Deck 20: The Heart

Question 1

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the

A)right atrium.
B)right ventricle.
C)left atrium.
D)left ventricle.
E)conus arteriosus.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The heart pumps approximately ________ liters of blood each day.

A)8,000
B)15,000
C)20,000
D)50,000
E)100,000

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The earlike extension of the atrium is the

A)ventricle.
B)coronary sinus.
C)coronary sulcus.
D)auricle.
E)atricle.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells differ in a few ways.Which of the following is not one of them?

A)Cardiac muscle cells are smaller in size.
B)Cardiac muscle cells have a single,centered nucleus.
C)Cardiac muscle cells branch.
D)Skeletal muscle cells lack intercalated discs.
E)Cardiac muscle cells lack transverse tubules.

Question 5

Intercalated discs serve to transfer ________ from cell to cell.

A)ionic currents
B)action potentials
C)the force of contraction
D)electrical signals
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

The coronary sulcus is a groove that

A)marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
B)marks the boundary line between the right and left ventricles.
C)marks the boundary line between the right and left atria.
D)separates the atrioventricular valves from the atria.
E)separates the coronary arteries from the coronary veins.

Question 7

Tetanic muscle contractions don't occur in a normal cardiac muscle because

A)cardiac muscle tissue contracts on its own.
B)neural stimulation is lacking.
C)the refractory period lasts until the muscle relaxes.
D)the refractory period ends before the muscle reaches peak tension.
E)potassium channels outnumber sodium channels.

Question 8

The interventricular sulci and coronary sulcus

A)contain fat.
B)contain arteries.
C)contain veins.
D)are grooves on the surface of the heart.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

The term used to describe fluid collecting in the pericardial cavity that restricts the movement of the heart is known as

A)cardiac tamponade.
B)mitral valve prolapse.
C)pleural effusion.
D)cardiomyopathy.
E)pericarditis.

Question 10

The atrioventricular valves permit blood flow

A)in one direction only.
B)in both directions.
C)in many directions.
D)in opposite directions on the right and left.
E)from a ventricle to an atrium.

Question 11

Excess fluid in the ________ causes cardiac tamponade.

A)pericardial cavity
B)visceral pericardium
C)apex of heart
D)left ventricle
E)both atria

Question 12

The cusps (leaflets)of atrioventricular valves attach directly to

A)papillary muscles.
B)trabeculae carneae.
C)chordae tendineae.
D)interatrial septa.
E)coronary sulci.

Question 13

Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the

A)right atrium.
B)right ventricle.
C)left atrium.
D)left ventricle.
E)conus arteriosus.

Question 14

Blood leaves the right ventricle by passing through the

A)aortic valve.
B)pulmonary valve.
C)mitral valve.
D)tricuspid valve.
E)bicuspid valve.

Question 15

Artery is to ________ as vein is to ________.

A)efferent; afferent
B)afferent; efferent
C)toward; away
D)afferent; away
E)efferent; away

Question 16

The heart beats approximately ________ times each day.

A)1,000
B)10,000
C)100,000
D)1,000,000
E)10,000,000

Question 17

In the middle of the thoracic cavity is a region occupied by the heart,great vessels,thymus,esophagus,and trachea called the

A)pleural space.
B)pericardial space.
C)mediastinum.
D)cardiac notch.
E)ventral cavity.

Question 18

The structure that permits blood flow from the right atrium to the left atrium in the fetal circulation is the

A)foramen ovale.
B)interatrial septum.
C)coronary sinus.
D)fossa ovalis.
E)ligamentum arteriosus.

Question 19

The adult heart is roughly the size of

A)the liver.
B)a man's clenched fist.
C)the gallbladder.
D)the hand of a 10-year-old.
E)the brain.

Question 20

Which of the following descriptions matches the term near the left fifth intercostal space?

A)pericardial cavity
B)visceral pericardium
C)apex of heart
D)aorta
E)right atrium

Question 21

The visceral pericardium is the same as the

A)mediastinum.
B)parietal pericardium.
C)epicardium.
D)myocardium.
E)endocardium.

Question 22

Coronary veins empty into the

A)left atrium.
B)left ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)right ventricle.
E)conus arteriosus.

Question 23

Rupture of the papillary muscles in the left ventricle may result in

A)mitral regurgitation.
B)mitral valve prolapse.
C)bicuspid regurgitation.
D)bicuspid prolapse.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 24

When the left ventricle contracts,the diameter of the ventricular chamber

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains the same.

Question 25

Contractions of the papillary muscles

A)close the atrioventricular valves.
B)close the semilunar valves.
C)eject blood from the ventricles.
D)prevent the atrioventricular valves from reversing into the atria.
E)eject blood from the atria into the ventricles.

Question 26

The right atrium receives blood from the

A)coronary sinus.
B)superior vena cava.
C)inferior vena cava.
D)systemic circuit.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 27

As blood leaves the right ventricle,it passes through the ________ and then into the pulmonary trunk.

A)pulmonary veins
B)conus arteriosus
C)aorta
D)inferior vena cava
E)superior vena cava

Question 28

Most of the middle layer in the heart wall is composed of

A)cardiac muscle cells.
B)chondrocytes.
C)epitheliocytes.
D)fibrocytes.
E)smooth muscle cells.

Question 29

The right ventricle pumps blood to the

A)right and left lungs.
B)left ventricle.
C)left atrium.
D)aorta.
E)right atrium.

Question 30

Blood is supplied to the muscular wall of the left atrium by the

A)brachiocephalic artery.
B)right coronary artery.
C)left coronary artery.
D)phrenic arteries.
E)pulmonary arteries.

Question 31

In order to perform a coronary artery bypass graft,a cardiac surgeon must

A)open the pericardial sac.
B)open the myocardium to see the AV valves.
C)visualize the pulmonary valve.
D)visualize the carotid arteries.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 32

When a blood clot forms on a ruptured plaque in a coronary artery,the condition is referred to as a(n)

A)coronary spasm.
B)myocardial infarction.
C)coronary thrombosis.
D)angina pectoris.
E)pulmonary embolism.

Question 33

Blood flowing into the heart from the venae cavae flows next through the ________ valve.

A)mitral
B)bicuspid
C)tricuspid
D)pulmonary semilunar
E)aortic semilunar

Question 34

The connective tissue fibers of the myocardium

A)add strength and prevent overexpansion of the heart.
B)help distribute the forces of contraction.
C)provide elasticity to help return the heart to its normal size.
D)provide physical support for cardiac muscle.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

There are ________ pulmonary veins.

A)2
B)4
C)6
D)8
E)12

Question 36

The left ventricle pumps blood to the

A)lungs.
B)right ventricle.
C)right atrium.
D)aorta.
E)pulmonary circuit.

Question 37

When the semilunar valves close,the AV valves then

A)close.
B)open.
C)make the third heart sound.
D)contract.
E)prolapse.

Question 38

The ________ deliver(s)blood to the myocardium.

A)coronary arteries
B)cardiac veins
C)superior vena cava
D)carotid arteries
E)coronary sinus

Question 39

Cardiac cells damaged by infarction will show which of the following?

A)switch to anaerobic metabolism
B)release of enzymes into the circulation
C)release of troponin T and I into the circulation
D)release of CK-MB into the circulation
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 40

When the left ventricle contracts,the distance from the apex to the base

A)increases.
B)decreases.
C)remains unchanged.

Question 41

The circumflex branch and the anterior interventricular artery are branches of the

A)right coronary artery.
B)left coronary artery.
C)interventricular artery.
D)coronary sinus.
E)aorta.

Question 42

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

A)right atrium.
B)left atrium.
C)right ventricle.
D)left ventricle.
E)interatrial septum.

Question 43

The marginal branch and posterior interventricular branch are branches of the

A)right coronary artery.
B)left coronary artery.
C)circumflex artery.
D)coronary sinus.
E)aorta.

Question 44

The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents backward flow into the

A)aorta.
B)pulmonary trunk.
C)pulmonary veins.
D)right ventricle.
E)left atrium.

Question 45

The function of an atrium is to

A)collect blood.
B)pump blood to the lungs.
C)pump blood into the systemic circuit.
D)pump blood to the ventricle.
E)collect blood then pump it to the ventricle.

Question 46

The first blood vessels to branch from the aorta are the ________ arteries.

A)pulmonary
B)coronary
C)circumflex
D)carotid
E)subclavian

Question 47

The pulmonary arteries carry blood to the

A)heart.
B)lungs.
C)brain.
D)intestines.
E)liver.

Question 48

The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

A)deoxygenated; left atrium
B)oxygenated; right lung
C)deoxygenated; superior vena cava
D)deoxygenated; right atrium
E)oxygenated; left atrium

Question 49

Figure 20-1 The Heart
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "6."

A)cusp of tricuspid valve
B)pulmonary semilunar valve
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)bicuspid valve
E)ligamentum arteriosum

Question 50

The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart.What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
1)right atrium
2)left atrium
3)right ventricle
4)left ventricle
5)venae cavae
6)aorta
7)pulmonary trunk
8)pulmonary veins

A)1,2,7,8,3,4,6,5
B)1,7,3,8,2,4,6,5
C)5,1,3,7,8,2,4,6
D)5,3,1,7,8,4,2,6
E)5,1,3,8,7,2,4,6

Question 51

Compared to the right ventricle,the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except

A)has a thicker wall.
B)is round in cross section.
C)pumps a greater volume.
D)works harder.
E)produces about four to six times more pressure when it contracts.

Question 52

The pulmonary veins carry blood to the

A)heart.
B)lungs.
C)brain.
D)intestines.
E)liver.

Question 53

Figure 20-1 The Heart
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit?

A)5
B)10
C)16
D)13
E)both 5 and 16

Question 54

Which of the following are involved in the pulmonary circuit?

A)superior vena cava,right atrium,left ventricle
B)right ventricle,pulmonary veins,aorta
C)right ventricle,pulmonary trunk,left atrium
D)inferior vena cava,right atrium,aorta
E)left ventricle,pulmonary veins,right atrium

Question 55

The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood into the

A)superior vena cava.
B)inferior vena cava.
C)coronary sinus.
D)coronary sulcus.
E)aorta.

Question 56

The bicuspid or mitral valve is located

A)in the opening of the aorta.
B)in the opening of the pulmonary trunk.
C)where the venae cavae join the right atrium.
D)between the right atrium and right ventricle.
E)between the left atrium and left ventricle.

Question 57

Figure 20-1 The Heart
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "19."

A)tricuspid valve
B)pulmonary semilunar valve
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)bicuspid valve
E)ligamentum arteriosum

Question 58

Figure 20-1 The Heart
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure(s)labeled "8."

A)moderator band
B)pectinate muscles
C)papillary muscles
D)trabeculae carneae
E)chordae tendineae

Question 59

The ________ valve prevents backward flow into the left atrium.

A)semicaval
B)semilunar
C)bicuspid
D)tricuspid
E)pulmonic

Question 60

Blood is supplied to the myocardium by

A)the coronary sinus.
B)contact with blood in the pumping chambers.
C)the coronary arteries.
D)arteries that branch from the pulmonary arteries.
E)arteries that branch off the subclavian arteries.

Question 61

The T wave on an ECG tracing represents

A)atrial depolarization.
B)atrial repolarization.
C)ventricular depolarization.
D)ventricular repolarization.
E)ventricular contraction.

Question 62

Depolarization of the ventricles is represented on an electrocardiogram by the

A)P wave.
B)T wave.
C)S wave.
D)QRS complex.
E)PR complex.

Question 63

In cardiac muscle,the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of

A)increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
B)increased membrane permeability to potassium ions.
C)decreased membrane permeability to calcium ions.
D)decreased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
E)increased membrane permeability to chloride ions.

Question 64

If the pacemaker cells in the SA node become more permeable to potassium ions,the

A)heart rate will increase.
B)heart rate will decrease.
C)cells will depolarize.
D)cells will hyperpolarize.
E)heart rate will decrease and cells will hyperpolarize.

Question 65

If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,

A)the ventricles will beat faster.
B)the ventricles will beat more slowly.
C)the ventricular beat will remain unchanged.
D)cardiac output will increase.
E)the atria will contract more forcefully.

Question 66

In cardiac muscle,

A)calcium ions are not released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
B)calcium ions do not bind to troponin molecules.
C)calcium ions play no role in the process of contraction.
D)about 20 percent of the calcium ion required for contraction comes from outside the cell.
E)calcium ions play an important role in repolarizing the membrane after the depolarization phase.

Question 67

The normal pacemaker of the heart is located in

A)the Purkinje fibers.
B)the sinoatrial node.
C)the atrioventricular node.
D)the wall of the left ventricle.
E)both the left and right ventricles.

Question 68

________ is to slow heart rate as ________ is to fast heart rate.

A)Tachycardia; bradycardia
B)Bradycardia; cardiomyopathy
C)Bradycardia; tachycardia
D)Cardiac tamponade; bradycardia
E)Angina; infarction

Question 69

Figure 20-1 The Heart
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2 1."

A)bicuspid valve
B)pulmonary semilunar valve
C)aortic semilunar valve
D)ligamentum arteriosum
E)tricuspid valve

Question 70

The P wave of the electrocardiogram is a signal from

A)the SA node.
B)depolarization of the AV node.
C)depolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the atria.
E)depolarization of the ventricles.

Question 71

The following are structural components of the conducting system of the heart.
1)Purkinje fibers
2)AV bundle
3)AV node
4)SA node
5)bundle branches
The sequence in which excitation would move through this system is

A)1,4,3,2,5.
B)3,2,4,5,1.
C)3,5,4,2,1.
D)4,3,2,5,1.
E)4,2,3,5,1.

Question 72

During the T wave of the electrocardiogram,the ventricles are

A)depolarizing.
B)repolarizing.
C)contracting.
D)relaxing.
E)both repolarizing and relaxing.

Question 73

Pacemaker cells in the SA node

A)have a well-defined resting potential.
B)can spontaneously depolarize.
C)also contract with the rest of the cells in the heart wall.
D)are special neurons that convey signals from the brain to the heart.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 74

Depolarization of the atria corresponds to the EKG's

A)P wave.
B)QRS complex.
C)QT interval.
D)T wave.
E)S-T segment.

Question 75

As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential,cardiac muscle cannot exhibit

A)tonus.
B)treppe.
C)tetany.
D)recruitment.
E)fatigue.

Question 76

If there is a complete block between the SA node and the AV node,how would the ECG be affected?

A)The P-R interval will be shorter.
B)The QRS duration will be longer.
C)There will be much bigger P waves.
D)The ventricles will stop beating.
E)The rate of P waves will be faster than the rate of QRS complexes.

Question 77

The long plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to

A)movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane.
B)calcium channels remaining open.
C)increased membrane permeability to potassium ion.
D)decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane.
E)increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.

Question 78

Analysis of the electrocardiogram can reveal all of the following except

A)heart rate.
B)stroke volume.
C)the condition of the conducting system.
D)the effects of drugs and poisons.
E)the duration of the ventricular action potential.

Question 79

Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.

A)P wave
B)T wave
C)QRS complex
D)P-R interval
E)R-T interval

Question 80

Pacemaker cells isolated from the SA node generate action potentials at ________ beats per minute.

A)20-40
B)40-60
C)80-100
D)100-140
E)140-180