Deck 4: The Tissue Level of Organization

Question 1

Close examination of a healthy organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells.The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells lines the cavity of the organ.This tissue is a type of

A)epithelium.
B)muscle tissue.
C)connective tissue.
D)neural tissue.
E)fat tissue.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which one of the following is not one of the four main tissue categories?

A)muscle tissue
B)neural tissue
C)osseous tissue
D)connective tissue
E)epithelial tissue

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Dead skin cells are shed in thin sheets because they are held together by "spots" of proteoglycan reinforced by intermediate filaments.Such strong intercellular connections are called

A)gap junctions.
B)intermediate junctions.
C)tight junctions.
D)desmosomes.
E)junctional complexes.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Germinative cells

A)start in the superficial layers of epithelial tissue.
B)cannot divide in the deep layers of epithelial tissue.
C)make up most of the epithelial type of tissue.
D)divide continually to produce new epithelial cells.
E)cannot function in the repair of epithelial tissue.

Question 5

Characteristics of epithelia include all of the following except

A)attachment.
B)avascularity.
C)regeneration.
D)polarity.
E)extracellular matrix.

Question 6

Epithelium is connected to underlying connective tissue by

A)keratin.
B)interfacial canals.
C)a basement membrane.
D)a reticular lamina.
E)proteoglycan.

Question 7

Functions of epithelia include all of the following except

A)providing physical protection.
B)controlling permeability.
C)absorption.
D)producing specialized secretions.
E)supporting muscle cells.

Question 8

A type of intercellular junction that stops materials from crossing an epithelium between cells is called a(n)

A)tight junction.
B)gap junction.
C)intermediate junction.
D)desmosome.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for

A)contraction.
B)conduction.
C)secretion.
D)circulation.
E)support.

Question 10

The junction type that lets neighboring cells exchange small molecules is the

A)desmosome.
B)hemidesmosome.
C)gap junction.
D)tight junction.
E)zonula adherens.

Question 11

Epithelial cells that are adapted for absorption usually have ________ at their free surface.

A)mitochondria
B)cilia
C)microvilli
D)junctional complexes
E)Golgi complexes

Question 12

A layer of glycoproteins that prevents leakage of materials from connective tissues into epithelia is the

A)integral proteins.
B)clear layer.
C)matrix.
D)dense layer.
E)ground substance.

Question 13

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the

A)trachea.
B)urinary bladder.
C)secretory portions of the pancreas.
D)surface of the skin.
E)stomach.

Question 14

Epithelia specialized for providing sensations of smell,taste,sight,equilibrium,and hearing are known as

A)neuroepithelia.
B)psychoepithelia.
C)neuropsychoepithelia.
D)multilaminar epithelia.
E)protective epithelia.

Question 15

Which tissue lines the small intestine and the stomach?

A)simple squamous epithelium
B)simple cuboidal epithelium
C)simple columnar epithelium
D)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
E)stratified squamous epithelium

Question 16

The tissue that always has an apical and a basal surface is ________ tissue.

A)epithelial
B)connective
C)muscle
D)basal
E)apical

Question 17

The heart and blood vessels are lined by ________ epithelium.

A)pseudostratified columnar
B)transitional
C)simple cuboidal
D)simple columnar
E)simple squamous

Question 18

Examination of a tissue sample reveals groups of cells united by junctional complexes and interlocking membranes.The cells have one free surface and lack blood vessels.The tissue is most likely ________ tissue.

A)muscle
B)neural
C)epithelial
D)connective
E)adipose

Question 19

In stratified epithelia adapted to resist mechanical forces,which of the following types of cell-to-cell junctions are especially abundant?

A)tight junctions
B)basolateral junctions
C)gap junctions
D)hemidesmosomes
E)desmosomes

Question 20

Transitional epithelium is found

A)lining the urinary bladder.
B)lining the ducts that drain sweat glands.
C)lining kidney tubules.
D)lining the stomach.
E)at the surface of the skin.

Question 21

The epithelium that forms air sacs in the lungs is ________ epithelium.

A)stratified squamous
B)simple cuboidal
C)simple squamous
D)transitional
E)simple columnar

Question 22

Which of the following tissues are classified as "connective tissue proper"?
1)areolar connective tissue
2)adipose tissue
3)fibrocartilage
4)dense irregular connective tissue

A)3 and 4
B)1,2,and 3
C)1 and 2
D)1,2,and 4
E)1 and 3

Question 23

Glands that secrete their product by the bursting of cells are ________ glands.

A)apocrine
B)sudoriferous
C)holocrine
D)endocrine
E)merocrine

Question 24

A gland formed by cells arranged in a blind pocket with a single unbranched duct would be called

A)simple tubular.
B)simple alveolar.
C)compound tubular.
D)compound alveolar.
E)tubuloalveolar.

Question 25

Cells that are flat and thin are classified as

A)columnar.
B)squamous.
C)blasts.
D)transitional.
E)cuboidal.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about simple epithelia is false?

A)They afford little mechanical protection.
B)They are characteristic of regions where secretion or absorption occurs.
C)They line internal compartments and passageways.
D)They cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress.
E)They are avascular.

Question 27

Watery perspiration is an example of a(n)________ secretion.

A)merocrine
B)apocrine
C)holocrine
D)serous
E)mucous

Question 28

The study of cells shed from epithelial surfaces,often for diagnostic purposes,is termed

A)histology.
B)physiology.
C)anatomy.
D)embryology.
E)exfoliative cytology.

Question 29

Cells that are specialized for secretion

A)have a free surface that is flat.
B)have a small nucleus.
C)are usually squamous.
D)exhibit polarity.
E)are found only in the digestive system.

Question 30

The function of simple cuboidal epithelium is

A)support and structure.
B)protection and transport.
C)phagocytosis and immunity.
D)absorption and secretion.
E)storage and retrieval.

Question 31

Secretions through a duct might provide ________,whereas ductless secretions act as ________.

A)lubrication; lubricators
B)enzymes; hormones
C)transport media; physical protectors
D)superficial relief; interstitial fluid
E)odors; alarms

Question 32

Unicellular exocrine glands secrete

A)milk.
B)sweat.
C)mucus.
D)sebum.
E)insulin.

Question 33

The epithelia that line body cavities and blood vessels are classified as

A)simple squamous.
B)stratified squamous.
C)simple cuboidal.
D)stratified cuboidal.
E)transitional.

Question 34

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are ________ glands.

A)endocrine
B)interstitial
C)exocrine
D)merocrine
E)holocrine

Question 35

The pancreas produces ________ secretions.

A)serous and sebaceous
B)mucous and acid
C)merocrine and holocrine
D)exocrine and endocrine
E)secretory and absorptive

Question 36

The Pap test for cervical cancer utilizes

A)histology.
B)physiology.
C)anatomy.
D)embryology.
E)exfoliative cytology.

Question 37

Blood is which type of tissue?

A)mesenchyme
B)nerve
C)epithelial
D)muscle
E)connective

Question 38

The two major types of cell layering in epithelia are

A)simple and proper.
B)stratified and pseudostratified.
C)squamous and simple.
D)simple and stratified.
E)cuboidal and columnar.

Question 39

Which cell produces the protein fibers in areolar connective tissue?

A)squamous cell
B)adipocyte
C)fibroblast
D)chondroblast
E)chondrocyte

Question 40

Mesothelium is to the body cavities as endothelium is to the

A)kidneys.
B)heart and blood vessels.
C)urinary bladder.
D)mouth.
E)large intestine.

Question 41

Cells that respond to injury by dividing to assist in connective tissue repair are

A)mast cells.
B)fibroblasts.
C)plasmocytes.
D)mesenchymal cells.
E)lymphocytes.

Question 42

The color distinction between white fat and brown fat exists because brown fat

A)includes active melanocytes.
B)is more superficial.
C)traps pollutants.
D)is highly vascular.
E)is more mature.

Question 43

Two classes of macrophages include

A)mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
B)mast cells and basophils.
C)fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
D)neutrophils and eosinophils.
E)microphages and adipocytes.

Question 44

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue except

A)tendons.
B)ligaments.
C)aponeuroses.
D)areolar tissue.
E)elastic tissue.

Question 45

What type of cell makes up almost half the volume of blood?

A)erythrocyte
B)leukocyte
C)platelet
D)monocyte
E)phagocyte

Question 46

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are

A)all connective tissues proper.
B)elastic and hyaline cartilage.
C)dense irregular connective tissues.
D)reticular connective tissues.
E)dense regular connective tissues.

Question 47

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways except

A)providing strong connections between muscles and bones.
B)supporting epithelia.
C)anchoring blood vessels and nerves.
D)cushioning and stabilizing.
E)filling spaces between organs.

Question 48

________ attach skeletal muscles to bones,and ________ connect one bone to another.

A)Ligaments; tendons
B)Ligaments; aponeuroses
C)Tendons; ligaments
D)Aponeuroses; tendons
E)Reticular tissues; tendons

Question 49

Cells that engulf bacteria or cell debris within loose connective tissue are

A)fibroblasts.
B)macrophages.
C)adipocytes.
D)mast cells.
E)melanocytes.

Question 50

Wharton's jelly is a form of

A)Marfan's syndrome.
B)mucous connective tissue.
C)ground substance.
D)collagen fiber.
E)embryonic epithelium.

Question 51

Cells that store fat are called

A)lipocytes.
B)macrocytes.
C)adipocytes.
D)podocytes.
E)melanocytes.

Question 52

The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen,liver,and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

A)loose connective
B)regular dense connective
C)irregular dense connective
D)reticular connective
E)adipose

Question 53

The three categories of connective tissues are

A)connective tissue proper,fluid connective tissue,and supporting connective tissue.
B)epithelial connective tissue,muscle connective tissue,and neural connective tissue.
C)glandular connective tissue,exocrine connective tissue,and endocrine connective tissue.
D)connective tissue proper,cartilage connective tissue,and bone connective tissue.
E)areolar connective tissue,adipose connective tissue,and dense connective tissue.

Question 54

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

A)adipocytes
B)fibroblasts
C)macrophages
D)mast cells
E)lymphocytes

Question 55

Antibodies are produced by

A)macrophages.
B)microphages.
C)plasma cells.
D)mast cells.
E)fibroblasts.

Question 56

The viscous material between cells of areolar connective tissue is called the

A)cytosol.
B)ground substance.
C)cytoplasm.
D)crista.
E)gel matrix.

Question 57

The most common type of cartilage is ________ cartilage.

A)ligamentous
B)hyaline
C)elastic
D)fibrous
E)osseous

Question 58

Two types of microphages include

A)mesenchymal cells and melanocytes.
B)mast cells and basophils.
C)fixed macrophages and free macrophages.
D)neutrophils and eosinophils.
E)microphages and adipocytes.

Question 59

The dominant fiber type in dense connective tissue is

A)collagen.
B)elastin.
C)actin.
D)myosin.
E)connectin.

Question 60

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

A)tendons,ligaments,and elastic ligaments.
B)loose,dense,and irregular.
C)cartilage,bone,and collagen.
D)collagen,reticular,and elastic.
E)polar,cellular,and permeable.

Question 61

Microscopic examination of a tissue reveals a loose framework of fibers embedded in a large volume of fluid ground substance and adipocytes and mast cells fibers.This tissue would most likely have come from the

A)inner wall of a blood vessel.
B)lungs.
C)spleen.
D)superficial fascia between skin and muscle.
E)bony socket of the eye.

Question 62

The serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity is the

A)pleura.
B)peritoneum.
C)pericardium.
D)periosteum.
E)perichondrium.

Question 63

A tissue with a gel matrix and cells inside lacunae is

A)areolar connective tissue.
B)cartilage.
C)bone.
D)epithelium.
E)dense regular connective tissue.

Question 64

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

A)mucous
B)serous
C)cutaneous
D)synovial
E)pleural

Question 65

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of

A)cutaneous membranes.
B)mucous membranes.
C)serous membranes.
D)synovial membranes.
E)the lamina propria.

Question 66

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.

A)connective
B)neural
C)areolar
D)osseous
E)epithelial

Question 67

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is ________ tissue.

A)loose connective
B)dense connective
C)epithelial
D)nerve
E)muscle

Question 68

Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of

A)epithelial tissue.
B)cartilage.
C)areolar tissue.
D)elastic connective tissue.
E)adipose tissue.

Question 69

The muscle tissue that shows no striations is ________ muscle.

A)skeletal
B)cardiac
C)smooth
D)voluntary
E)multinucleated

Question 70

The framework of connective tissue between the skin and underlying muscles is called the

A)dermis.
B)superficial fascia.
C)deep fascia.
D)subcutaneous layer.
E)subserous fascia.

Question 71

Unlike cartilage,bone

A)is a connective tissue.
B)has a matrix that contains collagen.
C)is highly vascular.
D)has an outer covering.
E)has cells within lacunae.

Question 72

Which type of connective tissue is found in the trachea and between the ribs and sternum?

A)areolar connective tissue
B)hyaline cartilage
C)elastic cartilage
D)fibrous cartilage
E)dense regular connective tissue

Question 73

Cartilage is separated from surrounding tissues by a fibrous

A)perichondrium.
B)ground substance.
C)periosteum.
D)chondroplasm.
E)matrix.

Question 74

Osseous tissue is also called

A)cartilage.
B)fat.
C)cellulite.
D)bone.
E)ligament.

Question 75

Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?

A)fluid connective tissue
B)dense connective tissue
C)supporting connective tissue
D)loose connective tissue
E)adipose tissue

Question 76

Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?

A)superficial fascia
B)hypodermis
C)deep fascia
D)subserous fascia
E)subcutaneous layer

Question 77

Intercalated discs and pacemaker cells are characteristic of ________ tissue.

A)smooth muscle
B)cardiac muscle
C)skeletal muscle
D)all types of muscle
E)nerve

Question 78

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

A)blood.
B)epithelium.
C)fat.
D)bone.
E)neural tissue.

Question 79

The term transudate describes fluid associated with

A)mucus membranes.
B)mammary glands.
C)cutaneous membranes.
D)serous membranes.
E)endocrine glands.

Question 80

Myosatellite cells are found in association with ________ muscle.

A)skeletal
B)smooth
C)cardiac
D)involuntary
E)both smooth and cardiac