Deck 16: Labor and Birth Processes

Question 1

The slight overlapping of cranial bones or shaping of the fetal head during labor is called:

A)Lightening
B)Molding
C)Ferguson reflex
D)Valsalva maneuver

Answer 1

Molding

Question 2

Which presentation is described accurately in terms of both presenting part and frequency of occurrence?

A)Cephalic: occiput;at least 96%
B)Breech: sacrum;10% to 15%
C)Shoulder: scapula;10% to 15%
D)Cephalic: cranial;80% to 85%

Answer 2

Cephalic: occiput;at least 96%

Question 3

Signs that precede labor include (choose all that apply):

A)Lightening
B)Exhaustion
C)Bloody show
D)Rupture of membranes
E)Decreased fetal movement

Answer 3

Lightening
Bloody show
Rupture of membranes

Question 4

When assessing a woman in labor,the nurse is aware that the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another is called fetal:

A)Lie
B)Presentation
C)Attitude
D)Position

Question 5

A pregnant woman is at 38 weeks of gestation.She wants to know if any signs indicate "labor is getting closer to starting." The nurse informs the woman that which of the following is a sign that labor may begin soon?

A)Weight gain of 1.5 to 2 kg (3 to 4 lb)
B)Increase in fundal height
C)Urinary retention
D)Surge of energy

Question 6

The nurse recognizes that a woman is in true labor when she states:

A)"I passed some thick,pink mucus when I urinated this morning."
B)"My bag of waters just broke."
C)"The contractions in my uterus are getting stronger and closer together."
D)"My baby dropped,and I have to urinate more frequently now."

Question 7

The factors that affect the process of labor and birth,known commonly as the five Ps,include all except:

A)Passenger
B)Passageway
C)Powers
D)Pressure

Question 8

Which description of the four stages of labor is correct for both definition and duration?

A)First stage: onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation;less than 1 hour to 20 hours
B)Second stage: full effacement to 4 to 5 cm;visible presenting part;1 to 2 hours
C)Third stage: active pushing to birth;20 minutes (multiparous women),50 minutes (first-timer)
D)Fourth stage: delivery of the placenta to recovery;30 minutes to 1 hour

Question 9

A woman's position is very important in the progress of labor.While discussing optimal positioning,maternity nurses should be able to tell the client that:

A)The supine position commonly used in the United States increases blood flow
B)The "all fours" position,on her hands and knees,is hard on her back
C)Frequent changes in position help relieve her fatigue and increase her comfort
D)In a sitting or squatting position her abdominal muscles will have to work harder

Question 10

To adequately care for a laboring woman,the nurse should know which stage of labor varies the most in length?

A)First
B)Second
C)Third
D)Fourth

Question 11

With regard to the turns and other adjustments of the fetus during the birth process,known as the mechanism of labor,nurses should be aware that:

A)The seven critical movements must progress in a more or less orderly sequence
B)Asynclitism sometimes is achieved by means of the Leopold maneuver
C)The effects of the forces determining descent are modified by the shape of the woman's pelvis and the size of the fetal head
D)At birth the baby is said to achieve "restitution";that is,a return to the C-shape of the womb

Question 12

To provide the necessary assessment of parent education,the nurse must know which bone is not a bone in the fetal skull?

A)Parietal
B)Temporal
C)Fontanel
D)Occipital

Question 13

A new mother asks the nurse when the "soft spot" on her son's head will go away.The nurse's answer is based on the knowledge that the anterior fontanel closes after birth by:

A)2 months
B)8 months
C)12 months
D)18 months

Question 14

The nurse expects which maternal cardiovascular finding during labor?

A)Increased cardiac output
B)Decreased pulse rate
C)Decreased white blood cell (WBC)count
D)Decreased blood pressure

Question 15

What position is least effective when gravity is desired to assist in fetal descent?

A)Lithotomy
B)Kneeling
C)Sitting
D)Walking

Question 16

Regarding how the fetus moves through the birth canal,nurses should be aware that:

A)The fetal attitude describes the angle at which the fetus exits the uterus
B)Of the two primary fetal lies,the horizontal lie is that in which the long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the mother
C)The normal attitude of the fetus is called general flexion
D)The transverse lie is preferred for vaginal birth

Question 17

The nurse has received a report about a woman in labor.The woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm,30%,and -2.The nurse's interpretation of this assessment is that:

A)The cervix is effaced 3 cm,it is dilated 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines
B)The cervix is 3 cm dilated,it is effaced 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines
C)The cervix is effaced 3 cm,it is dilated 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines
D)The cervix is dilated 3 cm,it is effaced 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines

Question 18

When assessing the fetus using Leopold maneuvers,the nurse feels a round,firm,movable fetal part in the fundal portion of the uterus and a long,smooth surface in the mother's right side close to midline.What is the likely position of the fetus?

A)ROA
B)LSP
C)RSA
D)LOA

Question 19

Which factors influence cervical dilation? Choose all that apply.

A)Strong uterine contractions
B)The force of the presenting fetal part against the cervix
C)The size of the female
D)The pressure applied by the amniotic sac
E)Scarring of the cervix

Question 20

Certain changes stimulate chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid bodies to prepare the fetus for initiating respirations immediately after birth.These changes occur naturally during labor and include all except:

A)Fetal lung fluid is cleared from the air passages during labor and vaginal birth
B)Fetal oxygen pressure decreases (PO2)
C)Fetal arterial carbon dioxide increases (PCO2)
D)Fetal respiratory movements increase during labor

Question 21

The woman in labor should be encouraged to use the Valsalva maneuver (holding one's breath and tightening abdominal muscles)for pushing during the second stage.Is this statement true or false?

Question 22

Which pelvic shape is ideal for a vaginal birth? __________________