
C)neutral
D)polarized
E)positive

Question 29

An anatomical term that means the same as ventral is

A)posterior.
B)inferior.
C)abdominal.
D)anterior.
E)superior.

Question 30

In general,the nervous system does each of the following except

A)help to maintain homeostasis.
B)respond rapidly to change.
C)direct long-term responses to change.
D)direct very specific responses.
E)interpret sensory information.

Question 31

The wrist is ________ to the elbow.

A)proximal
B)distal
C)lateral
D)medial
E)horizontal

Question 32

A cell or an organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n)

A)receptor.
B)thermoregulator.
C)hypothalamus.
D)effector.
E)stimulus.

Question 33

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region?

A)right hypochondriac
B)right inguinal region
C)left lumbar
D)left hypochondriac
E)upper

Question 34

This type of feedback exaggerates the effects of variations from normal.

A)negative
B)positive
C)neutral
D)depressing
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

When body temperature rises,a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature.This is an example of

A)negative feedback.
B)positive feedback.
C)nonhomeostatic regulation.
D)diagnostic regulation.
E)fever.

Question 36

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

A)lateral
B)medial
C)posterior
D)proximal
E)distal

Question 37

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except

A)right upper quadrant (RUQ).
B)right lower quadrant (RLQ).
C)left upper quadrant (LUQ).
D)left lower quadrant (LLQ).
E)pelvic quadrant.

Question 38

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the

A)hypothalamus.
B)skin.
C)temperature sensor.
D)positive feedback center.
E)thermostat.

Question 39

If a response decreases a disturbance,the control system is classified as a ________ feedback system.

A)deficit
B)negative
C)neutral
D)polarized
E)positive

Question 40

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be

A)temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.
B)sweat glands that increase secretion.
C)regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.
D)effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate.
E)sweat glands that act like effectors.

Question 41

Visceral pericardium is located

A)on the heart itself.
B)lining the pleural cavity.
C)lining the pericardial cavity.
D)on the lung itself.
E)lining the peritoneal cavity.

Question 42

The mediastinum

A)contains the pleural cavities.
B)separates the pleural cavities.
C)contains the pericardial cavity.
D)contains the pleural cavities and pericardial cavity.
E)separates the pleural cavities and includes the pericardial cavity.

Question 43

The thoracic cavity contains the

A)coelom.
B)pericardial cavity.
C)pelvic cavity.
D)pleural cavities.
E)pericardial and pleural cavities.

Question 44

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe

A)one body part in relation to another.
B)surgical procedures.
C)a supine position.
D)the nervous system.
E)living matter.

Question 45

The diaphragm muscle separates the ________ from the ________.

A)pleural cavity; mediastinum
B)thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity
C)pericardial cavity; pleural cavity
D)abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity
E)pericardial sac; pericardial cavity

Question 46

A midsagittal section of the body would pass through the

A)kidney.
B)lung.
C)heart.
D)spleen.
E)leg.

Question 47

Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity?

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)ovary
D)spleen
E)pancreas

Question 48

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the

A)pelvic and thoracic.
B)cranial and sacral.
C)lateral and medial.
D)thoracic and abdominopelvic.
E)dorsal and ventral.

Question 49

The right pleural cavity contains

A)the heart.
B)the trachea.
C)the left lung.
D)the right lung.
E)both lungs.

Question 50

The plane that separates the abdominal and the pelvic cavities is

A)the mediastinum.
B)sagittal on the brachium.
C)transverse at the hips.
D)midsagittal on the trunk.
E)superior to the thorax.

Question 51

The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.

A)right upper
B)left upper
C)right lower
D)left lower
E)hepatic

Question 52

Identify the structure located within the mediastinum.

A)pericardial cavity
B)small intestine
C)lung
D)spleen
E)stomach

Question 53

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

A)proximal
B)frontal
C)orthogonal
D)transverse
E)sagittal

Question 54

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.

A)right upper; right lower
B)left upper; left lower
C)left upper; right upper
D)right lower; left lower

Question 55

Which of the following organs is described as retroperitoneal?

A)stomach
B)kidney
C)urinary bladder
D)large intestine
E)spleen

Question 56

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the

A)pericardium.
B)peritoneum.
C)pleura.
D)mediastinum.
E)abdomen.

Question 57

While standing in the anatomical position,

A)front refers to anterior.
B)front refers to ventral.
C)back refers to posterior.
D)back refers to dorsal.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 58

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

A)cervical
B)brachial
C)antebrachial
D)femoral
E)pedal

Question 59

While standing erect,the direction of caudal is

A)toward the head.
B)toward the heel.
C)lateral to the trunk.
D)medial to the sides.
E)posterior to the head.

Question 60

Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs,such as the brain,heart,lungs,and kidneys?

A)PET scan
B)ultrasound
C)digital subtraction angiography
D)MRI
E)CT scan

Question 61

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n)________ that detects a particular stimulus,and a(n)________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n)________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus.

A)control center; effector; receptor
B)receiver; communicator; effector
C)receptor; control center; effector
D)effector; receiver; communicator
E)control center; receiver; effector

Question 62

A person lying face down is in the ________ position.

A)anatomical
B)prone
C)supine
D)ventral
E)prostrate

Question 63

A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n)________ section.

A)frontal
B)transverse
C)oblique
D)parasagittal
E)coronal

Question 64

________ occurs when the activities of organs are regulated locally.

Question 65

The common name for the pollex is the

A)ear lobe.
B)belly.
C)big toe.
D)hand.
E)thumb.

Question 66

Anatomy uses a special language,called ________ terminology,which involves the use of word roots,prefixes,suffixes,and combining forms to construct terms related to the body in health and disease.

A)clinical
B)pathological
C)medical
D)anatomical
E)surgical

Question 67

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called

A)self-regulation.
B)homeostasis.
C)equilibriosis.
D)hemopoiesis.
E)amplification.

Question 68

________ results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine system.

A)Self-regulation
B)Automatic regulation
C)Intrinsic regulation
D)Extrinsic regulation
E)Autoregulation

Question 69

Disease is an indicator of

A)negative feedback.
B)signs and symptoms.
C)homeostatic failure.
D)positive feedback.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 70

A person lying on the bed and gazing at the ceiling is in the ________ position.

A)prone
B)supine
C)anatomical
D)dorsal
E)caudal

Question 71

________ serves as a worldwide official standard of anatomical vocabulary.

A)Gray's Anatomy
B)Terminologia Anatomica
C)Hippocratic Corpus
D)Anatomia Inteligencia
E)De Materia Medica

Question 72

The common term for the buccal region is the

A)back.
B)waist.
C)breast.
D)cheeks.
E)buttocks.

Question 73

Identify the branch of biological science that studies the external and internal structure of the body and the physical relationship among body parts.

A)genetics
B)physiology
C)embryology
D)anatomy
E)cytology

Question 74

The common term for the carpal region is the

A)wrist.
B)fingers.
C)ankle.
D)shin.
E)chest.

Question 75

The common name for the patella is the

A)forehead.
B)knee.
C)heel.
D)palm of the hand.
E)chin.

Question 76

The study of the changes in form that occur between conception and physical maturity is called ________ anatomy.

A)developmental
B)clinical
C)systemic
D)embryological
E)physiological

Question 77

Identify the branch of biological science that deals with the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.

A)genetics
B)physiology
C)embryology
D)anatomy
E)cytology

Question 78

During exercise,blood flow to skeletal muscles increases.The initial response that increases blood flow is automatic and independent of the nervous and endocrine systems.Which type of homeostatic regulation is this? Why?

Question 79

What is homeostatic regulation,and what is its physiological importance?

Question 80

Which of the following imaging techniques is used to monitor blood flow through specific organs,such as the brain,heart,lungs,and kidneys?

A)PET scan
B)ultrasound
C)digital subtraction angiography
D)MRI
E)CT scan