Deck 3: Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Question 1

Inhibitory conditioning is most likely to result from

A)simultaneous conditioning
B)short-delay conditioning
C)long-delay conditioning
D)backward conditioning

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In a conditioned suppression procedure,the indication that a subject has associated CS and US is

A)an increase in responding when the CS comes on
B)a decrease in responding when the CS comes on
C)an increase in responding when the US comes on
D)a decrease in responding when the US comes on

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Pavlov's theory of spontaneous recovery includes the assumption that newly learned associations

A)are more durable than older associations
B)are more fragile than older associations
C)replace older associations
D)none of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

If a person develops a taste aversion to shellfish because she got ill after eating some.If she also shows an aversion to other seafood,this is

A)generalization
B)discrimination
C)spontaneous recovery
D)conditioned inhibition

Question 5

Experiments on US devaluation and US revaluation suggest that _____ associations are formed in typical classical conditioning with a CS and US.

A)context-US
B)context-CS
C)S-S
D)S-R

Question 6

The phenomenon of disinhibition provides one type of evidence that

A)the intensity of the US affects the rate of conditioning
B)extinction does not result in the complete elimination of a conditioned response
C)conditioned responses often generalize to similar stimuli
D)the temporal relationship between CS and US is important

Question 7

In classical conditioning,the stimulus that initially elicits no response is the

A)CS
B)CR
C)US
D)UR

Question 8

 If a novel stimulus is presented shortly before the occurrence of a CS that has just undergone extinction,the CR is likely to reappear.This phenomenon is known as

A)spontaneous recovery
B)external inhibition
C)disinhibition
D)summation

Question 9

The amount of excitatory conditioning is greatest in

A)simultaneous conditioning
B)short-delay conditioning
C)long-delay conditioning
D)backward conditioning

Question 10

In classical conditioning,the intensity of the US affects

A)the rate of acquisition
B)the asymptote of conditioning
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 11

To measure the amount of conditioning in the conditioned suppression procedure,the rat's response rate in the presence of the CS is compared to

A)the rat's response rate just before the CS is presented
B)the rat's response rate in the presence of the US
C)the rat's response rate just after the CS is presented
D)the response rate of a control subject that is not presented with the CS

Question 12

The Associationists' principle of contiguity has trouble explaining the comparison between

A)short-delay conditioning and long-delay conditioning
B)short-delay conditioning and simultaneous conditioning
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 13

In taste-aversion learning,a novel taste is often used as the

A)CS
B)CR
C)US
D)UR

Question 14

In salivary conditioning,salivation is

A)the unconditioned response
B)the conditioned response
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 15

Classical conditioning using the skin conductance response is usually done with

A)rabbits
B)rats
C)monkeys
D)humans

Question 16

 The retardation test is one method for demonstrating that a stimulus

A)is a CS⁺
B)is a CS
C)is a US
D)is a compound CS

Question 17

If the probability of a shock in a conditioned suppression procedure is 20% in the presence of a tone and 40% in the absence of the tone,the tone will probably

A)remain neutral
B)undergo habituation
C)become a CS+
D)become a CS-

Question 18

In salivary conditioning,dogs will often orient toward the CS.This phenomenon is

A)evidence against a strict interpretation of stimulus substitution theory
B)evidence supporting a strict interpretation of stimulus substitution theory
C)only observed after many conditioning trials
D)evidence for S-S associations

Question 19

A problem with stimulus substitution theory is that

A)the CR sometimes has components that the UR does not
B)the UR sometimes has components that the CR does not
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 20

In eyeblink conditioning,a puff of air to the eye is the

A)CS
B)CR
C)US
D)UR

Question 21

Of the following,which is usually not involved when systematic desensitization is used to treat a phobia-

A)an emetic
B)progressive relaxation
C)fear hierarchy
D)imagination

Question 22

If some pictures are paired with positive adjectives and other pictures of faces with negative adjectives,a person may start to like the first set of faces and dislike the second.This is an example of

A)generalization
B)rapid reacquisition
C)evaluative conditioning
D)disinhibition

Question 23

Taste aversions are

A)not long-lasting
B)formed only after many CS-US pairings
C)not limited to poisonous foods
D)both b and c but not a

Question 24

Studies on classical conditioning of the immune system have shown that

A)a neutral stimulus can become a CS that weakens immune system activity
B)a neutral stimulus can become a CS that strengthens immune system activity
C)presentation of a CS can increase the activity of natural killer cells
D)all of the above

Question 25

In the classical-conditioning treatment of nocturnal enuresis,the sound of the buzzer or alarm is

A)the US
B)the CS
C)the UR
D)the CR

Question 26

In aversive counterconditioning treatment for alcoholism,the taste of alcohol is

A)the US
B)the CS
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b

Question 27

Aversive counterconditioning has been used to treat all of the following except

A)smoking
B)nocturnal enuresis
C)sexual deviations
D)alcoholism

Question 28

Suppose a child is knocked down by a large dog and develops a fear of the dog.Later the child frequently sees this dog in front of a neighbor's house,and develops a fear of the neighbor's house.This example illustrates

A)second-order conditioning
B)generalization
C)discrimination
D)spontaneous recovery