Deck 19: Blood

Question 1

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be

A)hypovolemic.
B)hypervolemic.
C)normovolemic.
D)isovolemic.
E)antivolemic.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg.What would her approximate blood volume be?

A)6)6 L
B)6)0 L
C)5)6 L
D)4)8 L
E)3)8 L

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following statements about blood is false?

A)Blood contains buffers that control pH.
B)The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.
C)Blood is more viscous than water.
D)Blood is about 55 percent plasma.
E)Cells in blood comprise the formed elements.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The most abundant component of plasma is

A)ions.
B)proteins.
C)water.
D)gases.
E)nutrients.

Question 5

A typical adult hematocrit is

A)85.
B)75.
C)65.
D)45.
E)25.

Question 6

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A)metalloprotein
B)steroid-binding
C)hormone-binding
D)apolipoprotein
E)transport albumin

Question 7

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of

A)water.
B)electrolytes.
C)nitrogen wastes.
D)proteins.
E)glucose.

Question 8

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called

A)serum.
B)lymph.
C)whole blood.
D)extracellular fluid.
E)packed blood.

Question 9

Plasma is closest in composition to

A)urine.
B)isotonic saline solution.
C)sterile water.
D)CSF.
E)interstitial fluid.

Question 10

Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from

A)the heart.
B)a superficial artery.
C)a superficial vein.
D)a capillary.
E)an arteriole.

Question 11

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood,except a

A)temperature of approximately 38 degrees Celsius.
B)viscosity about the same as water.
C)pH of 7.4.
D)built-in system for clotting.
E)red color from hemoglobin.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the blood?

A)transport of nutrients and wastes
B)transport of body heat
C)transport of gases
D)defense against toxins and pathogens
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood?

A)RBCs
B)platelets
C)antibodies
D)lymphocytes
E)basophils

Question 14

The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.

A)10
B)6 to 8
C)5)3
D)4)4
E)3)8

Question 15

Consider the following results from a blood lab test.Which value is most likely abnormal?

A)RBCs-5.2 million/µl
B)platelets-280,000/µl
C)leukocytes-8600/µl
D)hemoglobin-10.7 g/100 ml
E)hematocrit-44 percent

Question 16

When checking the efficiency of gas exchange,it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from

A)the heart.
B)the lungs.
C)an artery.
D)a vein.
E)capillaries.

Question 17

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

A)55; 92
B)92; 7
C)92; 55
D)45; 55
E)50; 50

Question 18

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

A)55 percent
B)30 percent
C)60 percent
D)45 percent
E)20 percent

Question 19

A hematocrit provides information on

A)blood type.
B)clotting factors.
C)formed elements abundance.
D)plasma composition.
E)sedimentation rate.

Question 20

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the

A)viscosity.
B)specific gravity.
C)packed volume.
D)hematocrit.
E)differential cell count.

Question 21

A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is

A)albumin alpha.
B)fibrinogen.
C)immunoglobulin A.
D)metalloprotein D.
E)lipoprotein C.

Question 22

Surgical removal of the stomach could cause

A)hemophilia.
B)pernicious anemia.
C)thrombocytopenia.
D)leukocytosis.
E)jaundice.

Question 23

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains,you would expect

A)a drop in atmospheric oxygen levels.
B)the release of erythropoietin.
C)a rise in hematocrit.
D)an increase in red blood cell production.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?

A)pancreas
B)heart
C)kidney
D)brain
E)liver

Question 25

The function of red blood cells is to

A)carry oxygen from the cells to the lungs.
B)carry carbon dioxide from the lungs to the body's cells.
C)carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells.
D)defend the body against infectious organisms.
E)carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.

Question 26

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except

A)anemia.
B)high altitude.
C)as a consequence of hemorrhage.
D)periods of fasting.
E)when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted.

Question 27

Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood.The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood.This value indicates that

A)she is suffering from anemia.
B)she has fewer red blood cells than normal.
C)her hematocrit is probably lower than normal.
D)she may be suffering from a form of leukemia.
E)her hemoglobin level is normal.

Question 28

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone

A)thymosin.
B)angiotensin.
C)erythropoietin.
D)M-CSF.
E)renin.

Question 29

All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the

A)heart.
B)thymus.
C)spleen.
D)red bone marrow.
E)lymph tissue.

Question 30

In adults,the only site of red blood cell production,and the primary site of white blood cell formation,is the

A)liver.
B)spleen.
C)thymus.
D)red bone marrow.
E)yellow bone marrow.

Question 31

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?

A)hemoglobin
B)ferritin
C)hemosiderin
D)transferrin
E)ferritin,hemosiderin,and transferrin

Question 32

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are

A)globulins.
B)transport proteins.
C)albumins.
D)lipoproteins.
E)fibrinogens.

Question 33

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in

A)pernicious anemia.
B)renal anemia.
C)increased erythropoiesis.
D)decreased erythropoiesis.
E)increased sensitivity to vitamin K.

Question 34

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

A)the diet is deficient in iron.
B)there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin.
C)a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
D)red blood cells bind too much oxygen.
E)hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene.

Question 35

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the

A)albumins.
B)fibrinogens.
C)immunoglobulins.
D)metalloproteins.
E)lipoproteins.

Question 36

The average life span of a red blood cell is

A)24 hours.
B)1 month.
C)4 months.
D)about 1 year.
E)many years.

Question 37

Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?

A)Red cells are biconcave discs.
B)Red cells lack mitochondria.
C)Red cells are about 18 µm in diameter.
D)Red cells are specialized for carrying oxygen.
E)Red cells can form stacks called rouleaux.

Question 38

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products.She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency.Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?

A)aplastic anemia
B)vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
C)lack of intrinsic factor
D)vitamin K deficiency
E)vitamin B₆ deficiency

Question 39

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?

A)translipin
B)steroid-binding protein
C)hormone-binding protein
D)albumin
E)gamma globulin

Question 40

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?

A)metalloprotein
B)steroid-binding protein
C)hormone-binding protein
D)apolipoprotein
E)transport albumin

Question 41

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.

A)Erythroblasts
B)Normoblasts
C)Myeloblasts
D)Band cells
E)Reticulocytes

Question 42

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because

A)hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color.
B)the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.
C)bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise.
D)red blood cells are green when they leave circulation.
E)dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury.

Question 43

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the

A)spleen.
B)liver.
C)bone marrow.
D)digestive tract.
E)spleen,liver,and bone marrow.

Question 44

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

A)excreted by the kidneys.
B)excreted by the liver.
C)excreted by the intestines.
D)recycled to the red bone marrow.
E)stored in yellow bone marrow.

Question 45

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?

A)fibrocytes
B)platelets
C)reticulocytes
D)lymphocytes
E)neutrophils

Question 46

The waste product bilirubin is produced from

A)globin chains of hemoglobin.
B)heme molecules plus iron.
C)heme molecules lacking iron.
D)iron found in hemoglobin molecules.
E)abnormal proteins found in red blood cells.

Question 47

Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as

A)transferrin.
B)hemosiderin.
C)ferritin.
D)hemoglobin.
E)hemosiderin and ferritin.

Question 48

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

A)oxygen levels in the blood increase.
B)carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease.
C)blood flow to the kidney declines.
D)coagulation begins.
E)blood pressure increases.

Question 49

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

A)Polycythemia
B)Leukemia
C)Anemia
D)Leukopenia
E)Thrombocytopenia

Question 50

The process of red blood cell production is called

A)erythrocytosis.
B)erythropenia.
C)hemocytosis.
D)erythropoiesis.
E)hematopenia.

Question 51

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

A)albumin.
B)porphyrin.
C)hemoglobin.
D)immunoglobulin.
E)fibrinogen.

Question 52

The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as

A)hemocytoblasts.
B)reticulocytes.
C)band forms.
D)myeloid cells.
E)proerythrocytes.

Question 53

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?

A)during coagulation
B)an alcoholic with a damaged liver
C)iron-deficient diet
D)low hematocrit
E)low blood volume

Question 54

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

A)oral doses of iron.
B)injections of iron.
C)oral doses of vitamin B₁₂.
D)injections of vitamin B₁₂.
E)blood transfusion.

Question 55

The function of hemoglobin is to

A)carry dissolved blood gases.
B)carry bicarbonate ion.
C)aid in the process of blood clotting.
D)produce antibodies.
E)stimulate erythropoiesis.

Question 56

A red blood cell that contains excessive amounts of hemoglobin would be called

A)hyperchromic.
B)normochromic.
C)hypochromic.
D)normocytic.
E)macrocytic.

Question 57

In adults,erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

A)the liver.
B)yellow bone marrow.
C)red bone marrow.
D)the spleen.
E)lymphoid tissue.

Question 58

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of

A)magnesium.
B)calcium.
C)iron.
D)sodium.
E)copper.

Question 59

In adults,red bone marrow is located in the

A)sternum and ribs.
B)proximal epiphyses of long bones.
C)iliac crest.
D)body of vertebrae.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 60

If bile ducts are blocked,

A)more bilirubin appears in the plasma.
B)bilirubin appears in the saliva.
C)more hemolysis takes place.
D)more red blood cells are produced.
E)more white blood cells are produced.

Question 61

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the

A)neutrophils.
B)eosinophils.
C)platelets.
D)lymphocytes.
E)monocytes.

Question 62

Blood type is identified primarily by

A)the Kahn blood group.
B)the HB blood system.
C)the Rh blood group.
D)both the ABO and Rh blood groups.
E)the ABO blood group.

Question 63

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.

A)agglutinins; agglutinogens
B)agglutinogens; agglutinins
C)T-cells; B-cells
D)erythrogens; antibiotics
E)serum; plasma

Question 64

Each hemoglobin molecule contains

A)four alpha chains.
B)one alpha and one beta chain.
C)four iron atoms.
D)one heme group.
E)a molecule of oxygen and a molecule of carbon dioxide.

Question 65

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of

A)all individuals with type AB blood.
B)Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.
C)all Rh positive individuals.
D)Rh positive individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.
E)all Rh negative individuals.

Question 66

Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn?

A)mother Rh positive,baby Rh negative
B)mother Rh negative,baby Rh negative
C)mother Rh negative,baby Rh positive
D)mother type A+,baby type O+
E)None of the answers is correct.

Question 67

Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia?

A)10,000 WBC
B)3)5 million RBC
C)400,000 platelets
D)5)5 million RBC
E)A and D taken together

Question 68

The process of lymphopoiesis occurs mainly in the

A)spleen.
B)kidneys.
C)lymph nodes.
D)red bone marrow.
E)thymus.

Question 69

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

A)their blood cells lack A and B antigens.
B)their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
C)their blood is plentiful in A and B agglutinins.
D)they usually have very strong immune systems.
E)they are usually Rh negative.

Question 70

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

A)neutrophils.
B)eosinophils.
C)basophils.
D)lymphocytes.
E)monocytes.

Question 71

Bill wants to determine his blood type,so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera.His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera.What does this mean?

A)Bill could receive type B-negative blood in a transfusion.
B)Bill could donate blood to an individual with type O blood.
C)Bill is Rh positive.
D)Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.
E)Bill's red blood cells contain the O surface antigen.

Question 72

Granulocytes form in

A)the intestines.
B)the spleen.
C)the thymus.
D)red bone marrow.
E)yellow bone marrow.

Question 73

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics?

A)RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies.
B)RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
C)RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
D)RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies.
E)RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody.

Question 74

All of the following are true of neutrophils except that they are

A)granular leukocytes.
B)phagocytic.
C)also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
D)important in coagulation.
E)active in fighting bacterial infections.

Question 75

A person's blood type is determined by the

A)size of the RBCs.
B)volume of the RBCs.
C)chemical character of the hemoglobin.
D)presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
E)shape of the RBCs.

Question 76

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are

A)neutrophils.
B)eosinophils.
C)basophils.
D)lymphocytes.
E)monocytes.

Question 77

Soon after donating 0.5 liters of blood,one would expect

A)an increased reticulocyte count.
B)an increased platelet count.
C)an increased erythrocyte count.
D)an increased neutrophil count.
E)increased levels of clotting factors.

Question 78

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?

A)adheres to collagen beneath endothelium
B)helper cells are one type
C)hormone that regulates white blood cell formation
D)kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide
E)often elevated in allergic individuals

Question 79

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.

A)Neutrophils
B)Eosinophils
C)Basophils
D)Lymphocytes
E)Monocytes

Question 80

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from

A)excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma.
B)extensive breakdown of RBCs.
C)destruction of hemoglobin.
D)the recycling of hemoglobin.
E)All of the answers are correct.