Deck 5: Kinship and Family

Question 1

A bilateral kinship group that is most like a lineage is called a

A) family.
B) clan.
C) phratry.
D) ramage.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A person one is related to by marriage is called a(n) relative.

A) affinal
B) exogamous
C) consanguine
D) endogamous

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In an epilogue to her article "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes argues that the primary cause of the decline in infant mortality on the Alto do Cruzeiro was a result of

A) national health care agents going door to door to identify at-risk infants.
B) the installation of water pipes that carried clean water to virtually every home in the shantytown.
C) an infant training program offered by a North American mission.
D) the under-the-counter availability of a "morning after" pill.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The marriage of one woman to more than one man simultaneously is called

A) exogamy.
B) endogamy.
C) polygyny.
D) polyandry.

Question 5

An older married couple,together with their married sons,their daughters-in-law,and their grandchildren,all living in a single household,is a classic example of

A) a nuclear family.
B) an extended family.
C) a lineage.
D) a ramage.

Question 6

A relationship between two people that is socially recognized and which confers birth-status rights on children is called

A) kinship.
B) a family.
C) marriage.
D) a rite of passage.

Question 7

According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," three of the following statements are true about how the death of poor babies were treated in Alto do Cruzeiro and Bom Jesus de Mata,Brazil.Which one is not-

A) Babies were buried without headstones or markers.
B) Infant graves were reused for other infant burials later.
C) Midwives encouraged mothers of dead babies to grieve.
D) Civil authorities only required a two-paragraph report when a baby died.

Question 8

On the basis of her work in northeastern Brazil and on literature describing practices in other parts of the world,Scheper-Hughes feels that

A) it was instinctual for mothers to grieve deeply over a dead son or daughter in every society, including those with high infant mortality rates.
B) it was natural for poor mothers to maintain emotional distance from infants who are likely to die.
C) civil authorities tried hard to improve the condition of poor women but the latter would not help themselves.
D) poor women let their babies die despite concerted efforts by church authorities to prevent them from doing so.

Question 9

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," the term patrilineage refers to

A) women belonging to one's own patriclan (arak).
B) women belonging to one's mother's patriclan (arak).
C) closely related men who are all descended from a known ancestor.
D) closely related women who are all descended from a known ancestor.

Question 10

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India,"

A) extended kinship systems are especially well suited to the organization of holding land in agrarian societies.
B) industrialization and the market economy have essentially eliminated extended kinship ties in the Bhil village of Ratakote.
C) the Bhil tribals of Ratakote must marry spouses from their own clan, their mother's clan, or their father's mother's clan.
D) extended family kinship systems have completely broken down in the face of a cash-for-labor economy.

Question 11

The Catholic Church's theology of liberation changed the way the Church handled infant
Deaths.Under this theology,

A) a priest accompanied each funeral procession to the cemetery.
B) mothers were encouraged to believe that a saint had claimed the child.
C) a municipal gravedigger oversaw the burial without offering any prayers or sign of the cross.
D) the bells of the parish church rang at each infant's funeral.

Question 12

In "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes reports that about infants died in Alto do Cruzeiro,Brazil,in 1965.

A) 100
B) 150
C) 300
D) 350

Question 13

When a man is simultaneously married to two or more women,anthropologists call the arrangement

A) polygamy.
B) polygyny.
C) polyandry.
D) exogamy.

Question 14

Descent from a common ancestor through males only is called

A) patrilineal descent.
B) matrilineal descent.
C) bilateral descent.
D) endogamy.

Question 15

According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," doctors in the Brazilian town of Bom Jesus de Mata often

A) failed to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies.
B) refused to examine poor babies.
C) prescribed drugs that their mothers cannot afford to buy for their sick babies.
D) hospitalized poor sick babies because the infants' mothers could not care for them.

Question 16

The cultural rule that prohibits sexual intercourse among defined classes of relatives is called

A) the incest taboo.
B) polygamy.
C) endogamy.
D) hypergamy.

Question 17

are unilineal descent groups composed of lineages.Their members recognize descent from a common ancestor,but cannot usually trace their actual genealogical connections.

A) Ramages
B) Kindreds
C ) Clans
D) Families

Question 18

When it is preferred that a woman marry a man from her own village,we call the arrangement

A) polygyny.
B) exogamy.
C) endogamy.
D) polyandry.

Question 19

A rule of relationship that links people together on the basis of reputed common ancestry is called

A) affinity.
B) descent.
C) patrilineality.
D) social organization.

Question 20

According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," poor Brazilian mothers living in a shantytown near the town of Bom Jesus de Mata

A) would do almost anything to earn money in order to pay for the treatment of their sick babies.
B) stayed emotionally detached from their babies, particularly those they felt were likely to die.
C) depended for child support on the local churches and civil authorities.
D) observed nearly a year of formal mourning when a child died, during which time they were not allowed to dance or laugh in public.

Question 21

Men in the Fouta Djallon are expected to make enough money to marry; support their parents,future children,and other relatives; and build a house.In order to do this,most men

A) travel abroad to Europe and North America to find work and save money.
B) travel to nearby West African countries such as Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Mali, and Côte d'Ivoire.
C) open their own small businesses.
D) live with their parents until they have saved enough money to marry.

Question 22

Without ________ it is nearly impossible for a man or a woman in the Fouta Djallon to be considered an adult,let alone a successful and responsible one,by others in the community.

A) a marriage
B) a career
C) an education
D) a prosperous business

Question 23

The custom of polyandry may end among Tibetans living in Nepal because

A) women do not like the custom.
B) men do not like the custom.
C) of government opposition and new economic opportunities.
D) of new techniques for reclaiming land to farm.

Question 24

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," in India work in the market economy can weaken kinship systems by

A) costing families too much money.
B) increasing the economic dependence of people on their families and kin groups.
C) reducing the time people have to devote to family and kin.
D) connecting one's reputation more to family than to work.

Question 25

According to Goldstein in "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," it is difficult for a male Tibetan to start his own farm because

A) the government restricts access to new land.
B) there is no more land to reclaim in the mountains.
C) it is difficult to terrace new land and keep animals simultaneously without help.
D) only the eldest brother has a right to the family's estate.

Question 26

According to Goldstein in "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," Tibetan polyandry

A) requires a group of brothers to marry one woman.
B) is caused by high rates of female infanticide, creating a shortage of women.
C) is a response to a shortage of arable land.
D) allows for greater personal freedom than monogamous marriage.

Question 27

When a marriage ends through death or divorce,men and women

A) seek an imam's advice as to whether to marry again.
B) must actively seek to arrange a new marriage.
C) retain the same level of respect and status that they had when married.
D) live out their lives as widows and widowers, cared for by the community.

Question 28

Migration offers young men the opportunity to earn

A) levirate.
B) jiwo.
C) départ.
D) debbo.

Question 29

The typical wedding celebration in the Fouta Djallon lasts for two or three days and includes great quantities of rice,gifts of money or cloth,and

A) a sum of money paid by the bride's family to the groom.
B) a sum of money paid by the groom's family to the bride.
C) a sum of money paid by the groom to the bride's parents.
D) several suitcases of cloth for the mother of the bride.

Question 30

According to Goldstein in "Polyandry: When Brothers Take a Wife," Tibetan polyandry functions above all to

A) permit richer farmers to maintain their standard of living.
B) respond to a shortage of women caused by high rates of female infanticide.
C) preserve the matriline.
D) preserve the patriline.

Question 31

In "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy argues that arranged marriage functions to

A) create alliances between Bhil families and patrilineages.
B) bring wealth to the groom's family because of the dowry they receive.
C) prevent the possibility of divorce in Bhil society.
D) insure a happier marriage for Bhil brides and grooms.

Question 32

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," which is the most important structural tension associated with marriage in Bhil society-

A) the decision about how large the dapa (bride price) will be.
B) the possibility that young people will refuse to be married.
C) the shifting of a woman's loyalty, labor, and reproductive potential from her family to her husband's family.
D) whether wives will inherit from their own or their husband's families.

Question 33

In "Family and Kinship in Village India," McCurdy observes that

A) despite the dispersal of relatives as a result of migration to cities for work, Indians maintain a high degree of loyalty to and support of their kin.
B) work in cities has destroyed the Indian family and kinship system.
C) cash labor has led to personal independence and the end of family-arranged marriages in India.
D) Ratakote's increase in population has led to a thriving agrarian economy.

Question 34

Which one of the following is not true about Tibetan polyandry-

A) Polyandry eliminates sexual competition among brothers.
B) Polyandry lowers the birth rate.
C) Polyandry enables wealthier farmers to maintain their higher standard of living.
D) Polyandry is often preferred by Tibetans.

Question 35

In order to be considered eligible for marriage,a Fouta Djallon girl must have

A) had a naming ceremony one week after her birth.
B) had an animal sacrificed in her honor shortly after her birth.
C) had an imam or elder bestow a special benediction on her.
D) received the rite of excision.

Question 36

The parents of a potential bride will arrange a match directly with the groom himself (not with his family) only if he

A) is already married, owns his own home, and is well established.
B) is not yet married, owns his own home, and is well established.
C) is not related to the bride and is not yet married.
D) does not plan to leave the Fouta Djallon to earn money.

Question 37

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," a major tension in Bhil society occurs over the movement of a woman from her own family to that of her husband at marriage.Which of the following is a way Bhil cultural practices reduce this tension-

A) Grooms ritually storm the bride's house to symbolize that they are taking the woman away from her family.
B) After the wedding, the family of the bride has no contact with the groom, his new bride, and his extended family for one year.
C) The bride and groom move to a village where neither family lives to start their own lives.
D) The bride's family keeps in close, familiar contact with the groom's family, visits often, and checks on their daughter's welfare.

Question 38

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," when Bhils visit other villages,they usually stay with

A) members of their patriclan.
B) friends, not kin.
C) members of their extended family.
D) feminal kin.