Deck 15: Education

Question 1

Girls are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college in the United States than boys,especially among students of color.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Sociologists offer two competing explanations as to why people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards: socialization theory and allocation theory.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Average per-pupil spending on elementary and secondary pupils in the United States,based on 2007 census data,is just under $10,000.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

U.S.students spend much more time working at jobs and socializing compared to Indian and Chinese students.

Question 5

In France,the funding of schools,the curriculum,and the standards for student and teacher achievement are controlled by local government authorities at the provincial level.

Question 6

Smokers with more education are more likely to quit smoking than smokers with less education.

Question 7

One major function of schooling is socializing young people into the habits,attitudes,and practices of contributing members of a community,religion,or nation.

Question 8

The pay gap between high school and college graduates has been narrowing since the late 1970s.

Question 9

Approximately 1.5 million children are home-schooled in the United States today.

Question 10

According to the U.S.Constitution,the power to educate is reserved to the states.

Question 11

By law,schools within the same district must spend the same amount of money per pupil to educate students.

Question 12

In the science fields,the proportion of women receiving bachelor's degrees is higher in chemistry than in computer science.

Question 13

Level of education is rarely a factor in decisions about whom we decide to marry.

Question 14

Education in the United States is a single,uniform system that is available to every child in the same way.

Question 15

Knowing how to dress,act,present oneself at work,and being able to work well with other people are examples of "hard skills."

Question 16

Socialization theory sees education as channeling people into positions or institutions that offer different opportunities for continuing to think,learn,and earn.

Question 17

Closure practices operate independently of the human capital that a person possesses.

Question 18

The gender gap in education favors boys compared to girls with respect to achievement and attainment but favors females compared to males with respect to attending selective colleges and choosing majors that lead to higher paying careers.

Question 19

Today,the United States leads the world in the amount of education its citizens receive and in educational achievement.

Question 20

One factor that might help girls perform better in school is that they tend to spend more time on homework and are less likely to have disciplinary problems.

Question 21

Among the following,which plays a role in the sorting function of students into particular jobs?

A)accreditation
B)credentialism
C)criticism
D)socialization

Question 22

After the end of World War II,how did the government choose to regulate the flow of workers into the labor market and avoid high unemployment among former soldiers?

A)by reclaiming farmland in the West
B)by issuing the GI Bill
C)by guaranteeing private pensions
D)by using a federal stimulus to create and save jobs for teachers,principals,and school nurses

Question 23

Web 3.0 technologies are expected,among other things,to add intelligence to Internet search functionality by being able to understand the meanings of words in context,analyze data searchers have given it,learn about searchers' preferences,and even predict searchers' needs and behaviors.

Question 24

Knowing how to dress,act,and present oneself at work,and being able to work well with other people are examples of __________.

A)citizenship skills
B)"higher-order skills"
C)"soft skills"
D)technical skills

Question 25

Unstated standards of behavior or teachers' expectations comprise all the following EXCEPT __________.

A)gender roles
B)respect for authority
C)loyal citizenship
D)intellectual skills and content

Question 26

Sociologists offer two competing explanations as to why people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards.What are they?

A)allocation theory and labeling theory
B)allocation theory and classical economic theory
C)socialization theory and allocation theory
D)socialization theory and human capital theory

Question 27

Besides learning skills and knowledge,schools serve three other major purposes.What are they?

A)economic,future preparation,and socialization functions
B)economic,citizenship,and gender role functions
C)future preparation,socialization,and self-worth functions
D)socialization,self-worth,and online learning functions

Question 28

Teachers of high-track students spend more time on discipline than teachers of low-track students.

Question 29

The United States __________ the world in the amount of education its citizens receive.

A)matches
B)leads
C)for the first time in history leads
D)no longer leads

Question 30

Of the following,which is NOT a socioeconomic reward of more education?

A)higher unemployment
B)higher-status occupations
C)higher earnings,on average
D)greater representation in competitive professions and fields

Question 31

An unintended consequence of high-stakes testing is the response by schools to shed students with low scores by encouraging them to drop out.

Question 32

What does socialization theory suggest about education?

A)that education doesn't change people but moves them along different routes that influence how much they earn
B)that education transmits knowledge,skills,and values that persist in adulthood and that employers believe increase productivity
C)that people with more education are paid more because they are more intelligent
D)that education changes people in ways that influences how much they earn

Question 33

Among the following,who is exhibiting a soft skill?

A)Aaron,who is teaching others how to fill out a new timesheet at work
B)Bonita,who is solving geometric inequalities
C)Charles,who is waiting for a ride home
D)Denise,who is reading in the library

Question 34

Which of the following life outcomes for Sylvia is more likely than the others because she failed to complete high school?

A)Sylvia has a college degree.
B)Sylvia has a full-time job.
C)Sylvia is married.
D)Sylvia is unmarried.

Question 35

What do sociologists mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum of schools?

A)changing intellectual skills and content
B)unstated standards of behavior or teachers' expectations
C)socialization of students into the habits and practices of contributing members of society
D)prevention of crime and the teaching of religion

Question 36

What does human capital theory suggest about education?

A)that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students
B)that people with less education can close the pay gap by acquiring mentors
C)that people with more education are paid more because they are more productive
D)that schools with the best-performing teachers produce more students who earn doctorate degrees

Question 37

Research on contemporary college and university students in the United States shows they study less than __________as students in the 1950s.

A)a tenth as much
B)a quarter as much
C)a third as much
D)half as much

Question 38

The digital divide refers to the social,economic,and cultural gap between those with effective access to information technology and those without such access.

Question 39

What does allocation theory suggest about education?

A)that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students
B)that people with less education can close the pay gap by acquiring mentors
C)that people with more education are paid more because they are more productive
D)that education moves people along different routes that influence how much they earn

Question 40

Highly selective colleges and universities appear to be relying more on total online instruction than less selective universities.

Question 41

Which of the following statements is false?

A)on average,women with bachelor's degrees earn more than men with high school diplomas
B)on average,women with bachelor's degrees earn more than men with associate's degrees
C)on average,men with bachelor's degrees earn more than women with master's degrees
D)on average,men with bachelor's degrees earn less than men with master's degrees

Question 42

Sociologists commonly assess educational attainment using all the following measurements EXCEPT __________.

A)standardized test scores and grade point averages
B)college attendance and graduation rates
C)hours spent working at jobs
D)rates of placement in gifted or special education programs

Question 43

Which of the following statements about less educated workers is true?

A)They are more likely to perform mental work.
B)They have more control over the pace of their work.
C)They are more likely to have wider and bigger social networks.
D)They are more likely to do manual labor.

Question 44

People with more education tend to live longer.This is true of __________.

A)men but not women
B)white women but not black women
C)women but not men
D)men and women,whether white or black

Question 45

The fact that people with comparable occupations and incomes participate more in the civic and political life of their communities when they have more education is consistent the __________ view of education.

A)allocation
B)classical economic
C)labeling
D)socialization

Question 46

Evidence suggests that one of the following statements about the relationship of education to health and life expectancy is false.Which is it?

A)More highly educated people are able to take their medicines on a prescribed schedule.
B)More highly educated people use seat belts.
C)More highly educated people who smoke are less likely to quit.
D)More highly educated people have better access to health information.

Question 47

What do sociologists mean when they say that education serves a credentialing function?

A)that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students
B)that education doesn't change people but moves them along different routes that influence how much they earn
C)that education limits entry into some occupations and thus raises the rewards for people in them
D)that schools with the best-performing teachers produce more students who earn multiple degrees

Question 48

What is the national average,based on 2007 census data,spent per pupil in the United States to educate elementary and secondary students?

A)under $9,000
B)slightly more than $9,500
C)slightly more than $10,000
D)over $12,000

Question 49

The disparity in educational achievement between whites and Asian Americans,who tend to fare better,on average,than African American,Latino/a,and Native American students __________.

A)is a fairly recent phenomenon
B)has persisted over 30 years
C)has been steadily declining since 1980
D)has been all but eliminated

Question 50

The educational experiences of American children,regardless of social class differences,__________.

A)are likely to be quite different
B)are likely to be quite similar
C)are likely to be constrained by equal opportunity
D)are not likely to be the focus of sociological study

Question 51

For lower-class white males,educational attainment is __________ to occupation and income.

A)strongly related
B)moderately related
C)slightly related
D)largely negatively related

Question 52

Over the last 50 years,family income __________ in explaining the educational achievement gap.

A)has become less important than race
B)has become more important than race
C)has become as important as race
D)has become as inconsequential as race

Question 53

For upper-class white males,social origin is __________ to occupation and income.

A)strongly related
B)moderately related
C)slightly related
D)largely negatively related

Question 54

Based on 2007 census data,__________ spent the most and __________ spent the least per pupil to educate elementary and secondary students

A)Massachusetts;Mississippi
B)Massachusetts;Arkansas
C)New Jersey;Mississippi
D)New York;Utah

Question 55

How did U.S.students rank in comparison with other students of the world on the International Student Assessment tests in 2009?

A)better than average in reading,better than average in science,and better than average in math
B)better than average in reading,better than average in science,and worse than average in math
C)better than average in reading,worse than average in science,and worse than average in math
D)worse than average in reading,worse than average in science,and worse than average in math

Question 56

Which of the following practices is NOT directly associated with social closure?

A)certification
B)educational credentialing
C)supervision
D)unionization

Question 57

How has marriage changed in recent decades?

A)Educated Americans are marrying at an older age,having fewer children,but having them somewhat sooner.
B)Educated American women,in particular,are waiting longer to marry.
C)Educated Americans are marrying at an older age but having similar numbers of children as their parents.
D)Educated American women are having fewer children at a somewhat sooner age than their mothers.

Question 58

In a sociological context,SES is an abbreviation for __________

A)socioeconomic sanctions
B)socioeconomic stability
C)socioeconomic statistics
D)socioeconomic status

Question 59

__________ refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own.

A)Educational homogamy
B)Marriage homogamy
C)Marriage determinism
D)Pair symmetry

Question 60

Social closure practices,which __________,include licensing.

A)limit entry into some occupations
B)lower entry pay for some occupations
C)produce unemployment among some occupational classes
D)affect eligibility for unemployment benefits

Question 61

Educational systems around the world differ in three important ways: __________.

A)access,control and funding,and student-teacher ratio
B)access,control and funding,and private versus public education
C)control and funding,private versus public education,and segregation by gender
D)private versus public education,segregation by gender,and competency of teachers

Question 62

Why does tracking persist,even though it clearly segregates students by social class and ethnicity?

A)Privileged parents feel that tracking gives their children educational benefits.
B)Tracking by ability group increases teachers' perceptions of what grades are appropriate for students in different tracks.
C)Movement toward detracking has never gained much support.
D)Many teachers prefer to manage classrooms with a range of student abilities.

Question 63

In the science fields,women earn larger percentages of bachelor's degrees in which two disciplines?

A)biology and chemistry
B)chemistry and computer science
C)electrical engineering and biology
D)physics and chemistry

Question 64

Which of the following statements about the No Child Left Behind (NCLB)Act is false?

A)Annual tests of third to eighth graders in reading and math are required.
B)An intended goal is to reduce the achievement gap between low-income or minority children and higher-income or white children.
C)Reports of school-level data on students' test scores for various student subgroups are required.
D)NCLB rewards or punishes school districts,schools,and teachers for the tested achievement of their students and prescribes consequences for students.

Question 65

In the United States how much funding for schools comes from the federal government?

A)less than 10 percent
B)15 percent
C)18 percent
D)22 percent

Question 66

The gender gap in education favors girls over boys with respect to __________.

A)earning economics degrees
B)attending selective colleges
C)achievement and attainment
D)choosing majors that lead to higher-paying careers

Question 67

What type of activity is possible with Web 1.0 technologies?

A)gaming and remixing
B)publishing and gaming
C)searching and publishing
D)searching and reading

Question 68

Prosperous and white children are __________ as poor or minority children to attend private schools.

A)just as likely
B)two times as likely
C)three times as likely
D)four times as likely

Question 69

Women and men in the United States are about equally likely to earn all the following degrees EXCEPT __________.

A)bachelor's degrees
B)law degrees
C)MDs
D)PhDs

Question 70

Differences in achievement test scores can be explained,in part,by the differences in the courses that students take,especially in which three subjects?

A)science,math,and economics
B)science,math,and English
C)math,English,and foreign language
D)math,science,and foreign language

Question 71

Women have higher college completion rates in __________.

A)Japan
B)Korea
C)Switzerland
D)the United States

Question 72

Of the following statements about the learning experience of high-track students,which is false?

A)High-track students spend less time away from the classroom on field trips.
B)High-track students are taught more vocabulary words.
C)High-track students receive better teachers and learning materials.
D)High-track students receive less direction and criticism.

Question 73

What percentage of U.S.college students attends public nonprofit colleges and universities?

A)85 percent
B)75 percent
C)65 percent
D)55 percent

Question 74

Where is tracking a particularly widespread practice?

A)in large,diverse school systems and in schools serving primarily lower-class students
B)in religiously affiliated schools with sizable immigrant populations
C)in upper-middle-class suburban schools,whether private or public
D)in new parochial schools with relatively inexperienced faculties

Question 75

In the social and behavioral fields,women earn the smallest share of degrees in which discipline?

A)accounting
B)economics
C)history
D)physical education

Question 76

Tracking is __________.

A)assigning students to different ability or curriculum groups
B)another word for teaching to the test
C)providing students with more personal attention and tutoring
D)reporting school-level data on students' test scores

Question 77

Who is more likely to be home-schooled?

A)black school-age children
B)white school-age children
C)lower-income school-age children
D)lower-come school-age children living in two-parent households

Question 78

Men with some high school education earn __________ than their female counterparts,while men with master's degrees earn __________ with similar educations.

A)53 percent more;20 percent more than women
B)10 percent less;30 percent more than women
C)30 percent more;approximately the same as women
D)62 percent more;41 percent more than women

Question 79

What is the most common reason that parents choose to home-school their children?

A)to circumvent peer pressure
B)to provide moral and religious instruction
C)to shore up family finances
D)to provide for a child's special needs

Question 80

On the SAT reasoning test,why is the male sample of test-takers NOT readily comparable to the female sample?

A)Fewer males than females take the SAT reasoning test.
B)Fewer males than females score above the average on the SAT reasoning test.
C)Fewer females than males take the SAT reasoning test.
D)Fewer females than males score above the average on the SAT reasoning test.