Deck 11: Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

Gender differences do not vary among different societies.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Evidence suggests that testosterone encourages some kinds of aggressive behavior.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

American culture features a double standard of sexuality.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

More men than women now earn college degrees.

Question 5

When married men are not employed,couples divorce more often.

Question 6

Since 1973,men's wages have not increased (adjusting for cost-of-living changes).

Question 7

Stereotypes tend to produce the very difference they claim is true.

Question 8

Gender differences fluctuate depending on the social situation.

Question 9

Men,in general,desire to appear masculine to others.

Question 10

The mass media is not considered an important agent of socialization.

Question 11

When people are aware that they are being watched,they adhere more closely to gender-stereotypical behavior.

Question 12

In 2011 data on the mathematics part of the SAT Reasoning Test showed that men scored,on average,a bit higher than women.

Question 13

Many families with a husband and wife are not dual-earner families.

Question 14

Women's lives have changed dramatically during the past 50 years.

Question 15

Although biology plays a role,gender is socially constructed.

Question 16

Socialization continues through adulthood.

Question 17

In dual-earner couples,males and females equally share the household labor.

Question 18

Women,if they have reason to think that others doubt their femininity,redouble their efforts to engage in behavior culturally coded as feminine,because they desire to appear feminine.

Question 19

More women than men participate in the care of infants because biologically based differences between men and women exclude the role that society plays in influencing behavior.

Question 20

Changes in the social environment can change testosterone levels.

Question 21

Single people have sex more than married people.

Question 22

Research conducted by Willer et al.(2011)on the impact of stereotypes on gender identity indicated that __________.

A)men who perceived themselves in feminine terms were not worried about societal pressures to appear otherwise
B)women were very concerned about being perceived as feminine and would alter their behaviors to appear overtly feminine when thought otherwise
C)men desired to appear masculine and would alter their behaviors to appear more masculine when told they were perceived as being somewhat feminine by others
D)biology alone determines gender identity

Question 23

Since the 1960s,the average age at marriage has decreased.

Question 24

In hookups women less often experience orgasm than men.

Question 25

The U.S.military dropped its ban on service by gay and lesbian soldiers in 2011.

Question 26

__________ is a term sometimes applied to lesbian or heterosexual women who choose to challenge sex and gender categories by dressing conventionally male.

A)Bi-curious
B)Bisexual
C)Transgender
D)Transsexual

Question 27

In 2011 data on the mathematics part of the SAT Reasoning Test indicated that __________.

A)the differences in the mean scores of men and women on the test have been exaggerated
B)the mean scores of women,for the first time,exceeded those of men
C)the mean scores for women are higher at the center of the distribution than the mean scores for men
D)most men and women score at the extreme ends of the distribution

Question 28

The percentage of women currently employed in the paid labor force is about __________.

A)60 percent
B)70 percent
C)80 percent
D)90 percent

Question 29

Studies that demonstrate that gender differences fluctuate depending on the social situation offer proof that __________.

A)biological influences have no impact on gender differences
B)biological influences have minimal impact on gender differences
C)social forces have no impact on gender differences
D)social forces have an impact on some gender differences

Question 30

Persons who are assigned one sex category at birth but feel strongly that they belong in the other sex category are referred to as __________.

A)lesbians
B)bisexuals
C)transgendered
D)intersexed

Question 31

Gender-stereotypical behavior is most likely to occur when people believe they are __________.

A)being ignored
B)being watched
C)among strangers
D)among their social superiors

Question 32

As demand for __________ grew,employment opportunities for women increased during the 1960s and 1970s.

A)managers
B)manufacturing workers
C)service workers
D)technicians

Question 33

__________ refers to the impact that social forces have on the individual in terms of what it means to be male or female;__________ refers to how males and females differ in terms of anatomy,chromosomes,and hormones.

A)Patriarchy;gender
B)Gender;patriarchy
C)Sex;gender
D)Gender;sex

Question 34

A person's sex is a matter of __________.

A)biology
B)choice
C)culture
D)orientation

Question 35

Studies show that gender differences __________ over time.

A)converge
B)disappear
C)remain constant
D)vary

Question 36

The percentage of men currently employed in the paid labor force is about __________.

A)60 percent
B)70 percent
C)80 percent
D)90 percent

Question 37

Important agents of socialization include all of the following except __________.

A)mass media
B)parents
C)peer groups
D)stereotypes

Question 38

In the United States,a majority of the country's politicians are men.Since men have traditionally held higher-level positions in politics,the economy,and the family,the gender system of the United States is best described as a(n)__________.

A)oligarchy
B)patriarchy
C)matriarchy
D)fraternal order

Question 39

A man who is considered a player often has a negative status among his male peers.

Question 40

Male peer groups tend to ostracize boys who are not __________.

A)stereotypically biased against gays
B)stereotypically biased against girls
C)stereotypically mₐscᵤlᵢnₑ ₑnₒᵤgh
D)stereotypically hypermasculine

Question 41

Changes in the lives of women in the last 50 years reflect __________.

A)decreases in men's employment and educational attainment
B)increases in men's employment and educational attainment
C)decreases in women's employment and educational attainment
D)increases in women's employment and educational attainment

Question 42

Since 2000,women's median annual earnings have been roughly __________ of men's median annual earnings.

A)55 percent
B)65 percent
C)75 percent
D)85 percent

Question 43

Between 1965 and 2000,married fathers increased their contribution to household work by __________ hours per week.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)30

Question 44

Of the following,which is the least plausible explanation for why women continue to earn less than men?

A)Women have fewer years of experience than men,who are much less likely to step away from paying positions to care for children.
B)Women in the workforce,by choice or because of discrimination,are concentrated in lower-paying jobs.
C)The Equal Pay Act of 1963 protects gaps in pay between men and women based on seniority and performance,but not on sex itself.
D)Employers set lower pay rates in jobs filled mostly by women than in different jobs filled mostly by men requiring the same level of education.

Question 45

Men have not entered female-dominated occupations in numbers similar to those of women who have moved into occupations traditionally dominated by men because __________.

A)men are stigmatized by jobs thought of as feminine
B)men are treated worse than women in female-dominated jobs
C)men,unlike women,are seldom called to serve others
D)men are not likely to be promoted over women in female-dominated occupations

Question 46

Of all the changes in the lives of women over the last several decades,the biggest change has been a(n)__________.

A)decrease in men's participation in the paid workforce
B)ᵢncᵣₑₐsₑ ₒf wₒmₑn's pₐᵣtᵢcᵢpₐtᵢₒn ᵢn thₑ pₐᵢd wₒᵣkfₒᵣcₑ
C)shift in men's at-home responsibilities
D)shift in women's at-home responsibilities

Question 47

The biggest change for men as a result of women's increased employment has been __________.

A)that more men have started staying home
B)that more men have started working part time
C)that many men have gotten used to being part of a two-earner couple
D)that a majority of men have started sharing household chores equally

Question 48

Which of the following is the most plausible explanation for the underrepresentation of men in jobs as kindergarten teachers?

A)Men are naturally less adept at taking care of young children.
B)Occupational segregation remains rigidly in force across all occupations.
C)Female-dominated occupations often pay less than male-dominated occupations.
D)Gender tracking in education discourages men's movement into teaching positions.
(APPL

Question 49

Since 1980,women's median annual income __________,in relation to the median annual income of men.

A)has fallen
B)has risen
D)has cycled through rather large ups and downs
(ANALYZ
D)has stagnated

Question 50

We use the terms heterosexual,homosexual,and bisexual to refer to an individual's __________.

A)gender
B)sex-specific hormones
C)sexual orientation
D)social identity

Question 51

Between 1965 and 2000,married mothers decreased their housework by __________ hours per week.

A)5
B)15
C)10
D)20

Question 52

Since 1973,earnings __________,when adjusted for cost of living.

A)have slowly decreased for men at the top of the income scale
B)have decreased for men at the bottom of the income scale
C)have increased substantially for men at the middle of the income scale
D)have stagnated for men at the bottom of the income scale

Question 53

Why is it unlikely that couples can achieve work-family balance simply by choosing part-time work while rearing children?

A)Part-time jobs typically pay substantially less per hour than full-time work.
B)Too many men refuse to participate in child care,a traditionally female activity.
C)Part-time employment too often requires a career change.
D)Women who are able to support themselves are more apt to leave unhappy marriages.

Question 54

When adjusted for cost-of-living increases,which of the following statements about the earnings of middle-class men is true?

A)Since 1973,the wages for middle-class men have steadily increased.
B)Since 1973,the wages for middle-class men have sharply declined.
C)Since 1973,the wages for middle-class men have steadily declined.
D)Since 1973,the wages for middle-class men have remained essentially unchanged.

Question 55

In the European Union,part-time workers earn__________ full-time workers performing the same job.

A)slightly less pay than
B)slightly more pay than
C)substantially more pay than
D)the same pay as

Question 56

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits hiring discrimination on the basis of __________.

A)race and ethnicity
B)race and sex
C)race and age
D)sex and income

Question 57

Sex researcher Alfred Kinsey suggested that there is a __________ in sexual behavior,from homosexual to heterosexual.

A)genetic basis
B)biological basis
C)strict dichotomy
D)continuum

Question 58

Evolutionary theories explain differences in sexual behavior in terms of __________.

A)socialization
B)peer pressure
C)gender norms
D)genetics

Question 59

Research pertaining to genetics and homosexuality found that,among identical twins,when one twin is homosexual,the other is __________.

A)always also gay
B)never also gay
C)also gay,most of the time
D)not gay, most of the time

Question 60

Sexual attraction and behavior are shaped by __________.

A)biology
B)social construction
C)both biology and social construction
D)neither biology nor social construction

Question 61

The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)was adopted by Congress in ________.

A)2006
B)2001
C)1996
D)1990

Question 62

The letters T and Q in the acronym LGBTQ stand for __________.

A)Transgender and Queer
B)Transgender and Questioning
C)Transsexual and Questioning
D)Transsexual and Queer

Question 63

__________ was the first country to allow same-sex marriage.

A)Denmark
B)France
C)Norway
D)The Netherlands

Question 64

Discrimination based on __________ is not prohibited by U.S.federal law.

A)national origin
B)race
C)religion
D)sexual orientation

Question 65

The gay rights movement got its start __________.

A)In the 1960s in Boston and Los Angeles
B)In the 1970s in Boston and Los Angeles
C)In the 1960s in New York City and San Francisco
D)In the 1970s in New York City and San Francisco

Question 66

Advertisements that portray romantic couples with images of one man and one woman convey __________ messages about sexual orientation.

A)homonormative
B)heteronormative
D)gendernormative
(APPL
D)homophobic

Question 67

__________ are terms used to describe bias directed at persons because of their sexual orientation.

A)Heterosexism and heteronormativity
B)Heterosexism and homophobia
C)Homophobia and homosexism
D)Homophobia and heteronormativity

Question 68

The term sexual minority refers to anyone who is not __________.

A)gay
B)heterosexual
C)bisexual
D)lesbian

Question 69

Some sexual minorities prefer the umbrella term queer to other terms,such as nonheterosexual person of color,lesbian,or bisexual,because __________.

A)they do not like to be pigeonholed into categories
B)the word queer is viewed favorably by the general population
C)the word queer is used by most federal-level institutions to identify sexual minorities
D)the word queer distinguishes them from other minorities

Question 70

The proportion of Americans having sex before marriage is __________.

A)about one in four
B)about one in two
C)about three in four
D)above 90 percent

Question 71

Which of the following is the principal reason why Queer Nation was formed?

A)to focus on the incidence of HIV among gay people
B)to influence legislation pertaining to gay rights
C)to highlight the concerns of nonheterosexual people of color
D)to form a political alliance with feminists

Question 72

In a study of attitudes of parents regarding their 16-year-old children's sexual behavior,almost all __________ parents thought that sex was a natural and appropriate progression of a relationship.

A)Dutch
B)American
C)Protestant
D)single

Question 73

__________ was the first U.S.state to legalize same-sex marriage.

A)Massachusetts
B)Hawaii
C)California
D)New York

Question 74

According to surveys,__________ of sexual minorities have been verbally harassed because of their sexual orientation.

A)20 percent
B)40 percent
C)60 percent
D)80 percent

Question 75

According to an online survey conducted in 2010 by researcher Paula England,__________ of college students had intercourse on their most recent hookup.

A)10 percent
B)20 percent
C)40 percent
D)80 percent

Question 76

Why are women more likely than men to avoid casual sex,according to sociologists?

A)Women are more concerned about contracting sexually transmitted diseases.
B)Women are more concerned about damage to their reputations.
C)Women are less concerned about their own sexual satisfaction.
D)Women are less concerned about increasing their number of offspring.

Question 77

Studies show that evangelical and fundamentalist Christians __________.

A)are more likely than youth from other faith traditions to wait until marriage to have sex
B)are not more likely than youth from other faith traditions to wait until marriage to have sex
C)start having sex later than youth from other faith traditions
D)start having sex earlier than youth from other faith traditions

Question 78

Which of the following statements about the federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)is true?

A)Married same-sex couples have the same rights as married male-female couples,regardless of state laws.
B)Married same-sex couples have the same rights as married male-female couples only in the states where their marriages took place.
C)Married same-sex couples have no right to pass property from one to the other upon death without paying federal estate tax.
D)Married same-sex couples have the right to pass property from one to the other upon death without paying federal estate tax.

Question 79

Which of the following countries does not allow same-sex marriage?

A)Argentina
B)Belgium
C)Mexico
D)South Africa

Question 80

Same-sex marriage was legal in the state of __________ from June to November of 2008,when voters passed Proposition 8 prohibiting it.

A)Vermont
B)Massachusetts
C)Texas
D)California