Deck 5: The Integumentary System

Question 1

Water loss due to evaporation of fluid that has penetrated through the skin is called ________ perspiration.

A)sensible
B)insensible
C)latent
D)active
E)inactive

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Water loss from insensible perspiration

A)is unaffected by damage to the epidermis.
B)is too small to be measured reliably.
C)is approximately 0.5 liters a day.
D)always exceeds sensible perspiration.
E)depends on apocrine sweat glands.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Thin skin contains ________ epidermal layer(s)and thick skin contains ________ layers.

A)1; 2
B)2; 3
C)3; 4
D)4; 5
E)5; 6

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The tough superficial layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum

A)corneum.
B)lucidum.
C)basale.
D)granulosum.
E)spinosum.

Question 5

All of the following are true of the pigment melanin,except that it

A)decreases in concentration within cells during exposure to the sun.
B)is usually some shade of brown or black.
C)protects DNA from the damaging effects of UV radiation.
D)is produced from the amino acid tyrosine.
E)is produced by cells called melanocytes.

Question 6

While walking barefoot on the beach,Joe stepped on a thorn that penetrated through the sole of his foot to the dermis.How many layers of epidermis did the thorn penetrate?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 7

________ are cells in the epidermis that are part of the immune system.

A)Dendritic cells
B)Basal cells
C)Merkel cells
D)Squamous cells
E)Melanocytes

Question 8

The epidermis of the skin is composed of what type of tissue?

A)keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
B)simple squamous epithelium
C)transitional epithelium
D)areolar connective tissue
E)nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 9

Characteristics of the epidermis include

A)multilayered.
B)flexible.
C)contains desmosomes.
D)serves as UV radiation protection.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 10

The type of cells that form the strata in the epidermis are

A)adipocytes.
B)keratinocytes.
C)fibroblasts.
D)melanocytes.
E)dendritic cells.

Question 11

The layer of the skin that provides a barrier against bacteria as well as chemical and mechanical injuries is the

A)dermis.
B)subcutaneous layer.
C)epidermis.
D)stratum basale.
E)sebaceous layer.

Question 12

The primary pigments contained in the epidermis are

A)carotene,hemoglobin,and xanthophyll.
B)carotene,melanin,and hemoglobin.
C)melanin,chromatin,and chlorophyll.
D)xanthophyll,hemoglobin,and melanin.
E)melanin,carotene,and chromatin.

Question 13

All of the following are true of epidermal ridges except that they

A)extend into the hypodermis.
B)increase surface area and friction on fingertips.
C)cause ridge patterns on the surface of the skin.
D)produce patterns that are determined partially genetically.
E)interconnect with the dermal papillae.

Question 14

An albino individual lacks the ability to produce

A)melanin.
B)keratin.
C)carotene.
D)perspiration.
E)eleidin.

Question 15

Large quantities of keratin are found in the epidermal layer called the stratum

A)corneum.
B)lucidum.
C)basale.
D)granulosum.
E)spinosum.

Question 16

The protein that reduces water loss at the skin surface is

A)eleidin.
B)collagen.
C)mucin.
D)keratin.
E)melanin.

Question 17

The layer of the epidermis that contains abundant desmosomes is the stratum

A)corneum.
B)lucidum.
C)basale.
D)granulosum.
E)spinosum.

Question 18

The two components of the integumentary system are the

A)epidermis and dermis.
B)cutaneous membrane and hypodermis.
C)cutaneous membrane and accessory structures.
D)integument and hypodermis.
E)epidermis and superficial fascia.

Question 19

Each of the following is a function of the integumentary system except

A)protection of underlying tissue.
B)excretion of salts and wastes.
C)maintenance of body temperature.
D)synthesis of vitamin C.
E)detection of sensations.

Question 20

The layer of stem cells that constantly divide to renew the epidermis is the

A)stratum corneum.
B)stratum basale.
C)papillary layer.
D)basal lamina.
E)stratum granulosum.

Question 21

A surgical incision parallel to the lines of cleavage

A)closes and heals with relatively little scarring.
B)has a tendency to reopen.
C)heals slower than incisions made perpendicular to the lines of cleavage.
D)does not affect the healing process.
E)requires no sutures.

Question 22

Jaundice is indicated by a(n)________ skin coloration.

A)reddish
B)yellowish
C)orange
D)bluish
E)brown

Question 23

Types of skin cancers include

A)squamous cell carcinoma.
B)malignant melanoma.
C)basal cell carcinoma.
D)actinic keratosis.
E)A,B,and C

Question 24

Cyanosis signifies that a patient has

A)had too much sun.
B)been kept out of the sun.
C)an allergic reaction.
D)oxygen-starved skin.
E)been exposed to cyanide.

Question 25

Exposure to ultraviolet light (sunlight)causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of

A)hemoglobin.
B)carotene.
C)collagen.
D)keratin.
E)melanin.

Question 26

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
From what structure does sensible perspiration occur?

A)6
B)7
C)8
D)9
E)10

Question 27

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which layer is the primary barrier against environmental hazards?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 28

Epidermal growth factor exerts which of these effects on the epidermis?

A)promotes cell division
B)stimulates keratin synthesis
C)accelerates tissue repair
D)speeds up glandular function
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

The layer of the skin that contains the blood vessels and nerves that are closest to the surface of the skin is the ________ layer.

A)papillary
B)reticular
C)epidermal
D)subcutaneous
E)hypodermal

Question 30

Stretch marks occur when

A)the skin is stretched in normal movements.
B)surgical incisions are made perpendicular to the skin's lines of cleavage.
C)the skin is so extensively stretched that its elastic limits are exceeded.
D)athletes overextend a muscle.
E)individual epidermal layers separate.

Question 31

Which of the following is formed in the skin when it is exposed to sunlight?

A)vitamin A
B)vitamin B
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)vitamin E

Question 32

Skin inflammation that primarily involves the papillary layer is termed

A)papillitis.
B)dermatitis.
C)epidermatitis.
D)superficialis.
E)melanocytis.

Question 33

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which layer contains most of the accessory structures?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 34

The layer of the skin that contains bundles of collagen and elastic fibers responsible for the strength of the skin is the ________ layer.

A)papillary
B)reticular
C)epidermal
D)subcutaneous
E)hypodermal

Question 35

Which of the following is not an effect of ultraviolet radiation?

A)increased activity by melanocytes
B)production of cholecalciferol within epidermal cells
C)reduced amounts of elastic fibers in the dermis
D)chromosomal damage in germinative cells or melanocytes
E)loss in skin pigmentation as seen in vitiligo

Question 36

While assessing a patient,you discover that after pinching the skin on the back of the hand,it remains peaked.This is a sign of

A)hydration intoxication.
B)water intoxication.
C)dehydration.
D)advanced skin cancer.
E)malfunctioning elastin.

Question 37

The protein that permits stretching and recoiling of the skin is

A)collagen.
B)melanin.
C)keratin.
D)elastin.
E)carotene.

Question 38

The ________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.

A)sebum
B)hemoglobin
C)melanin
D)carotene
E)keratin

Question 39

Children in northern regions experience months of inadequate sunlight exposure on the skin.To prevent possible abnormal bone development,what essential organic nutrient is necessary in the diet?

A)vitamin C
B)calcium
C)cholecalciferol
D)protein
E)retinol-A

Question 40

Which of the following statements about rickets is not true?

A)It is usually genetic.
B)It leads to weak bones.
C)It leads to skeletal deformity.
D)It is prevented by vitamin D.
E)It is prevented by sunlight.

Question 41

The highest concentration of merocrine sweat glands is found

A)in the axillae.
B)on the chest.
C)on the palms of the hands.
D)on the upper back.
E)surrounding the genitals.

Question 42

When the arrector pili muscles contract,

A)"goose bumps" are formed.
B)hairs are shed.
C)sweat is released from sweat glands.
D)shivering occurs.
E)the skin changes color.

Question 43

The layer of hard keratin that coats the hair is termed the

A)medulla.
B)cuticle.
C)hair bulb.
D)root.
E)shaft.

Question 44

All of the following are true of the subcutaneous layer except it

A)contains many blood vessels.
B)permits independent movement of deeper structures.
C)contains large amounts of adipose tissue.
D)is attached to the dermis by a basement membrane.
E)is well supplied with nerves that pass into the skin.

Question 45

Earwax is produced by ________ glands.

A)sebaceous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)ceruminous
E)eccrine sweat

Question 46

________ sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface,________ glands are located wherever hair follicles exist,and ________ sweat glands are found only in a few areas.

A)Sebaceous; merocrine; apocrine
B)Apocrine; merocrine; sebaceous
C)Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine
D)Merocrine; apocrine; sebaceous
E)Apocrine; sebaceous; merocrine

Question 47

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Which tissue is located in the region labeled "2"?

A)stratified squamous epithelium
B)areolar connective tissue
C)adipose tissue
D)cartilage and blood
E)reticular connective tissues

Question 48

Which of the following statements concerning hair is false?

A)The medulla is the soft core of the hair.
B)The cortex of the hair is composed of hard keratin.
C)Terminal hairs are heavy and more darkly pigmented than other types of hair.
D)Club hair is hair that has ceased growing.
E)Scalp hairs grow constantly throughout life.

Question 49

Accessory structures of the skin include all of the following except

A)hair follicles.
B)sebaceous glands.
C)sweat glands.
D)epidermis.
E)nails.

Question 50

A common cause of dandruff is

A)inflammation around sebaceous glands.
B)lack of sebaceous glands.
C)too many sebaceous glands.
D)inactive apocrine glands.
E)inactive eccrine glands.

Question 51

Which of the following is correct about Lanugo hairs?

A)also known as "peach fuzz"
B)persists throughout the entire life
C)deeply pigmented and somewhat coarse
D)exists primarily in fetuses
E)never found on the feet

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning sebaceous glands and sebum is false?

A)Most sebaceous glands are coiled tubular glands.
B)Most sebaceous glands open into hair follicles.
C)Sebum functions to lubricate the hair and skin.
D)Sebum can function as an antibiotic.
E)Acne involves inflammation of sebaceous glands.

Question 53

Sensible perspiration is produced by ________ glands.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)mammary

Question 54

Figure 5-1 The Components of the Integumentary System
Use Figure 5-1 to answer the following questions:
Adipose tissue is a major component of the region labeled

A)1)
B)2)
C)3)
D)4)
E)5)

Question 55

Merocrine sweat contains ________ to protect against bacteria.

A)metabolic wastes
B)water
C)penicillin
D)dermicidin
E)organic nutrients

Question 56

Glands that discharge an oily secretion into hair follicles are ________ glands.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)mammary

Question 57

Variations in hair color reflect differences in the pigment produced by

A)keratinocytes.
B)melanocytes.
C)dermal papillae.
D)soft keratin.
E)carotene cells.

Question 58

If the papilla of a hair follicle is destroyed,

A)the hair produced by the follicle will change from terminal to vellus.
B)the color of the hair will become lighter.
C)the texture of the hair will become coarser.
D)the hair matrix will lose its blood supply.
E)hair production will not be affected.

Question 59

Which statement about hairs is false?

A)Eyebrows are terminal hairs.
B)Terminal hairs are in the axilla.
C)Vellus hairs are on the limbs of children until puberty.
D)A terminal hair can detach but remain in the hair follicle as a club hair.
E)Club hairs are ingrown hairs.

Question 60

The ________ glands in the axilla become active at the time of puberty.

A)ceruminous
B)apocrine sweat
C)merocrine sweat
D)sebaceous
E)axillary

Question 61

A child who skins his knee in a fall has a(n)

A)abrasion.
B)laceration.
C)puncture.
D)incision.
E)contusion.

Question 62

If a fair-skinned person is sunburned,why does his or her skin turn red?

A)The blood flow to the skin increases.
B)The number of red melanocytes in the skin increases.
C)Melanocytes increase production of red pigments.
D)Carotene production greatly increases.
E)Decreased heat causes the skin to turn red.

Question 63

Charlie is badly burned in an accident.When he reaches the emergency room,the examining physician finds that he can remove entire hair follicles from Charlie's arm when he gently pulls on a hair with his forceps.Charlie is suffering from a(n)________ burn.

A)first-degree
B)second-degree
C)third-degree
D)partial-thickness
E)epidermal

Question 64

The following are stages in the regeneration of skin following an injury.What is the correct order for these events?
1) inflammation
2) cellular migration
3) epidermis covers granulation tissue
4) epidermis covers scar tissue

A)1,2,3,4
B)4,3,2,1
C)4,3,1,2
D)3,4,1,2
E)2,4,1,3

Question 65

The nail body covers the

A)nail root.
B)nail bed.
C)lunula.
D)free edge.
E)hyponychium.

Question 66

The type of burn that may require a skin graft is a ________ burn.

A)first-degree
B)second-degree
C)third-degree
D)partial-thickness
E)epidermal

Question 67

Scar tissue is the result of

A)large numbers of collagen fibers and relatively few blood vessels in the injured area.
B)increased numbers of keratinocytes in the epidermal layers in the area of the injury.
C)a thickened stratum basale in the area of the injury.
D)increased numbers of fibroblasts in the reticular layer of the injured area.
E)a lack of sebaceous glands in the injured area.

Question 68

A full-thickness burn injury can be life threatening.A physician treating a burn victim would likely order all of the following except

A)IV (intravenous)fluids and electrolytes.
B)ice packs applied to the burn area.
C)a high-calorie diet.
D)skin grafts.
E)antibiotics.

Question 69

Merocrine sweat glands

A)are compound alveolar glands.
B)produce organic secretions that are metabolized by bacteria to produce body odor.
C)secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin.
D)increase in number and activity with aging.
E)primarily function in lubricating the hairs.

Question 70

The effects of aging on the skin include

A)a decline in the activity of sebaceous glands.
B)increased production of vitamin D.
C)thickening of the epidermis.
D)an increased blood supply to the dermis.
E)a decreased number of sweat glands.

Question 71

The cuticle around a nail is the

A)eponychium.
B)hyponychium.
C)free edge.
D)perinychium.
E)lunula.

Question 72

Skin can regenerate effectively even after considerable damage has occurred because

A)the epidermis of the skin has a rich supply of small blood vessels.
B)stem cells persist in the skin even after injury.
C)fibroblasts in the dermis can give rise to new germinal cells in the epidermis.
D)contraction in the area of the injury brings cells of adjacent strata together.
E)cells of the stratum basale cannot migrate to other positions in the skin.

Question 73

The stratum corneum just under the free edge of a nail is the

A)hyponychium.
B)lunula.
C)eponychium.
D)nail root.
E)cuticle.

Question 74

During repair of the integument,fibroblasts follow areas of new capillary growth and produce ________ tissue.

A)scar
B)epithelial
C)granulation
D)pus
E)keloid

Question 75

Which of the following happens if body temperature rises above normal?

A)Circulation in the skin decreases.
B)Sweat gland activity decreases.
C)Evaporative cooling stops.
D)Blood flow to the skin increases.
E)The activity of melanocytes increases.

Question 76

All of the following are true of perspiration produced by merocrine sweat glands except that it

A)is more than 99 percent water.
B)contains electrolytes and waste products.
C)helps cool the body when it evaporates.
D)helps to prevent bacteria from colonizing the skin.
E)produces the body odor characteristic of "sweating."

Question 77

Wrinkles in individuals are the result of

A)increased production of epidermal layers.
B)loss of elastic fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis.
C)increased keratinization of the epidermis.
D)the loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin.
E)decreased thickness of the dermis.

Question 78

Nail production occurs at the nail

A)body.
B)bed.
C)root.
D)cuticle.
E)hyponychium.

Question 79

Treatment of full-thickness burns includes which of the following?

A)replacing fluids
B)increasing caloric intake
C)preventing infection
D)assisting tissue repair
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 80

In a penetrating wound,________ divide to produce mobile cells that repair the dermis.

A)granulation cells
B)dendritic cells
C)macrophages
D)fibroblasts
E)muscle cells