Deck 12: Immigration

Question 1

The Immigration Act of 1965 eliminated national origins quotas on immigration.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Research shows that immigrants who expect to stay permanently in the United States are more likely to learn English and move out of ethnic enclaves.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Spouses of natural-born U.S.citizens constitute the largest class of immigrants legally admitted to the United States.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The probability of being fluent in English is higher among children born in the United States than those who immigrated with their parents at a young age.
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Question 5

George W.Bush's Council of Economic Advisers concluded that,on average,U.S.citizens do not benefit from immigration.

Question 6

Typically,migrants assume that the lower the cost of migration is,the greater the required improvement in the wage in the receiving country.

Question 7

Social scientists have rarely attempted to assess the impacts of immigration on the United States.

Question 8

Among sociologists,indication of assimilation is limited to acquisition of U.S.citizenship.

Question 9

There were no numerical limitations on immigration to the United States in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Question 10

The queue is much longer for immigrants seeking a family-based category of visa than for immigrants in employment-based categories.

Question 11

After Mexico,China was the top sending country in 2010.

Question 12

The United States is Mexico's largest trading partner.

Question 13

The difference between movers-at-heart and tied movers is based on wage rates in the sending country.

Question 14

Foreign-born citizens of the United States cannot become president or vice-president of the United States.

Question 15

The postwar boom ended the Bracero Program between the United States and Mexico after soldiers returned home at the end of World War II.

Question 16

Important push factors that drive people to leave their home countries include economic hardship or political strife in the receiving country.

Question 17

Countries that have high numbers of emigrants are said to be sending countries.

Question 18

In general,there are two paths to citizenship for foreign-born persons.The first is naturalization,and the second is deriving citizenship from one's parent(s).

Question 19

Allocation of U.S.visas exhibit a strong family focus.

Question 20

The idea of an ethnic enclave has roots in historical periods when people were forced to live with their similars.

Question 21

Migration is a(n)__________,not a(n)__________.

A)process;single event
B)single event;process
C)inflow;outflow
D)outflow;inflow

Question 22

__________ is the act of arriving and settling in a place.

A)Emigration
B)Assimilation
C)Migration
D)Immigration

Question 23

Money and goods flowing between immigrants moves only in one direction,from receiving country to sending country.

Question 24

__________ is the act of leaving a place.

A)Assimilation
B)Emigration
C)Immigration
D)Migration

Question 25

Researchers almost universally believe that the true size of transfers through both formal and informal channels is larger than the recorded amount of such flows.

Question 26

Other names for receiving countries are __________.

A)destination or host countries
B)destination or resident countries
C)host or migratory countries
D)migratory or resident countries

Question 27

In 2010,Mexico received more migrant remittances than any other country.

Question 28

During the Cold War (roughly 1948-1989),the communist countries of Eastern Europe imposed what kind of restriction on emigration?

A)the emigration of Communist Party members
B)the emigration of well-educated and skilled people
C)the emigration of Jews
D)the emigration of anyone

Question 29

According to world migration data for 2010,__________ is the top sending country.

A)China
B)India
C)Mexico
D)the Russian Federation

Question 30

Temporary migrants are more likely to send remittances than permanent residents.

Question 31

According to world migration data for 2010,__________ is the top receiving country.

A)Australia
B)Canada
C)Saudi Arabia
D)the United States

Question 32

George W.Bush's Council of Economic Advisers concluded that 40 percent of scientists with PhDs working in the United States were born abroad.

Question 33

In 2010,how many people lived outside of the country where they were born?

A)about 202 million
B)about 216 million
C)about 225 million
D)about 254 million

Question 34

Countries with high numbers of emigrants are __________.

A)host countries
B)migratory countries
C)resident countries
D)sending countries

Question 35

According to world migration data for 2010,the top fifteen sending countries are located on which continents?

A)Africa,Asia,and Australia
B)Africa,Asia,and South America
C)Asia,Europe,and North America
D)Asia,Europe,and South America

Question 36

The decision to emigrate and the consequences of immigrating are the result of __________.

A)social structures and restrictions on certain groups
B)social structures
C)individual motivations and personalities
D)individual motivations and personalities and social structures

Question 37

According to world migration data for 2010,the top fifteen receiving countries are located on which continents?

A)Asia,Australia,Europe,and North America
B)Asia,Europe,and North America
C)Australia,Europe,and North America
D)Europe and North America

Question 38

When it comes to migration,what pertinent assumption about people's motivations do sociologists make?

A)that family dynamics matter more than individual motivations
B)that everyone who migrates wants a better life
C)that everyone who migrates rejects their country of origin
D)that children who migrate lack motivation

Question 39

Who are the members of a country's diaspora?

A)well-educated and skilled people who have left their countries of origin to make more money
B)people who have returned to their countries of origin after temporary stays abroad
C)people who have settled outside their countries of origin
D)people who have been expelled from their countries of origin for criminal offenses

Question 40

A sociological approach to immigration as a process considers all of the following EXCEPT __________

A)the planning stage
B)the distance traveled
C)the actual migration
D)the initial idea

Question 41

A __________ is a document authorizing a foreign-born person to enter a country,either permanently or temporarily.

A)migration contract
B)passport
C)transit application
D)visa

Question 42

Why was the Bracero Program started?

A)to circumvent the quota system imposed by the National Origins Act
B)to supply the growing aviation industry with skilled labor,in the years after World War II
C)to supply labor for defense industry jobs during World War II
D)to stem labor shortages,especially in agriculture and railroad maintenance,in the years after World War II

Question 43

How many classes of nonimmigrant visas does the United States authorize?

A)17
B)23
C)26
D)32

Question 44

Which of the following statements about the requirements for naturalization is false?

A)Naturalization requires knowledge of U.S.history and government.
B)Naturalization requires knowledge of English.
C)Naturalization requires a parent who is a U.S.citizen.
D)Naturalization requires a period of time as an LPR.

Question 45

Among foreign-born persons living in the United States,which of the following may NOT be authorized to work?

A)foreign-born citizens
B)LPRs
C)nonimmigrants
D)unauthorized migrants

Question 46

Foreign-born persons living in the United States who become citizens have undergone what process?

A)immigration
B)legalization
C)naturalization
D)repudiation

Question 47

Guards stationed at the Berlin Wall had orders to __________.

A)revoke citizenship rights of anyone attempting to leave East Germany
B)detain,for 24 hours,anyone attempting to leave East Germany
C)imprison anyone attempting to leave East Germany
D)shoot to kill anyone attempting to leave East Germany

Question 48

Which of the following statements about refugee or asylum status is true?

A)Asylum status can be sought only at a port of entry.
B)Asylum status can be sought only from outside the United States.
C)A referral for refugee status can be sought only from outside the United States.
D)Refugee status can be sought only when a person is already in the United States.

Question 49

Which statement best characterizes the second immigration era in U.S.history (1875-1920)?

A)The second immigration era in U.S.history can be best characterized as a period when immigration was largely unrestricted.
B)The second immigration era in U.S.history can be best characterized as a period when there were no numerical limitations on immigration,only a growing set of exclusions.
C)The second immigration era in U.S.history can be best characterized as a period when growing numerical limitations on immigration matched a growing set of exclusions.
D)The second immigration era in U.S.history can be best characterized as free of explicit policy controls.

Question 50

At present,over 4.5 million persons waiting for numerically limited visas are approved,even though only approximately 366,000 visas are available each year,totaling over _____________ of visas that are already claimed.

A)7 years'
B)4 years'
C)12 years'
D)28 years'

Question 51

Which of the following statements about the first immigration era in U.S.history (1789-1874)is true?

A)During the first immigration era in U.S.history,noncitizens could vote.
B)During the first immigration era in U.S.history,immigration was largely restricted to English,Dutch,and German immigrants.
C)During the first immigration era in U.S.history,political parties actively campaigned for the loyalties of ethnic immigrant communities.
D)During the first immigration era in U.S.history,a tax on each person entering the country was instituted.

Question 52

Which groups did the National Origins Act of 1924 primarily attempt to exclude?

A)Germans,Italians,and Jews
B)Irish,Jews,and Slavs
C)Italians,Jews,and Slavs
D)Jews and Slavs

Question 53

Numerically unlimited LPR status is granted to which group or groups of people?

A)spouses of adult U.S.citizens
B)spouses and children of adult U.S.citizens
C)spouses,children,and parents of adult U.S.citizens
D)spouses,children,siblings,and parents of adult U.S.citizens

Question 54

How long may foreign-born persons with F-1 student visas stay in the United States?

A)one year
B)four years
C)until their course of study is completed
D)indefinitely

Question 55

Emigration and immigration policies refer to sets of rules and regulations established by countries with regards to __________.

A)currency transfers
B)foreign exchange
C)the movement of people across borders
D)the movement of people and goods across borders

Question 56

Current U.S.law recognizes __________ different classes of foreign-born persons living in the United States.

A)two
B)four
C)five
D)six

Question 57

Another name for a legal permanent resident is __________.

A)authorized migrant
B)legal immigrant
C)naturalized citizen
D)nonimmigrant

Question 58

Why is a green card so coveted by foreign-born persons?

A)It is the paper evidence of asylum status.
B)It is the paper evidence of LPR status.
C)It is the paper evidence of refugee status.
D)It is the paper evidence of temporary legal status.

Question 59

How many persons per year are admitted to the United States with LPR status?

A)about 50,000
B)about 500,000
C)about 1 million
D)about 1.5 million

Question 60

How are visas designated for persons from countries underrepresented in recent immigration to the United States assigned?

A)by congressional petition
B)on a first-come,first served basis
C)by lottery
D)by presidential order

Question 61

What is the difference between stayers-at-heart and tied stayers?

A)Stayers-at-heart have low desire to migrate.
B)Stayers-at-heart have high desire to migrate.
C)Tied stayers lack sufficient push factors.
D)Tied stayers lack sufficient pull factors.

Question 62

Which of the following statements about assimilation best defines the process?

A)Assimilation is the process by which movers adopt the language of their host countries.
B)Assimilation is the process during which the pace at which movers adopt the language of their host countries accelerates.
C)Assimilation is the process ensures that immigrants learn to fit in before they move outward from isolated ethnic enclaves.
D)Assimilation is the process by which movers adapt to their new societies.

Question 63

What do some fear will happen if immigrants fail to assimilate?

A)movers will threaten the social fabric
B)movers will raise the level of their remittances to sending countries
C)movers will establish private schools
D)movers will become citizens

Question 64

Who once wrote of immigrants,that "by an intermixture with our people,they,or their descendants,get assimilated to our customs,measures,and laws: in a word,soon become one people."

A)John Adams
B)Thomas Jefferson
C)John Marshall
D)George Washington

Question 65

What does intermarriage reduce the likelihood of,in the context of assimilation?

A)the likelihood of achieving higher socioeconomic status
B)the likelihood of remaining in the host country
C)the likelihood of living together with the native-born population
D)the likelihood of passing the culture of the home country on to the next generation

Question 66

If the desire to migrate is strongest among the healthiest individuals in a sending country,sociologists say that __________.

A)selection on health is negative
B)selection on health is positive
C)health is a push factor
D)health is a pull factor

Question 67

Among the following,who is least likely to move out of an ethnic enclave?

A)Emilio Mendosa ,who is 77 years old and plans to stay in the United States for the rest of his life
B)Angel Delgado,an LPR who just turned 18 and only speaks Spanish
C)Joseph Mbuyo,who speaks English fluently
D)Pradhiba Kannaiyan,whose stay in America is temporary

Question 68

Of the following indicators,which is generally considered a poor sign of assimilation?

A)whether immigrants learn the language of the host country
B)whether immigrants become citizens of the host country
C)whether immigrants start smoking or quit smoking
D)whether immigrants are spatially concentrated

Question 69

Under U.S.immigration law,immigrant parents of children __________ their own children in order to obtain LPR status for those children.

A)are required to sponsor
B)are not allowed to sponsor
C)may sponsor
D)very reluctantly sponsor

Question 70

Of the following factors,which would be more likely than the others to influence immigrants to live near kin or conationals?

A)higher degree of assimilation
B)intermarriage
C)limited English fluency
D)socioeconomic status close to that of native-born citizens

Question 71

Geographic areas that attract large numbers of persons of any single kind have come to be called __________.

A)conational communities
B)ethnic enclaves
C)foreign folds
D)new immigrant networks

Question 72

Which two factors generally lead to lower spatial concentration of immigrants?

A)lower socioeconomic status and lengthier duration of stay in the host country
B)higher socioeconomic status and lengthier duration of stay in the host country
C)higher socioeconomic status and degree of English fluency
D)lower socioeconomic status and degree of English fluency

Question 73

Based on data from the New Immigrant Survey (2003)of the basic characteristics of new legal immigrants over 18 years of age,which of the following statements is true?

A)less than a quarter of new legal immigrants is female
B)one-third of new legal immigrants is female
C)one-half of new legal immigrants is female
D)more than one-half of new legal immigrants is female

Question 74

For whom is the cost of migration likely to be lowest?

A)for a low-skill,low-wage immigrant with low migrant energy
B)for a high-skill,high wage immigrant,whose parents were stayers,not movers
C)for a healthy immigrant with high migrant energy
D)for a third-generation immigrant whose grandparents and parents were movers,not stayers

Question 75

Among the following factors,which is generally NOT considered a factor that influences decisions to migrate?

A)economic hardship in the sending country
B)political strife in the sending country
C)shared history and borders between sending and receiving country
D)higher wage rates in the sending country

Question 76

However great their desire to move,some people will not migrate.What is the most plausible reason for this?

A)Some individuals are tied stayers.
B)Emigration and immigration policies bar some individuals from crossing borders.
C)The search to make life better usually begins and ends locally.
D)Most individuals,given the complexities of family dynamics,are rarely movers-at-heart.

Question 77

Which of the following is least likely to be considered an ethnic enclave?

A)Koreatown in Los Angeles
B)Greenwich Village of New York
C)a Spanish-language barrio in Chicago
D)a Spanish-language colonia in Texas

Question 78

Since the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,what new measure has the government imposed on foreign-born persons in the United States or who wish to travel or study here?

A)The United States has established a Diversity Visa Program,which limits immigration of people from the Caribbean.
B)The United States has raised the eligibility requirements for lottery visas.
C)The United States has made it more difficult for people from countries with large Muslim populations to enter the country.
D)The United States has opened a new channel for "independent" immigration.

Question 79

Visas issued in the family-sponsored category,require what kind of documentation,in addition to national identity cards,birth certificates,and military records?

A)an asylum application
B)an affidavit of support signed by a U.S.-based sponsor
C)sponsorship of a U.S.employer
D)birth certificate of a U.S.-born relative

Question 80

Who once wrote of immigrants,"...the settling of them in a body ...may be much questioned;for,by so doing,they retain the language,habits,and principles (good or bad)which they bring with them."

A)John Adams
B)Thomas Jefferson
C)John Marshall
D)George Washington