Deck 5: Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control

Question 1

Which of the following is said to occur when members of two or more species interact to gain access to the same limited resources?

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Kelp forests are a very important ecosystem in marine waters by supporting important biodiversity.These kelp forests are threatened by all of the following except

A)water pollution containing herbicides
B)sea urchins
C)southern sea otters
D)global warming
E)water pollution containing fertilizers

Answer 2

C

Question 3

If multiple species find themselves competing for the same resource, the competition can be reduced by which of the following?

A)camouflage
B)cooperation
C)resource partitioning
D)resource expansion
E)mimicry

Answer 3

C

Question 4

All of the following are forms of nondestructive behavior between species except

A)reducing competition by foraging at different times
B)reducing competition by foraging in different places
C)orchids attached to branches of forest trees
D)using the energy or body of another organisms as a food source
E)bacteria breaking down food for a host and having a sheltered habitat

Question 5

Which of the following is said to occur when an interaction benefits one species but has little, if any, effect on the other?

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism

Question 6

Which of the following is said to occur when one organism feeds on another organism by living on or in the other organism?

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism

Question 7

What was the primary reason the southern sea otter nearly went extinct by the early 1900s?

A)They scared the tourists
B)They have thick, luxurious fur.
C)They were ruining the kelp beds
D)They were eating all the shellfish
E)They raided valuable bird nests

Question 8

The non-poisonous ____ butterfly gains protection by looking like the bad-tasting ____ butterfly, which is a protective device known as ____.

A)monarch; viceroy; camouflage
B)monarch; zebra swallowtail; camouflage
C)viceroy; zebra swallowtail; mimicry
D)viceroy; monarch; mimicry
E)viceroy; monarch; camouflage

Question 9

When populations of two different species interact over long periods of time, changes in the gene pool of one species can lead to changes in the gene pool of the other.This is called

A)competition
B)coevolution
C)coincidence
D)commensalism
E)predation

Question 10

Which of the following is not a method prey species use to avoid capture?

A)highly developed sense of sight or smell
B)spines and thorns
C)chemical warfare
D)ambush
E)camouflage

Question 11

Which of the following is not a method predators use to capture prey?

A)pursuit
B)ambush
C)camouflage
D)chemical warfare
E)protective shells

Question 12

A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species in the same geographic region is called a(n)

A)community
B)population
C)ecosystem
D)biosphere
E)biome

Question 13

The primary reason why southern sea otter recovery is important is

A)They are cute
B)They are a keystone species
C)They encourage tourism
D)It is unethical to cause their extinction
E)They have luxurious, thick fur

Question 14

Species can, over a long period of time, develop adaptations that allow them to reduce or avoid competition by sharing resources.This is called

A)competitive exclusion principle
B)resource partitioning
C)population distribution
D)interspecific competition
E)mimicry

Question 15

Plants such as bromeliads share a commensalism interaction with large trees in tropical and subtropical forests.The bromeliads are an example of

A)parasites
B)opportunistic parasites
C)epiphytes
D)prey
E)herbivores

Question 16

Parasites

A)rarely kill their hosts
B)are usually larger than their hosts
C)must be internal to their hosts
D)may strengthen their hosts over a long period of time
E)are usually microscopic

Question 17

Which of the following would not considered predators?

A)omnivores
B)herbivores
C)detritivores
D)carnivores
E)All of these are predators.

Question 18

Which of the following is the most common interaction between species?

A)competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism

Question 19

The relationship between clownfish and sea anemone is

A)interspecific competition
B)predation
C)parasitism
D)mutualism
E)commensalism

Question 20

Population size is determined by which of the following?

A)emigration
B)deaths
C)immigration
D)births
E)all of these

Question 21

When plotting the number of individuals in a population against time the data yield a J-shaped curve, which indicates which of the following?

A)logistic growth
B)environmental resistance
C)exponential growth
D)carrying capacity
E)biotic potential

Question 22

The most common distribution of populations is which of the following?

A)random
B)uniform
C)clumped
D)circles
E)none of these

Question 23

Emigration is

A)the one-way movement of individuals into an established population
B)the one-way movement of individuals out of an uninhabited area
C)the one-way movement of individuals out of a population to another area
D)the repeated movement into and out of an area
E)the lack of immigration into an area

Question 24

Which of the following would exhibit primary succession?

A)a rock exposed by a retreating glacier
B)an abandoned farm
C)a clear-cut forest
D)newly flooded land
E)a recently burned forest

Question 25

Late successional plants are largely unaffected by plants at earlier stages of succession, a factor called

A)facilitation
B)imperturbability
C)inhibition
D)tolerance
E)intolerance

Question 26

"The maximum population of a given species that a particular habitat can sustain indefinitely without being degraded" is the definition of

A)logistic growth
B)environmental resistance
C)exponential growth
D)carrying capacity
E)biotic potential

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of a density-independent population control?

A)infectious disease
B)habitat destruction
C)parasitism
D)predation
E)competition for resources

Question 28

Which of the following is not a limiting factor for populations in aquatic life zones?

A)temperature
B)sunlight
C)nutrient availability
D)precipitation
E)dissolved oxygen

Question 29

Which of the following is not a general type of population change?

A)stable
B)irruptive
C)cyclic
D)regular
E)irregular

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of a density-dependent population control?

A)habitat destruction
B)fire
C)pollution
D)floods
E)competition for resources

Question 31

Some species experience an explosion of population growth to a high peak followed by a crash to a more stable lower level.This is called which of the following?

A)stable
B)irruptive
C)cyclic
D)irregular
E)regular

Question 32

Which of the following exhibits secondary ecological succession?

A)abandoned parking lot
B)newly cooled lava
C)newly constructed reservoir
D)a crumbled concrete building
E)recently flooded land

Question 33

Exponential growth followed by a steady decrease in population growth until the population size levels off is typical of

A)logistic growth
B)environmental resistance
C)exponential growth
D)carrying capacity
E)biotic potential

Question 34

If the resilience of a damaged area is low enough, the degraded area may not be restored by secondary succession. When this happens, the damaged area has reached

A)stability
B)inertia
C)constancy
D)a tipping point
E)resilience

Question 35

The ability of a living system to survive moderate disturbances is called

A)stability
B)inertia
C)constancy
D)tipping point
E)resilience

Question 36

Which of the following has caused the population of the southern sea otters to fluctuate?

A)rise in population of orcas
B)parasites from house cats
C)thorny-headed worms from seabirds
D)human pollution
E)all of these

Question 37

Which of the following is not one of the age structure categories?

A)postreproductive
B)prereproductive
C)reproductive
D)nonreproductive
E)All of these answers are categories.

Question 38

The southern sea otter is a tool-using mammal.

Question 39

Which of the following would cause a population to overshoot its carrying capacity?

A)an increase in predators
B)a decrease in birth rates
C)an increase in emigration
D)a decrease in environmental pressures
E)a reproductive time lag between birth and death rates

Question 40

Which of the following refers to the ability of a living system to be restored after a period of moderate to severe disturbance?

A)stability
B)inertia
C)constancy
D)tipping point
E)resilience

Question 41

Species whose ecological niches overlap will be in competition for whatever the resource is in the overlap.

Question 42

Humans are exempt from population overshoot and dieback.

Question 43

In predator-prey relationships, the predator is seeking food for itself and its offspring, while the prey is seeking not to become food for the predator.As a result, predator and prey populations exert tremendous natural selection pressures on each other.

Question 44

Scientists have changed their view about a stable type of climax community as the end product of succession and are now suggesting we can not predict the course of succession.

Question 45

Detritus feeders and decomposers are considered predators.

Question 46

Animal predators tend to kill the sick, weak, aged, and least fit members of a species, therefore increasing the fitness of the prey species.

Question 47

There are always limits to population growth in nature.

Question 48

An example of top-down population regulation in predator-prey species is predation.

Question 49

Humans compete with many other species for space, food, and other resources.

Question 50

Hawaiian honeycreepers have evolved into species with specialized niches, which has increased the competition between these species.

Question 51

The most common interaction between species is commensalism.

Question 52

At the population level parasites are always harmful to the host species.

Question 53

Grasslands have a high resilience and therefore can quickly recover following a fire.

Question 54

Organisms with clumped distribution are fairly rare.

Question 55

A population's growth rate will increase as the population reaches its carrying capacity.

Question 56

Succession leads inevitably toward an ideally adapted climax plant community or ecosystem.

Question 57

A population will most likely increase if it is made up mostly of individuals in the 'reproductive' or 'near reproductive' stages.

Question 58

The carrying capacity of any given area is not fixed.

Question 59

Large mammals, such as humans, whales, and elephants, are especially vulnerable to extinction because of their reproductive patterns.

Question 60

In communities and ecosystems the types and numbers of species change in response to changing environmental conditions.

Question 61

When two different species interact over a long time, changes in the gene pool help both species to become more competitive or avoid competition. This is called _______________,

Question 62

Five warblers in the state of Maine have evolved to share food resources and reduce food competition through ____________________.

Question 63

____________________ is like an arms race between interacting populations of different species.

Question 64

A population exceeding its carrying capacity suffers a(n) ____________________ or ____________________, unless the excess individuals can switch to new resources or move to a new area.

Question 65

____________________ is the combination of all factors that act to limit the growth of a population.

Question 66

A species whose population size fluctuates slightly above and below its carrying capacity is said to have a fairly ____________________ population size.

Question 67

The concept that no two species can occupy the same ecological niche for an extended period of time is known as the ____________________.

Question 68

A plot of the number of individuals in a population against time yields a sigmoid or S-shaped curve, typical of ____________________ growth.

Question 69

The most common form of population dispersion found in nature is ____________________.

Question 70

The southern sea otter has been classified as a(n) ____________________ species.

Question 71

When two or more species compete with one another their niches are said to ____________________.

Question 72

____________________ is a competitive interaction between species for food and/or space.

Question 73

Some prey species make themselves larger, startle the predator, or mimic a predator, all of which are called ____________________.

Question 74

Vast armies of ____________________ inhabit the digestive tracts of humans and help break down or digest their food.

Question 75

Primary and secondary succession tend to increase biodiversity and the sustainability of communities and ecosystems.

Question 76

The most common interaction between species is ____________________.

Question 77

Species that are bad-tasting, bad-smelling, toxic, or stinging-prey species advertise their characteristics using ____________________.

Question 78

Individuals in populations with a high intrinsic rate of growth typically reproduce ____________________ and have short ____________________ times.

Question 79

In _______________ two species behave in ways that benefit both by providing each with needed resources.

Question 80

____________________ occurs when a member of one species feeds directly on all or part of a member of another species.