Deck 2: Language and Communication

Question 1

Phonology consists of the categories and rules for forming symbols that engage which of the
Channels available to humans for communication-

A) sight
B) touch
C) taste
D) sound

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Three of the following describe ways the Tiv interpreted the story of Hamlet- Which one does not-

A) The Tiv felt that the ghost of Hamlet's father was really an omen sent by a witch.
B) The Tiv decided that Laertes killed his sister, Ophelia, through witchcraft.
C) The Tiv were pleased by the quick marriage of Hamlet's mother to her dead husband's brother.
D) The Tiv approved of Hamlet's desire to kill his father's brother.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In "The Military Name Game," Boxer notes that the name for U.S.operations in Afghanistan,"Infinite Justice," was dropped because

A) the term, "justice," implied a legal rationale for pursuing the conflict and there was none.
B) the phrase was too general and meaningless.
C) the Council on American-Islamic Relations felt it implied a godly role for the U.S.
D) the phrase angered the U.S.'s Arab allies.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen argues that in the workplace

A) men often refrain from asking for directions while women often seek to create the appearance of equality in a conversation.
B) gender does not affect talking styles.
C) women seek a one up position in conversation whereas men diffuse speech domination by joking about it.
D) men are more likely than women to ask for directions.

Question 5

In her article,"Shakespeare in the Bush," Laura Bohannan shows that

A) the story of Hamlet does not retain its original meaning when told to a Tiv audience.
B) the story of Hamlet retains Shakespeare's meaning for both the English and the Tiv.
C) the Tiv misunderstood why Hamlet's father's ghost would seek revenge.
D) the Tiv were shocked by the quick marriage of Hamlet's mother to his uncle.

Question 6

The behavior that produces vocal sounds is called

A) semantics.
B) language.
C) speech.
D) phonology.

Question 7

In her article "The Military Name Game," Boxer argues that at the time she wrote the article,naming military operations involved using

A) a two-word verb-noun phrase that is positive but that is almost meaningless.
B) mythology and religion because of their positive moral overtones.
C) words that are intended to remain secret.
D) aggressive terms such as "Masher," "Thunderbolt," and "Ripper."

Question 8

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game," the first name given to U.S.operations in Afghanistan was

A) Desert Storm.
B) Mountain Shield.
C) Enduring Freedom.
D) Infinite Justice.

Question 9

Hindi speakers hear which of the following two English phonemes as a single phoneme-

A) /t/ and /d/
B) /k/ and /g/
C) /b/ and /d/
D) /v/ and /w/

Question 10

According to Bohannan,the Tiv approved of

A) Hamlet's desire to kill his father's brother.
B) Hamlet's desire to kill Polonius.
C) Ophelia's attraction to Polonius.
D) Hamlet's mother's hasty marriage to her dead husband's brother.

Question 11

One of the concepts that the Tiv found it necessary to reinterpret when they were told the story of Hamlet was the English category for

A) revenge.
B) omen.
C) zombie.
D) ghost.

Question 12

When linguistic anthropologists search for minimal pairs of words from informants,they are most likely to be looking for

A) morphemes.
B) metaphors.
C) phonemes.
D) sociolinguistic rules.

Question 13

English speakers do not use /ng/ (the final sound in going,for example) when they speak.This behavior would best be classified as a

A) framing rule.
B) sociolinguistic rule.
C) non-linguistic rule.
D) phonological rule.

Question 14

The categories and rules for combining vocal symbols are called

A) phonemes.
B) grammar.
C) sociolinguistic rules.
D) speech.

Question 15

When the Tiv informed Laura Bohannan that she must be wrong about Hamlet's father's ghost because the dead cannot talk,they displayed what anthropologists call

A) culture shock.
B) naive realism.
C) tacit culture.
D) cross?cultural solidarity.

Question 16

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," women's conversation often works at the appearance of equality.Men's conversation,on the other hand,is often directed at

A) an attempt to put others in a one-down position by bragging or inferring superior knowledge.
B) avoiding the one-down position by acting as if they don't know what the other person means.
C) avoiding the one-down position by ignoring other people.
D) avoiding the one-down position by using oppositions such as banter, joking, teasing, and playful putdowns.

Question 17

The phrase "tax burden" is a good example of the use of

A) hyperbole.
B) metaphor.
C) non-linguistic symbols.
D) linguistic crossover.

Question 18

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game",,the U.S.Joint Chiefs of Staff created a __________ nicknamed __________ to generate names for military operations.

A) military command committee, "COMAT"
B) computer program, "NICKA"
C) three-service bureau, "BOCAB"
D) military swat team, "SWATNOM"

Question 19

Minimal categories of speech sounds that serve to keep utterances apart are called

A) morphemes.
B) minimal pairs.
C) words.
D) phonemes.

Question 20

According to Boxer in "The Military Name Game," military operations' names such as Roundup, Killer,Ripper,Courageous,Audacious,and Dauntless were used by __________ during ________________.

A) General MacArthur, the Korean War
B) Winston Churchill, World War II
C) General Abrams, the Vietnam War
D) Joint Chiefs of Staff, the war with Iraq

Question 21

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," men often avoid asking directions because

A) their over-direct style does not yield accurate answers.
B) asking puts them in a one-down position.
C) they fail to listen to the answers they get.
D) they don't want others to perceive them as uninformed.

Question 22

According to Tannen in "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," which is not an advantage cited by men for refraining from asking questions-

A) They avoid receiving incorrect information.
B) They learn to discover answers for themselves.
C) They can feel superior to other people by not showing their ignorance.
D) They avoid injuring the feelings of the individual sharing information.

Question 23

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen notes that men often fail to ask for directions and that women usually do ask for directions.Because it is easy to show that not asking for directions can have dire consequences,she suggests that men

A) should change and ask for directions.
B) should ask for directions but in an indirect manner.
C) should be flexible, asking for directions when it seems appropriate to do so.
D) should have a female companion ask for directions.

Question 24

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen notes that of all the examples of conversational-style differences between men and women that lead to troublesome outcomes,__________ has attracted the most attention of her readers.

A) men's tendency to interrupt women in normal conversation
B) women's tendency to criticize men when they talk with other women
C) women's tendency to be indirect when they talk with men
D) men's tendency to avoid asking directions of other people

Question 25

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen argues that one negative consequence for women who ask questions is
That they may seem

A) uninformed and less intelligent.
B) uninterested in the subject matter.
C) less politically savvy.
D) unwilling to learn.

Question 26

In "Conversation Style: Talking on the Job," Tannen tells the story of how Amy,a manager,tried to tell her employee,Donald,how to change an unsatisfactory report.Her approach led to misunderstanding because

A) she was too direct.
B) she put Donald in a one-down position by demonstrating her superior knowledge.
C) she praised the good parts of the report before suggesting changes.
D) Donald took her comments as a personal criticism.