Deck 14: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

A neural cortex is found on the surface of the

A)cerebrum.
B)pons.
C)thalamus.
D)midbrain.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

As you ascend from the medulla oblongata to the cerebrum,the functions of each successive level become

A)more complex.
B)simpler.
C)better understood.
D)more crucial to visceral functions.
E)critical to reflexes.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of these is not one of the main divisions of the adult brain?

A)cerebrum
B)diencephalon
C)prosencephalon
D)midbrain
E)pons

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brain stem?

A)medulla oblongata
B)pons
C)mesencephalon
D)diencephalon
E)cerebellum

Question 5

The dural sinuses are located in the

A)paranasal cavity.
B)arachnoid.
C)pia mater.
D)dural folds.
E)tentorium cerebelli.

Question 6

The most obvious feature that one notices about the cerebrum is the

A)smoothness of the surface of the cortex.
B)extensiveness of the gyri and sulci.
C)small size of it compared to other brain areas.
D)transverse fissure running through it.
E)color of the cerebrum compared to the other brain areas.

Question 7

What structure is covered by many blood vessels and adheres tightly to the surface of the brain?

A)pia mater
B)arachnoid
C)dura mater
D)cranial plexus
E)choroid plexus

Question 8

The ventricle associated with the pons and upper medulla is the

A)first.
B)second.
C)third.
D)fourth.
E)lateral.

Question 9

Male brains are typically ________ compared to female brains.

A)larger
B)smaller
C)the same size
D)very smooth
E)more convoluted

Question 10

During embryonic development,which of the following secondary brain vesicles will form the cerebrum?

A)telencephalon
B)diencephalon
C)mesencephalon
D)metencephalon
E)myelencephalon

Question 11

The adult human brain contains almost ________ of the body's neural tissue.

A)15 percent
B)25 percent
C)68 percent
D)97 percent
E)35 percent

Question 12

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

A)hypothalamus.
B)thalamus.
C)brain stem.
D)mesencephalon.
E)myelencephalon.

Question 13

The thin partition that separates the first and second ventricles is the

A)falx cerebri.
B)septum pellucidum.
C)septum insula.
D)interventricular foramina.
E)cerebral aqueduct.

Question 14

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure,heart rate,and digestion are located in the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)pons.
C)mesencephalon.
D)diencephalon.
E)cerebellum.

Question 15

The third and fourth ventricles are linked by a slender canal designated as the

A)central canal.
B)tentorium cerebelli.
C)cerebral aqueduct.
D)interventricular foramina.
E)pontine canal.

Question 16

The cerebellum and pons develop from the

A)telencephalon.
B)diencephalon.
C)mesencephalon.
D)metencephalon.
E)myelencephalon.

Question 17

Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus.

A)epididymal
B)ependymal
C)appended
D)astrocytes
E)blood

Question 18

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

A)cerebellum
B)medulla oblongata
C)cerebrum
D)pons
E)hypothalamus

Question 19

The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)pons.
C)mesencephalon.
D)diencephalon.
E)thalamus.

Question 20

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

A)medulla oblongata.
B)pons.
C)midbrain.
D)thalamus.
E)cerebellum.

Question 21

Ependymal cells work to

A)surround the capillaries of the choroid plexus.
B)secrete CSF into the ventricles.
C)remove waste products from CSF.
D)adjust the composition of CSF.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 22

The cells that cover the outer surfaces of CNS capillary endothelial cells are the

A)blastocytes.
B)astrocytes.
C)monocytes.
D)leukocytes.
E)lymphocytes.

Question 23

The dural fold that projects into the longitudinal fissure between cerebral hemispheres is called the

A)dural sinus.
B)falx cerebri.
C)tentorium cerebelli.
D)falx cerebelli.
E)choroid plexus.

Question 24

Which statement is true regarding cerebrospinal fluid?

A)CSF is identical in composition to blood plasma.
B)CSF is made during fetal development and does not change through the lifetime of the person.
C)There is about a liter of CSF within the brain and spinal cord.
D)If CSF is not properly resorbed,the result would be hydrocephalus.
E)CSF moves back into the blood supply by the process of osmosis.

Question 25

Hydrocephalus,or "water on the brain," may result from

A)deficient production of cerebrospinal fluid.
B)excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid.
C)blockage of circulation of CSF.
D)excessive water intake.
E)blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

Question 26

What contains a spider web-like network of cells and fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid flows?

A)subdural space
B)dural sinus
C)falx cerebri
D)subarachnoid space
E)pia mater

Question 27

Which of the following help to protect the brain?

A)the blood-brain barrier
B)the bones of the skull
C)the cranial meninges
D)the CSF
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain?

A)Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas.
B)There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges,but not with the cranial meninges.
C)The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord.
D)There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges.
E)The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain,not within the spinal cord.

Question 29

Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier?

A)The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions.
B)It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds.
C)Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries.
D)It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 30

The choroid plexus is composed of

A)lymphatic vessels.
B)blood vessels.
C)nerve fibers.
D)ganglia.
E)subarachnoid granulations.

Question 31

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "3."

A)arbor vitae
B)corpora quadrigemina
C)cerebral aqueduct
D)pons
E)diencephalon

Question 32

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled " 1."

A)choroid plexus
B)cerebral aqueduct
C)third ventricle
D)subarachnoid space
E)corpus callosum

Question 33

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
What is produced by the structure labeled "2"?

A)cerebrospinal fluid
B)neurotransmitters
C)white matter
D)hormones
E)red blood cells

Question 34

Cerebrospinal fluid

A)is secreted by ependymal cells.
B)is formed by a passive process.
C)is normally produced twice as fast as it is removed.
D)has almost the same composition as blood plasma.
E)contains blood cells and blood plasma.

Question 35

The layer of the meninges that closely follows every gyrus and sulcus is the

A)pia mater.
B)dura mater.
C)arachnoid membrane.
D)neural cortex.
E)subarachnoid mater.

Question 36

The brain requires a substantial blood supply.The vessels that deliver blood to the brain are the

A)external carotid arteries.
B)facial arteries.
C)jugular veins.
D)internal carotid and vertebral arteries.
E)dural sinuses.

Question 37

A brain hemorrhage is life-threatening because

A)neurological changes will occur.
B)some areas of the brain will not be receiving blood.
C)the person can lose consciousness.
D)the pressure increase within the space can distort and potentially damage brain tissue.
E)All of these problems are related to brain hemorrhages.

Question 38

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "4."

A)cerebral aqueduct
B)lateral ventricle
C)lateral aperture
D)4ᵗʰ ventricle
E)choroid plexus

Question 39

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

A)provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues
B)provides buoyant support for the brain
C)acts as a transport medium for nutrients
D)provides ATP for impulse transmission
E)acts as a transport medium for waste products

Question 40

Cerebrospinal fluid enters the blood circulation at the

A)jugular veins.
B)dural drain.
C)arachnoid granulations.
D)tentorium cerebelli.
E)frontal sinus.

Question 41

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the

A)cerebrum.
B)cerebellum.
C)diencephalon.
D)medulla oblongata.
E)heart.

Question 42

The medulla oblongata regulates

A)somatic motor contractions.
B)food intake.
C)auditory reflexes.
D)vision and hearing
E)blood pressure and respiration.

Question 43

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "9."

A)dura mater
B)superior sagittal sinus
C)lateral ventricle
D)subarachnoid space
E)arachnoid granulation

Question 44

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the

A)flocculonodular lobe.
B)arbor vitae.
C)folia.
D)vermis.
E)pyramid.

Question 45

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the

A)tegmenta.
B)corpora quadrigemina.
C)cerebral peduncles.
D)superior colliculi.
E)inferior colliculi.

Question 46

Jane,a 79-year-old woman,has been diagnosed with a tumor in the brain.She has lost some sensory and motor functions associated with the face,like control of facial muscles for emotion and various sensory functions like taste.In addition,she has some hearing loss and balance problems.The location of the tumor is likely to be the

A)cerebellum.
B)cerebrum.
C)medulla.
D)thalamus.
E)pons.

Question 47

Damage to the medulla oblongata can result in death because

A)electrical activity originates within the medulla.
B)the vital centers for blood pressure,heart rate,and breathing are located there.
C)the blood might not be able to circulated properly around the brain.
D)control of body temperature and thermoregulation are its functions.
E)digestive processes are controlled by the medulla.

Question 48

Overseeing the postural muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the

A)cerebrum.
B)mesencephalon.
C)cerebellum.
D)pons.
E)medulla oblongata.

Question 49

The structure of the brain that carries ascending sensory information to the thalamus is the

A)midbrain.
B)cerebral aqueduct.
C)4ᵗʰ ventricle.
D)basal ganglion.
E)cerebellum.

Question 50

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol.The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as

A)ataxia.
B)aphasia.
C)dysphagia.
D)Parkinson's.
E)epilepsy.

Question 51

If the pons was damaged,which of the following functions would be affected?

A)breathing
B)control of blood pressure
C)coordination
D)sleep patterns
E)judgment

Question 52

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "10."

A)arbor vitae
B)central canal
C)corpus callosum
D)pons
E)diencephalon

Question 53

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the

A)substantia nigra.
B)red nuclei.
C)cerebral peduncles.
D)superior colliculi.
E)inferior colliculi.

Question 54

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the

A)flocculonodular lobe.
B)arbor vitae.
C)folia.
D)vermis.
E)pyramid.

Question 55

The presence of many large,highly-branched Purkinje cells in a sample of brain tissue indicates that it came from the

A)pons.
B)medulla.
C)cerebral cortex.
D)cerebellar cortex.
E)arbor vitae.

Question 56

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "8."

A)pia mater
B)dura mater
C)corpus callosum
D)ventricles
E)arachnoid granulation

Question 57

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A)choroid plexus
B)fourth ventricle
C)lateral ventricle
D)cerebral aqueduct
E)subarachnoid space

Question 58

Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in

A)increased consciousness.
B)sleep.
C)coma.
D)decreased cerebral function.
E)coughing.

Question 59

The respiratory rhythmicity center is located in the

A)pons.
B)cerebrum.
C)medulla oblongata.
D)cerebellum.
E)midbrain.

Question 60

Figure 14-1 The Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Use Figure 14-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A)dura mater
B)lateral ventricle
C)fourth ventricle
D)subarachnoid space
E)filum terminale

Question 61

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

A)secrete cerebrospinal fluid
B)secrete melatonin
C)process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum
D)store memories
E)regulate food intake

Question 62

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with

A)control of autonomic function.
B)regulation of body temperature.
C)visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.
D)conscious control of skeletal muscles.
E)control of breathing.

Question 63

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

A)produces ADH
B)controls autonomic centers
C)regulates body temperature
D)secretes oxytocin
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 64

The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because

A)it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it.
B)it communicates with all other endocrine organs of the body.
C)it produces enzymes that are involved in the production of hormones.
D)its autonomic controls also run all of the endocrine organs.
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 65

The tectum of the mesencephalon contains the

A)substantia nigra.
B)red nuclei.
C)superior and inferior colliculi.
D)cerebral peduncles.
E)basal ganglia.

Question 66

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the

A)pulvinar.
B)lateral geniculates.
C)medial geniculates.
D)supraoptic nuclei.
E)paraventricular nuclei.

Question 67

Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies?

A)controls reflex eating movements
B)processes olfactory information
C)located in posterior hypothalamus
D)shaped like little breasts
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 68

The anterior nuclei of the thalamus

A)are part of the limbic system.
B)secrete pituitary hormones.
C)secrete melatonin.
D)receive axon collaterals from the optic nerve.
E)secrete pituitary hormones and melatonin.

Question 69

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger.Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders.In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located?

A)prefrontal cortex
B)postcentral gyrus
C)basal nuclei
D)hypothalamus
E)reticular formation

Question 70

The pineal gland is part of the

A)hypothalamus.
B)diencephalon.
C)midbrain.
D)mesencephalon.
E)3ʳᵈ ventricle.

Question 71

The corpora quadrigemina is composed of the

A)four cerebral lobes.
B)superior and inferior colliculi.
C)first four cranial nerves.
D)the 4ᵗʰ cranial nerve.
E)two superior cerebellar peduncles and the two inferior cerebellar peduncles.

Question 72

Examination of a tissue sample from the central nervous system reveals many darkly pigmented cells.This tissue probably came from the

A)nucleus gracilis.
B)nucleus cuneatus.
C)motor cortex.
D)substantia nigra.
E)red nucleus.

Question 73

The medial nuclei of the thalamus

A)are part of the limbic system.
B)connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the frontal lobe.
C)produce the hormone oxytocin.
D)process visual information.
E)process olfactory information.

Question 74

The ________ filters and relays sensory information to cerebral cortex.

A)cerebrum
B)thalamus
C)pons
D)medulla oblongata
E)cerebellum

Question 75

Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus?

A)contains the mammillary body
B)forms the roof of the diencephalon
C)processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum
D)forms the cerebrum
E)creates the lateral ventricles

Question 76

The mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus

A)regulate lactation.
B)secrete oxytocin.
C)control feeding reflexes.
D)control heart rate and blood pressure.
E)secrete antidiuretic hormone.

Question 77

The posterior nuclei of the thalamus includes the

A)basal nuclei.
B)lateral and medial geniculate nuclei.
C)mamillary body.
D)interthalamic adhesion.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 78

The reflex movement of the head toward a loud noise is directed by the mesencephalon.Which nuclei accomplish this?

A)substantia nigra
B)red nuclei
C)tectum
D)superior colliculi
E)inferior colliculi

Question 79

Damage to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus leads to which problem?

A)an intense thirst
B)an uncontrolled sex drive
C)reduced ability to regulate body temperature
D)an insatiable appetite
E)production of a large volume of urine

Question 80

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it

A)controls the autonomic functions of the body,such as the fight-or-flight response.
B)determines what can enter the brain from the blood.
C)controls reflexes.
D)determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.
E)passes motor information on to the cerebellum.