Deck 13: Families and Family Life

Question 1

A man with multiple marital partners is engaging in polygamy.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Parents today spend less time with their children than parents of decades ago.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The traditional family rose to prominence in the 1950s as a consequence of World War II prosperity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The proponents of the family values perspective view the acceptance of same-sex marriage as the devaluation of heterosexual marriage.

Question 5

The nuclear family consists of the people linked to us by birth-our parents,siblings,and extended kin.

Question 6

The U.S.Census Bureau would classify college roommates as a family unit.

Question 7

Families are not types but rather a set of dynamic processes.

Question 8

Christine Whelan's research (2008)found that the most important trait that men seek in prospective wives is good looks.

Question 9

The rise of industrialization fostered the rise of a new family unit,the "conjugal family."

Question 10

Proponents of the family decline perspective argue that basic social and economic forces have eroded the foundations of the breadwinner-homemaker family.

Question 11

Children in high-conflict families whose parents divorce fare better than children raised in high-conflict families whose parents do not divorce.

Question 12

Most Americans consider having a baby as the most significant marker of adulthood.

Question 13

Second shift is a term coined by journalist Lisa Belkin.

Question 14

"Concerted cultivation" is a parental practice common to low-income American families.

Question 15

Families tend to ignore the economic value of care,especially when it is performed by a family member without a wage or salary attached to the work.

Question 16

Women more than men are adversely affected by the second shift.

Question 17

Ninety percent of all Americans eventually marry.

Question 18

In 2006,the U.S.Census Bureau reported that less than half of American households contained a married couple.

Question 19

Our family of orientation consists only of our spouses and children.

Question 20

Christine Whelan's research (2008)found that the least important trait that men seek in prospective wives is good health.

Question 21

U.S.social policy stresses the collectivistic approach.

Question 22

Johanna's parents and her two sisters comprise her __________.

A)family of orientation
B)family of procreation
C)extended family
D)blended family

Question 23

In China,the eldest son and his wife are expected to live with his parents and obey their authority.China is an example of a(n)__________ society.

A)matrilocal
B)patrilocal
C)polygamous
D)polyamorous

Question 24

Some residents in low-income neighborhoods create networks of caretaking and financial support with other residents outside kinship bonds,which sociologists call __________.

A)fictive kin
B)substitute family
C)bonded family
D)extended family

Question 25

The proponents of the family decline perspective identify all of the following factors as contributors to declines in adult commitment EXCEPT __________.

A)lower marriage rates
B)rising divorce rates
C)rising rates of cohabitation
D)lower rates of premarital sex

Question 26

Who referred to middle-class women's confinement to domesticity as "the problem that has no name"?

A)Gloria Steinem
B)Hillary Clinton
C)Betty Freidan
D)William Whyte

Question 27

Sociologist William Whyte referred to the conformity expected of the __________ in 1950s America.

A)"traditional family"
B)"suburban patriarch"
C)"organization man"
D)"suburban matriarch"

Question 28

Earl is married and has two children.His spouse and his children comprise his __________.

A)family of orientation
B)family of procreation
C)extended family
D)blended family

Question 29

__________ define families as groups of people who live together and share legal ties.

A)Anthropologists
B)Biologists
C)Historians
D)Demographers

Question 30

The U.S.Census Bureau would consider all the following sets of people as families EXCEPT __________.

A)a married couple with two adopted children
B)an elderly woman and her adult son and his wife
C)a married couple with no children
D)college-age roommates

Question 31

A 2007 Pew survey found that most Americans are accepting of unwed motherhood.

Question 32

In 1950,almost __________ percent of U.S.households consisted of a married couple.

A)50
B)60
C)70
D)80

Question 33

Which of the following statements about the changing composition of U.S.households over the last 40 years,from 1970 to 2011,is true?

A)The percentage of men living alone has decreased.
B)The percentage of nonfamily households has increased.
C)The percentage of married couples with children has increased.
D)The percentage of women living alone has decreased.

Question 34

Sweden's policy of parental leave allows parents to take up to 480 days off work after a child is born or adopted.

Question 35

Which family form is the numerical majority in the present-day United States?

A)The traditional breadwinner-homemaker couple and their children represents the numerical majority.
B)The dual-earner couple represents the numerical majority.
C)The cohabitating homosexual couple represents the numerical majority.
D)There is no numerical majority.

Question 36

Anthropologists see families as __________.

A)kinship systems
B)familial networks
C)legal entities
D)inheritance clusters

Question 37

__________ is the practice of marriage of one individual to two or more other individuals.

A)Patrilocalism
B)Patriarchy
C)Polygamy
D)Progressive plurality

Question 38

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski's study of the Trobriand Islanders observed that __________.

A)uncles performed many of the duties that Western societies associate with fatherhood
B)polygamy was the norm rather than the exception
C)same sex-marriages were as common as heterosexual relationships
D)marriages between cousins and siblings were common among the ruling elite

Question 39

"Natural growth" is a parental practice engaged in by working-class families.

Question 40

Most Europeans can begin families without regard to considerations of healthcare and educational access.

Question 41

According to sociologist Christine Whelan,in 2008,men ranked __________ as the most desirable trait in a potential wife.

A)good looks
B)sociability
C)intelligence
D)mutual attraction

Question 42

Robert and Sarah both work full-time jobs.They take turns cooking dinner and taking their children to their extracurricular activities.Their relationship can best be described as __________.

A)egalitarian
B)traditional
C)polarized
D)inequitable

Question 43

According to sociologist Christine Whelan,in 2008,men ranked __________ as the least desirable trait in potential wives.

A)dependable character
B)good health
C)good cook
D)chastity

Question 44

An important argument in favor of diverse family forms,the __________,is ignored by proponents of family decline.

A)freedom to choose in intimate matters
B)devaluation of heterosexual marriage
C)undermining of family bonds needed to raise healthy children
D)weakening of fathers' positions as heads of households

Question 45

The rise of the conjugal family unit during the period of rapid industrialization elevated emotional need for love and companionship as criteria for selecting marriage partners over __________

A)social affability
B)parental approval
C)ethnic group membership
D)religious affiliation

Question 46

Women are far more likely than men to assume household duties in addition to working full-time jobs,an inequality that Arlie Hochschild has dubbed __________.

A)the second shift
B)the care-work conflict
C)the female burden
D)instrumentation

Question 47

Sociologist Arlie Hochschild attributes marital tensions that stem from second-shift inequality to women who __________.

A)fail to adjust to their evolving roles
B)feel unappreciated and shortchanged
C)participate,to an excessive degree,in the lives of their children
D)put workplace priorities before at-home priorities

Question 48

What percentage of Americans eventually chooses to marry?

A)50
B)60
C)75
D)90

Question 49

In an effort to cope with marital tensions faced by an unequal second shift,Nancy and Evan Holt,the couple described in your text,__________.Hochschild stresses,however,that developing strategies such as this do not-and cannot-change the underlying conditions from which the tensions stem.

A)decided that it was best that Evan pick up a second part-time job
B)determined that Nancy should quit her job and become a stay-at-home mother
C)divided up the household chores between the two of them
D)hired a part-time nanny

Question 50

One of the liberalizing outcomes of the sexual revolution was the __________.

A)destigmatization of premarital sex
B)resurgence of sexual double standards
C)closeting of gay and other previously hidden relationships
D)rising incidence of AIDS

Question 51

The gender restructuring perspective on family change recognizes that __________ has(have)changed but __________ has(have)not.

A)the structure jobs and careers;the care-taking needs of families
B)women;men
C)mothers;fathers
D)the care-taking needs of families;the structure of jobs and careers

Question 52

All of the following are types of care work EXCEPT __________.

A)paid work feeding disabled adults
B)unpaid work nursing disabled children
C)paid work grooming elderly residents in a nursing facility
D)unpaid work canvassing for votes for the passage of mental health tax levies

Question 53

The economic restructuring perspective on family change asserts that __________.

A)economic forces have eroded the breadwinner-homemaker family
B)declining morality has eroded the breadwinner-homemaker family
C)social policies should focus on reviving "traditional" marriage to reverse erosion of the breadwinner-homemaker family
D)selfishness and unfettered individualism have eroded the breadwinner-homemaker family

Question 54

Proponents of the economic restructuring perspective on family change consider all of the following to be consequences of a new economic order EXCEPT __________.

A)the blurring of gender boundaries
B)the rise of dual-earner families
C)an emphasis on individual choice and self-reliance
D)financial stability among middle-class families

Question 55

Who are most likely to work a full day outside the home for pay and perform a second shift of unpaid labor at home?

A)women
B)men
C)newlyweds
D)the elderly

Question 56

In 2006,for the first time in U.S.history,the Census Bureau __________.

A)started tracking cohabiting couples
B)reported that less than half of U.S.households contained a married couple
C)started tracking gay and lesbian couples
D)reported that over half of U.S.households contained married couples with children

Question 57

In the past two years,Joseph has made and broken intimate bonds with five partners in a pattern of behavior known as __________.

A)polygamy
B)cenogamy
C)serial relationships
D)sexual double standard

Question 58

During the polarizing trend in gender roles that proceeded from industrialization,the process in which women became responsible for emotional and caretaking duties to the exclusion of men has been termed __________.

A)the second shift
B)the female burden
C)instrumentation
D)the feminization of love

Question 59

The "opt-out revolution" refers to __________.

A)women who balance work and family
B)men who leave the workplace to care for their children
C)women who leave the workplace to care for their children
D)women who reject marriage in favor of alternatives to traditional marriage

Question 60

The rise of industrialization in the nineteenth century fostered the rise of __________.

A)broken families
B)extended families
C)conjugal families
D)blended families

Question 61

The extended time it now takes to complete the transition from adolescence to adulthood is called __________ by some sociologists and __________ by others.

A)second adolescence;delayed adulthood
B)delayed adulthood;the age of independence
C)the age of independence;second adolescence
D)second adolescence;the age of dependence

Question 62

Which group is most likely never to marry?

A)college graduates
B)high-school graduates with some college
C)high-school graduates
D)people without high-school diplomas

Question 63

Which social class is most likely to engage in "natural growth," according to researcher Annette Lareau?

A)the middle class
B)the working class
C)the working poor
D)the underclass

Question 64

In contrast to "concerted cultivation," researcher Annette Lareau defines "natural growth" as a form of parenting that includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A)unstructured play and leisure activity
B)informal conversation
C)deference to authority figures
D)acquisition of language skills

Question 65

In 2000,what percentage of children lived in a two-parent household with a working father and a nonworking mother?

A)10
B)21
C)35
D)47

Question 66

"Man-cession" refers to a(n)__________.

A)demographic shift resulting in women having fewer opportunities to find romantic partners
B)economic shift resulting in more men than women losing their jobs
C)economic shift resulting in reductions in men's contributions to care work in the home
D)cultural shift resulting in more men than women choosing not to marry

Question 67

Which social class,according to researcher Annette Lareau,is most likely to engage in "concerted cultivation"?

A)the middle class
B)the working class
C)the working poor
D)the underclass

Question 68

In terms of the benefits and drawbacks that sociologists have associated with the expanding period of early adulthood,which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Men and women eventually want satisfying,committed relationships.
B)Women,but not men,fear finding the right partner.
C)Women and men emphasize work as central source of personal identity.
D)Men and women want flexible,generally equal partnerships.

Question 69

Which of the following statements about parenthood does research confirm is false?

A)Parents spend less time with their children than they did decades ago.
B)The 2010 labor participation rate of women with children under 6 in their households was above 60 percent.
C)Employed mothers are more likely than fathers to perform the lion's share of domestic duties.
D)Mothers,whether employed or not,feel conflict about not being able to live up to the expectations of being mothers.

Question 70

Poor people marry less often than other income groups because __________.

A)their pool of eligible mates is significantly smaller than those of other social classes
B)the cultural code of the poor frowns upon divorce
C)they have fewer resources and opportunities than other classes
D)marriage is not valued by the poor

Question 71

In 1960,by the age of 30,__________ percent of men had completed all of life's major transitions,including finishing school and getting married.

A)30
B)45
C)65
D)85

Question 72

When class is defined according to occupation,people are classified as middle class or upper middle class if at least one family member is __________.

A)in a blue-collar position
B)in a managerial position
C)in a pink-collar position
D)engaged in service work

Question 73

Researcher Annette Lareau defines "concerted cultivation" as form of intensive parenting that includes all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A)scheduled activities
B)acquisition of language skills
C)deference to authority figures
D)a sense of entitlement

Question 74

Marriage rates have declined most steeply among __________.

A)white men
B)white women
C)the less educated
D)the college educated

Question 75

Researcher Sharon Hays (1996)found that standards of intense mothering exist among __________.

A)the upper classes
B)the middle classes
C)first-time parents
D)all social classes

Question 76

Single-parent families are most common among _________.

A)African Americans
B)Hispanics
C)Asian Americans
D)non-Hispanic whites

Question 77

In 2002,90 percent of Americans agreed that __________ is quite important or extremely important as a marker that defines adulthood.

A)leaving home
B)getting married
C)having a baby
D)completing formal schooling

Question 78

The research on divorce indicates that _________.

A)some children benefit from divorce
B)a mother's standard of living increases following a divorce
C)divorced women who don't remarry within a year of their divorces never remarry
D)children never benefit from divorce

Question 79

What is meant by the "sleeper effect" in understanding the consequences of divorce?

A)Children of divorce may not feel its harmful consequences until years after the divorce.
B)Children of divorce have trouble sleeping for years after the divorce.
C)Adults experience a resurgence of love for their divorced spouses for years after their divorces.
D)Adults require sleeping medications for years after their divorces because of persistent depression.

Question 80

In 2000,by the age of 30,__________ percent of men had completed all of life's major transitions,including finishing school and getting married.

A)31
B)45
C)65
D)85