Deck 11: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

The term "emotion" refers to:

A)a major process in development
B)the mental manipulation of knowledge
C)a subjective experience accompanied by a physiological and expressive reaction
D)the set of factors that initiate and direct behavior, usually toward some goal

Answer 1

a subjective experience accompanied by a physiological and expressive reaction

Question 2

Unlearned, characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli are called:

A)drives
B)emotions
C)instincts
D)conditioned responses

Answer 2

instincts

Question 3

The term for a psychological event involving a physiological and expressive reaction, along with a subjective experience is:

A)intelligence
B)emotion
C)thinking
D)motivation

Answer 3

emotion

Question 4

A male stickleback fish sees a form with a red belly enter the area and immediately attacks.This will occur the first and every other time a red-bellied form is seen.This behavior is an example of:

A)a drive
B)incentive motivation
C)homeostasis
D)an instinct

Question 5

Which of the following is not one of the three components of an emotion?

A)heuristic behavior
B)subjective experience
C)a physiological reaction
D)an expressive reaction

Question 6

Nest building in birds is an example of:

A)an instinct
B)a drive
C)an emotional response
D)a conditioned response

Question 7

Instincts refer to:

A)psychological states that arise in response to an internal physiological need
B)unlearned, characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli
C)complex psychological events that are often associated with the initiation and direction of behavior
D)processes the body relies on to maintain its steady state of equilibrium

Question 8

The term for the set of factors that initiate and direct behavior, usually toward some goal is:

A)intelligence
B)emotion
C)thinking
D)motivation

Question 9

When geese fly south for the winter they are displaying:

A)an instinct
B)a drive
C)an emotional response
D)a conditioned response

Question 10

The concept of instinct is being revived in modern psychology by:

A)evolutionary psychologists, although in a more inflexible form
B)cognitive psychologists, although in a more inflexible form
C)evolutionary psychologists, although in a more flexible form
D)cognitive psychologists, although in a more flexible form

Question 11

Drives are:

A)internal states that push an individual toward behaving in a certain way
B)external factors that pull an individual toward behaving in a certain way
C)internal states that pull an individual toward behaving in a certain way
D)external factors that push an individual toward behaving in a certain way

Question 12

Instincts share properties with:

A)reflexes
B)conditioned stimuli
C)cognitions
D)conditioned responses

Question 13

Psychological states that arise in response to internal physiological needs are called:

A)instincts
B)drives
C)emotions
D)habits

Question 14

Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding emotions?

A)emotions are psychological events
B)emotions involve a physiological reaction
C)emotions involve an expressive reaction
D)emotions involve objective experiences

Question 15

Internal states that push an individual toward behaving in a certain way are called:

A)incentives
B)drives
C)instincts
D)conditioned stimuli

Question 16

Unlike reflexes, instincts involve:

A)less complex patterns of behavior
B)more complex forms of behavior
C)conditioned responses
D)conditioned stimuli

Question 17

Motivation is:

A)a major process in development
B)the mental manipulation of knowledge
C)the development of new behaviors through reinforcement
D)the set of factors that initiate and direct behavior, usually toward some goal

Question 18

Drives are:

A)unlearned, characteristic patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli
B)complex psychological events that are often associated with the initiation and direction of behavior
C)psychological states that arise in response to an internal physiological need
D)learned patterns of responding that occur reflexively in the presence of specific stimuli

Question 19

All the following theorists believed human behavior was at least partly based on instinct except for:

A)William McDougall
B)Charles Darwin
C)William James
D)John Watson

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an instinct?

A)a cat pounces on a small, rapidly moving, furry creature
B)nest building in birds
C)geese fly south for the winter
D)all of these choices

Question 21

A problem with the concept of drive is it:

A)is a more flexible concept than instinct
B)is insufficient to explain goal-directed human behavior
C)cannot explain behavior in non-human species
D)does not explain how behavior can occur in the absence of need

Question 22

A problem with the concept of instinct is it:

A)cannot explain unlearned patterns of behavior
B)is insufficient to explain goal-directed human behavior
C)cannot explain behavior in non-human species
D)is insufficient to explain behavior controlled by specific external trigger mechanisms

Question 23

Hunger and thirst are classified as:

A)incentives
B)drives
C)instincts
D)conditioned stimuli

Question 24

An external factor that has the capacity to motivate goal-directed behavior is called:

A)a drive
B)homeostasis
C)an instinct
D)an incentive

Question 25

Incentives are:

A)external factors that pull an individual toward behaving in a certain way
B)internal states that push an individual toward behaving in a certain way
C)internal states that pull an individual toward behaving in a certain way
D)external factors that push an individual toward behaving in a certain way

Question 26

External factors that pull an individual toward behaving in a certain way are called:

A)incentives
B)drives
C)instincts
D)conditioned stimuli

Question 27

Seeking ways to cool down our body temperature on hot, summer days is one example of the process known as:

A)instinct activation
B)homeostasis
C)incentive reduction
D)thermostatic transduction

Question 28

Children who are told by their parents that performance is tied to an ability such as natural intelligence:

A)show less achievement motivation
B)tend to work harder
C)report they enjoy tasks more frequently
D)show more interest in what they study

Question 29

A lizard moves into the sunlight when its body temperature drops too low, and moves back into the shade when its body temperature gets too warm.This is best explained in terms of:

A)incentive motivation
B)instinct
C)set point
D)homeostasis

Question 30

The amount of effort that an individual will expend on any particular task depends on:

A)his or her need for achievement
B)his or her current level of self-actualization
C)his or her expectations for success and the value that is placed on the task
D)the number of instinct-drive interactions that have been activated

Question 31

Wayne is coloring a picture because he plans to submit the picture to a contest.He hopes to get a new bike by winning first prize in the contest.This is an example of:

A)incentive motivation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)self-actualization
D)drive reduction

Question 32

The push to seek success and significant accomplishments in our lives is called:

A)intrinsic motivation
B)goal motivation
C)internal drive motivation
D)achievement motivation

Question 33

People who are motivated by mastery are:

A)more likely to be anxious
B)less likely to enjoy tasks
C)more likely to engage in effortful learning opportunities
D)less likely to maintain memories about the learning experience

Question 34

Erica, a research microbiologist, is motivated to achieve as much as she can in the field.She isn't out to do more than others, she just wants to accomplish as much as she is capable of doing.You can predict Erica is:

A)more likely to be anxious
B)less likely to enjoy tasks related to her field
C)more likely to seek out challenges
D)less likely to maintain memories about learning experiences

Question 35

People who are motivated by mastery are:

A)more likely to be anxious
B)less likely to enjoy tasks
C)more likely to seek out challenges
D)less likely to maintain memories about the learning experience

Question 36

A need leads to a(n):

A)drive
B)emotion
C)instinct
D)habit

Question 37

Homeostasis is:

A)the process through which the body maintains its steady state of equilibrium
B)an internal drive for achievement and success
C)a set of external factors that triggers a set of adaptive behaviors
D)an unlearned pattern of responding that is triggered by specific environmental stimuli

Question 38

Incentives refer to:

A)internal states that have the capacity to motivate goal-directed behaviors
B)learned patterns of responding that occur reflexively in the presence of specific stimuli
C)external factors that have the capacity to motivate goal-directed behaviors
D)unlearned patterns of responding that are controlled by specific triggering stimuli

Question 39

The process through which the body maintains its steady-state of equilibrium is called:

A)antithesis
B)polystasis
C)homeostasis
D)heterogenesis

Question 40

Tad hasn't eaten in 12 hours.The internal state that will cause him to go to the pantry for food is:

A)a need
B)incentive motivation
C)a drive
D)intrinsic motivation

Question 41

Children will be most likely to show high achievement motivation and attempt to accomplish a task if:

A)they have a history of failing at the task, driving up their need to achieve
B)their parents show they value the task
C)they are never rewarded for their effort
D)they are working at the lowest levels of Maslow's hierarchy

Question 42

One example of intrinsic motivation would be reading a newly released novel:

A)as part of a required classroom assignment
B)because you are a professional book reviewer who must write a paid review
C)for your own enjoyment and pleasure
D)to help you get to the next level in a class reading contest

Question 43

Which of the following needs is among those in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)love and belongingness
B)self-actualization
C)esteem
D)all of these choices

Question 44

The order of human needs, from the most basic to the least basic needs, in Maslow's hierarchy of needs is:

A)physiological, love and belongingness, safety, self-actualization, esteem
B)physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, self-actualization
C)physiological, safety, esteem, love and belongingness, self-actualization
D)physiological, self-actualization, safety, love and belongingness, esteem

Question 45

Bill begs to help rake leaves each fall.This year his father tells him he will get an extra $5 in allowance each week if he keeps the leaves raked.According to research on intrinsic motivation, it's likely that:

A)because of the reward, Bill will be less enthusiastic about raking the leaves
B)because of the reward, Bill will be even more enthusiastic about raking the leaves
C)Bill will initially be less enthusiastic, but will increase in enthusiasm after about three weeks
D)Bill's enthusiasm about raking leaves won't change, because this is a case of intrinsic motivation

Question 46

Intrinsic behavior is goal-directed behavior that seems to be:

A)completely externally motivated
B)entirely self-motivated
C)related to need states
D)instinctive

Question 47

Elton has taken a job that is extremely dangerous but which pays enough to ensure he has food to eat and a place to sleep each night.According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Elton is probably motivated primarily by:

A)physiological needs
B)safety needs
C)love and belongingness needs
D)self-actualization needs

Question 48

After doing extremely well on test of mathematics achievement, Jacinda is surprised when she receives an unexpected award.Based on research by Eisenberg and Cameron (1996) you can predict she will:

A)become less motivated than someone who expected to receive an award
B)show no change in her intrinsic motivation to do well at math
C)no longer show intrinsic motivation regarding math
D)show increased motivation to do well at math

Question 49

As we move up in Maslow's needs hierarchy, our needs become:

A)more biological and less social
B)more instinctive and less drive oriented
C)more extrinsic and less intrinsic
D)more social and less biological

Question 50

Goal-directed behavior that seems to be entirely self-motivated is called:

A)extrinsic motivation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)need motivation
D)incentive motivation

Question 51

According to Maslow, human needs can be represented:

A)using an interlinked chain
B)using a circle
C)in the form of a closed feedback loop
D)in the form of a pyramid

Question 52

Dora is coloring a picture because she thinks it is fun to color.This is an example of:

A)extrinsic motivation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)self-actualization
D)incentive motivation

Question 53

Research suggests that the effect reward has on intrinsic motivation is:

A)the size of the reward
B)whether the reward is expected
C)the amount of time since the last reward
D)the age or sex of the person providing the reward

Question 54

According to Maslow, after esteem needs are met, the following needs are considered:

A)physiological needs
B)safety needs
C)belongingness needs
D)actualization needs

Question 55

Which of the following researchers proposed the hierarchy of needs?

A)Ekman
B)Lange
C)Masters and Johnson
D)Maslow

Question 56

Abraham Maslow was a:

A)behavioral psychologist
B)cognitive psychologist
C)humanistic psychologist
D)gestalt psychologist

Question 57

Ben is trying to solve a crossword puzzle in the local newspaper because he enjoys working through all the clues and coming up with the correct answers.This is an example of:

A)intrinsic motivation
B)extrinsic motivation
C)self-actualization
D)incentive motivation

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT among the basic needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)love and belongingness
B)self-actualization
C)financial
D)esteem

Question 59

Our most basic needs, according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, are:

A)physiological needs
B)safety needs
C)belongingness needs
D)self-actualization needs

Question 60

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that have the first priority are:

A)physiological needs
B)safety needs
C)self-actualization needs
D)achievement needs

Question 61

Which hormone is produced in the stomach, and is associated with feelings of hunger?

A)serotonin
B)testosterone
C)estrogen
D)ghrelin

Question 62

School breakfast programs make sure children aren't hungry so that they will be interested and able to focus on learning and academic achievement.The view of motivation that is most similar to this is:

A)incentive motivation theory
B)Schacter and Singer's two-factor theory
C)intrinsic motivation theory
D)Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Question 63

Kevin has been working for the same company for the past 15 years.He earns a good salary and he feels like his coworkers are "family." However, lately he has begun to feel that his supervisors are not giving him the recognition or respect that he deserves, so he has been considering looking for another job.Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Kevin's thoughts of changing jobs may well be motivated by:

A)safety needs
B)love and belongingness needs
C)self-actualization needs
D)esteem needs

Question 64

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, esteem needs become activated as soon as:

A)physiological needs have been met
B)safety needs have been met
C)love and belongingness needs have been met
D)self-actualization needs have been met

Question 65

One of the problems with Maslow's perspective on needs is:

A)the theory focuses too much on biological needs and ignores social needs
B)the theory focuses too much on social needs and ignores biological needs
C)the different types of needs lack clear definitions
D)there are not enough categories to adequately capture the complexity of human behavior

Question 66

Avis has a job that pays well, and she lives in a neighborhood where there is little crime.Lately she finds that she is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with and raise a family.According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time Avis is most likely motivated by:

A)love and belongingness needs
B)safety needs
C)self-actualization needs
D)esteem needs

Question 67

A recent update and revision of Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes the needs based on their:

A)evolutionary function
B)cognitive precedence
C)incentive value
D)reinforcement strength

Question 68

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that represent people's desire to reach their full potential as human beings are:

A)self-actualization needs
B)esteem needs
C)love and belongingness needs
D)security and satisfaction needs

Question 69

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that become activated after our basic love and belongingness needs have been met are:

A)esteem needs
B)physiological needs
C)safety needs
D)self-actualization needs

Question 70

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that become activated after our esteem needs have been met are:

A)physiological needs
B)self-actualization needs
C)safety needs
D)love and belongingness needs

Question 71

A hormone that plays an important role in eating behavior is:

A)serotonin
B)testosterone
C)estrogen
D)ghrelin

Question 72

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that become activated after our safety needs have been met are:

A)love and belongingness needs
B)esteem needs
C)physiological needs
D)self-actualization needs

Question 73

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the highest needs, which we only try to achieve after we have satisfied all our other needs, are:

A)self-actualization needs
B)physiological needs
C)safety needs
D)love and belongingness needs

Question 74

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the needs that become activated after our love and belongingness needs have been met are:

A)safety needs
B)physiological needs
C)self-actualization needs
D)esteem needs

Question 75

Elaine has just received a raise at work.She is still not making a lot of money, but she has begun to think about moving to a neighborhood where there is less crime and where the streets are somewhat safer.According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time Elaine is most likely motivated by:

A)physiological needs
B)love and belongingness needs
C)safety needs
D)self-actualization needs

Question 76

One of the problems with Maslow's perspective on needs is:

A)the theory focuses too much on biological needs and ignores social needs
B)the theory focuses too much on social needs and ignores biological needs
C)the theory lacks scientific rigor
D)there are not enough categories to adequately capture the complexity of human behavior

Question 77

Frieda is ethically sensitive, spontaneous, and open to experiences.These characteristics are associated with:

A)strong incentives
B)self-actualization
C)high achievement motivation
D)high self-esteem

Question 78

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, love and belongingness needs will not become activated until:

A)safety needs have been met
B)esteem needs have been met
C)a person has reached adolescence
D)self-actualization needs have been met

Question 79

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, safety needs will not become activated until

A)physiological needs have been met:
B)esteem needs have been met
C)love and belongingness needs have been met
D)self-actualization needs have been met

Question 80

Maslow's hierarchy of needs has been updated and revised based on developments in:

A)evolutionary biology
B)cognitive psychology
C)neurobiology
D)humanistic psychology