Deck 12: Personality

Question 1

The distinguishing pattern of psychological characteristics that differentiate us from others and leads us to act consistently across situations is called:

A)intelligence
B)emotion
C)personality
D)motivation

Answer 1

personality

Question 2

Hans Eysenck identified three superfactors.Which of the following is one of them?

A)agreeableness
B)extroversion
C)conscientiousness
D)openness

Answer 2

extroversion

Question 3

Hans Eysenck identified three superfactors.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A)agreeableness
B)extroversion
C)neuroticism
D)psychoticism

Answer 3

agreeableness

Question 4

Trait theories are most closely associated with the:

A)psychodynamic approach
B)humanistic approach
C)psychometric approach
D)social-cognitive approach

Question 5

The psychometric approach is most closely associated with:

A)psychodynamic theories
B)humanistic theories
C)trait theories
D)social-cognitive theories

Question 6

Hans Eysenck argued that personality can be described using only three factors.The personality factors that he identified were:

A)openness, agreeableness, and extroversion
B)extroversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism
C)extroversion, neuroticism, and conscientiousness
D)sensitivity, extroversion, and imagination

Question 7

Formal systems for assessing how people differ, particularly in their predispositions to respond in certain ways across situations, are called:

A)cognitive approaches
B)humanistic theories
C)psychodynamic approaches
D)trait theories

Question 8

Traits are:

A)factors that create similarities between people
B)stable predispositions to act in certain ways
C)generally unpredictable across long periods of time
D)maladaptive and unhealthy personality characteristics

Question 9

Which theorist identified three superfactors using factor analysis?

A)Walter Mischel
B)Hans Eysenck
C)Gordon Allport
D)Raymond Cattell

Question 10

The mathematical procedure used to analyze correlations among test responses is:

A)analysis of variance
B)chi square analysis
C)factor analysis
D)analysis of deviation

Question 11

The goal with factor analysis is to:

A)discover the common denominators for personality by noting which descriptive terms cluster statistically in a group
B)identify the environmental factors that produce behavioral consistency across various situations
C)determine which situational factors affect an individual's sense of self-efficacy
D)determine which environmental factors lead to self-actualization

Question 12

When Cattell used mathematical analysis to identify basic personality traits, he identified a total of:

A)3 key personality factors
B)100 different personality characteristics
C)16 source traits
D)5 key dimensions to personality

Question 13

Which theorist identified sixteen source traits using factor analysis?

A)Walter Mischel
B)Hans Eysenck
C)Gordon Allport
D)Raymond Cattell

Question 14

According to Eysenck's view of personality, an individual who was insensitive, cruel, and antisocial would score high in:

A)extroversion
B)psychoticism
C)neuroticism
D)domination

Question 15

A stable predisposition to act or behave in a certain way is a(n):

A)trait
B)emotion
C)memory
D)motivation

Question 16

According to Eysenck's view of personality, an individual who was outgoing, sociable, and assertive would score high in:

A)extroversion
B)neuroticism
C)psychoticism
D)agreeableness

Question 17

Raymond Cattell identified sixteen basic personality factors in his research.He called these:

A)central traits
B)secondary traits
C)cardinal traits
D)source traits

Question 18

Hans Eysenck identified three superfactors.Which of the following is one of them?

A)agreeableness
B)conscientiousness
C)openness
D)psychoticism

Question 19

In the Big Five model, the five dimensions of personality are:

A)agreeableness, neuroticism, extroversion, openness, and conscientiousness
B)extroversion, intelligence, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and imagination
C)sensitivity, neuroticism, agreeableness, dominance, and openness
D)conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, imagination, and dependency

Question 20

Hans Eysenck identified three superfactors.Which of the following is one of them?

A)agreeableness
B)conscientiousness
C)neuroticism
D)openness

Question 21

A person who scores high on the agreeableness dimension of the Big Five model of personality would tend to be:

A)sympathetic, warm, trusting, and cooperative
B)talkative, sociable, fun loving, and affectionate
C)daring, nonconforming, and imaginative
D)ethical, dependable, and productive

Question 22

Harrison is extremely dependable and productive, and he has strong ethical values.Based on the Big Five model of personality, Harrison would probably score:

A)high in conscientiousness
B)high in agreeableness
C)high in openness
D)low in neuroticism

Question 23

A person who was anxious, insecure, and self-conscious would probably score at the high end of the:

A)neuroticism dimension of the Big Five model of personality
B)extroversion dimension of the Big Five model of personality
C)agreeableness dimension of the Big Five model of personality
D)openness dimension of the Big Five model of personality

Question 24

Ellis is a nonconformist who is daring and likes to try new things.He is extremely imaginative and has a wide range of interests.Based on the Big Five model of personality, Ellis would probably score:

A)high in extroversion
B)high in agreeableness
C)low in neuroticism
D)high in openness

Question 25

A person who was sympathetic, warm, trusting, and cooperative would probably score at the high end of the:

A)extroversion dimension of the Big Five model of personality
B)neuroticism dimension of the Big Five model of personality
C)openness dimension of the Big Five model of personality
D)agreeableness dimension of the Big Five model of personality

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of personality in the Big Five model?

A)extraversion
B)conscientiousness
C)dependency
D)neuroticism

Question 27

A person who was daring, nonconforming, and imaginative would probably score at the high end of the:

A)openness dimension of the Big Five model of personality
B)extroversion dimension of the Big Five model of personality
C)agreeableness dimension of the Big Five model of personality
D)neuroticism dimension of the Big Five model of personality

Question 28

Arnold is extremely talkative and sociable.He likes to have fun, and he is very affectionate.Based on the Big Five model of personality, Arnold would probably score:

A)high in agreeableness
B)high in openness
C)high in extroversion
D)low in neuroticism

Question 29

Cross-cultural studies of personality traits are most commonly interpreted to support:

A)Allport's trait theory
B)Cattell's source trait approach
C)Eysenck's superfactors approach
D)The Big Five approach

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person who scores high on the neuroticism dimension of the Big Five model of personality?

A)anxious
B)cooperative
C)insecure
D)self-conscious

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of personality in the Big Five model?

A)extraversion
B)conscientiousness
C)intelligence
D)neuroticism

Question 32

A person who was ethical, dependable, and productive would probably score at the high end of the:

A)agreeableness dimension of the Big Five model of personality
B)conscientiousness dimension of the Big Five model of personality
C)neuroticism dimension of the Big Five model of personality
D)openness dimension of the Big Five model of personality

Question 33

Michelle is extremely relaxed and secure, and she seldom appears self-conscious when she is around others.Based on the Big Five model of personality, Michelle would probably score:

A)high in extroversion
B)low in neuroticism
C)high in agreeableness
D)high in openness

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of personality in the Big Five model?

A)extraversion
B)conscientiousness
C)imagination
D)neuroticism

Question 35

A person who scores high on the conscientiousness dimension of the Big Five model of personality would tend to be:

A)talkative, sociable, fun loving, and affectionate
B)sympathetic, warm, trusting, and cooperative
C)daring, nonconforming, and imaginative
D)ethical, dependable, and productive

Question 36

A person who scores high on the neuroticism dimension of the Big Five model of personality would tend to be:

A)talkative, sociable, fun loving, and affectionate
B)unsympathetic, cold, and non cooperative
C)anxious, insecure, and self-conscious
D)timid, conforming, and unimaginative

Question 37

Carmen is extremely trusting and cooperative.Her friends find her to be a very warm person, and she is usually sympathetic.Based on the Big Five model of personality, Carmen would probably score:

A)high in extroversion
B)high in openness
C)high in agreeableness
D)low in neuroticism

Question 38

A person who was talkative, sociable, fun loving, and affectionate would probably score at the high end of the:

A)agreeableness dimension of the Big Five model of personality
B)neuroticism dimension of the Big Five model of personality
C)extroversion dimension of the Big Five model of personality
D)openness dimension of the Big Five model of personality

Question 39

A person who scores high on the openness dimension of the Big Five model of personality would tend to be:

A)talkative, sociable, fun loving, and affectionate
B)sympathetic, warm, trusting, and cooperative
C)ethical, dependable, and productive
D)daring, nonconforming, and imaginative

Question 40

A person who scores high on the extroversion dimension of the Big Five model of personality would tend to be:

A)sympathetic, warm, trusting, and cooperative
B)daring, nonconforming, and imaginative
C)talkative, sociable, fun loving, and affectionate
D)ethical, dependable, and productive

Question 41

Jamie joined a convent and renounced all her worldly goods.She has devoted her life to the "service of God." Jamie's passionate religious commitment would likely be described by Gordon Allport as a:

A)central trait
B)secondary trait
C)superordinate trait
D)cardinal trait

Question 42

Gordon Allport described personality traits that dominate an individual's life as:

A)central traits
B)secondary traits
C)cardinal traits
D)source traits

Question 43

Mahatma Gandhi had a deep moral belief in nonviolence, and his strong beliefs guided almost all his personal and political actions throughout his life.Gandhi's passionate moral belief would likely be described by Gordon Allport as a:

A)cardinal trait
B)central trait
C)secondary trait
D)superordinate trait

Question 44

Which theorist used a case study approach to develop a theory of personality?

A)Eysenck
B)Cattell
C)Allport
D)McCrae

Question 45

Allport's trait theory was developed based on:

A)detailed studies of particular individuals
B)factor analysis of tests from large groups of people
C)cross-cultural testing of groups of people with many languages
D)comparing the Rorschach test results of normal and disturbed groups

Question 46

According to Gordon Allport, secondary traits are:

A)less obvious personality traits that do not always appear in an individual's behavior
B)personality traits that dominate an individual's life
C)a small set of descriptive traits that can be used to accurately describe an individual
D)three basic personality factors that exist in all individuals

Question 47

Factor analysis was NOT used in the development of:

A)Allport's trait theory
B)Eysenck's sixteen factor theory
C)Cattell's three factor model
D)McCrae and Costa's big five theory

Question 48

According to Gordon Allport, central traits are:

A)personality traits that dominate an individual's life
B)less obvious personality traits that do not always appear in an individual's behavior
C)a small set of descriptive traits that can be used to accurately describe an individual
D)three basic personality factors that exist in all individuals

Question 49

In stressing the study of the individual, Allport referred to his approach as:

A)social
B)asocial
C)nomothetic
D)idiographic

Question 50

Effie is normally a shy, reserved individual.She is not very adventuresome and is usually unwilling to try new things.However, when she gets together with her best friend, Brandy, she often tries new things and becomes much more outgoing.According to Gordon Allport's theory of personality, Effie's willingness to try new things when she is with Brandy would be an example of:

A)a central trait
B)a secondary trait
C)a cardinal trait
D)a tertiary trait

Question 51

Marina is outgoing and friendly, trustworthy, somewhat sentimental, and honest.These traits are enduring aspects of Marina's personality, and people who have known her since childhood all describe her in this same basic way.According to Gordon Allport's theory of personality, these five traits would be:

A)central traits
B)cardinal traits
C)secondary traits
D)source traits

Question 52

Gordon Allport referred to his approach as idiographic.In other words, it stressed:

A)group behavior
B)similarities between people
C)social relationships
D)the uniqueness of the individual

Question 53

According to Gordon Allport, cardinal traits are:

A)personality traits that dominate an individual's life
B)a small set of descriptive traits that can be used to accurately describe an individual
C)less obvious personality traits that do not always appear in an individual's behavior
D)three basic personality factors that exist in all individuals

Question 54

Peter is usually reserved and quiet, but when he goes to a football game he screams at the officials when they make a call he dislikes.Allport would say that Peter's aggressiveness is an example of:

A)a source trait
B)a secondary trait
C)a central trait
D)a cardinal trait

Question 55

Hans Eysenck has argued that the dimension he calls psychoticism is a combination of which factors in the "Big Five" model?

A)agreeableness and openness
B)agreeableness and conscientiousness
C)conscientiousness and openness
D)conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness

Question 56

Which factor in the Big Five model seems to be particularly correlated with academic achievement?

A)agreeableness
B)conscientiousness
C)neuroticism
D)openness

Question 57

On which research method did Gordon Allport rely in developing his theory of personality?

A)factor analysis
B)covariate analysis
C)the case study method
D)the correlational method

Question 58

Gordon Allport referred to the set of 5 to 10 descriptive traits that can be used to accurately describe an individual as:

A)central traits
B)cardinal traits
C)secondary traits
D)source traits

Question 59

Gordon Allport described personality traits that are less obvious characteristics of an individual's personality and that do not always appear in his or her behavior as:

A)cardinal traits
B)central traits
C)source traits
D)secondary traits

Question 60

According to Gordon Allport:

A)everyone has at least one cardinal trait that dominates his or her life
B)cardinal traits are rare and are only displayed by a few individuals
C)central traits are rare and are only displayed by a few individuals
D)secondary traits are the most consistent personality characteristics that individuals display

Question 61

Shevaun is taking a personality test in which he is shown a series of simple scenes.He is supposed to tell a story about what is happening in each scene and suggest what the characters are feeling.The test that Shevaun is taking is the:

A)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
B)Rorschach test
C)Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Personality Inventory, Revised (NEO-PI-R)
D)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 62

A book collector has just purchased a book which holds much behavior is governed by the unconscious.The book is most likely written by:

A)Freud
B)Mischel
C)Eysenck
D)Rogers

Question 63

Which of the following is an example of a projective test?

A)the 16PF
B)the NEO-PI-3
C)the Rorschach
D)the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 64

The approach to personality development based on the ideas of Freud, which holds that much behavior is governed by unconscious forces, is called the:

A)psychodynamic approach
B)behavioral approach
C)humanistic approach
D)trait approach

Question 65

Which test was developed to measure the Big Five personality traits?

A)the 16PF
B)the NEO-PI-3
C)the TAT
D)the MMPI

Question 66

An advantage of projective personality tests is that:

A)they are highly objective and can be scored by computer
B)they are not standardized
C)they help people open up and talk about themselves
D)the interpretation of the results is very reliable and valid

Question 67

Angela is planning a research study for her doctoral dissertation.As part of the study, she wants to measure normal aspects of personality in each of the participants, using a measure that is objective and precise.The best measure for Angela to use would be:

A)the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
B)the Rorschach test
C)the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
D)the NEO-PI-R

Question 68

The psychodynamic approach, based on the ideas of Freud, holds that much of our behavior is governed by:

A)unconscious forces
B)environmental influences
C)free will
D)idiographic traits

Question 69

Who of the following is a trait theorist?

A)Eysenck
B)Maslow
C)Freud
D)Rogers

Question 70

Personality tests that are based on the assumption that people's interpretations of ambiguous stimuli will reveal elements of their personality are called:

A)projective tests
B)self-report tests
C)objective tests
D)personality inventories

Question 71

Who of the following is a trait theorist?

A)Maslow
B)Freud
C)Allport
D)Rogers

Question 72

Who of the following is NOT a trait theorist?

A)Eysenck
B)Cattell
C)Allport
D)Rogers

Question 73

Devan is given a test that contains a number of statements such as "I enjoy listening to loud music" and "I am generally a cautious person." Devan is supposed to mark "true" or "false" next to each statement.This type of test would be considered to be:

A)a projective personality test
B)a self-report personality inventory
C)a Rorschach test
D)the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Question 74

A book collector has just purchased a book which discusses how much behavior is governed by the unconscious.The book is most likely about the:

A)psychodynamic approach
B)behavioral approach
C)humanistic approach
D)trait approach

Question 75

A personality test in which people answer groups of questions about how they think and act, after which their responses are compared to the average responses of large numbers of test takers, would be a(n):

A)idiographic test
B)apperception test
C)projective test
D)self-report inventory

Question 76

Who of the following is a trait theorist?

A)Maslow
B)Cattell
C)Freud
D)Rogers

Question 77

Which of the following is an example of a projective test?

A)the 16PF
B)the NEO-PI-3
C)the TAT
D)the MMPI

Question 78

When taking a self-report inventory, people:

A)describe what they think is happening in a series of realistic pictures
B)state how they fell about a set of ambiguous stimuli
C)respond to questions about how they typically think, feel, and act
D)allow various physiological measures to be taken

Question 79

When Ana had her personality assessed, the interviewer showed her several ambiguous inkblots and asked her to describe what she saw.In this case Ana was completing:

A)a projective test
B)the 16 Personality Factor scale (16PF)
C)the MMPI
D)a self-report personality inventory

Question 80

Poppy uses a software package on her computer to create a number of abstract images.She finds that each person who looks at the images sees something different in them.If Poppy records the responses that each person provides, she may find the answers are similar to those that would be obtained using the:

A)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
B)Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Personality Inventory, Revised (NEO-PI-R)
C)Rorschach test
D)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)