Deck 1: Introduction to Neuroscience

Question 1

The cerebral hemispheres are:

A)Divided by the central sulcus.
B)Subdivided into four lobes per hemisphere.
C)Composed primarily of gray matter,with an outer layer of white matter.
D)Connected by the corpus callosum and anterior commissure.

Answer 1

D
Explanation: The longitudinal fissure divides the two cerebral hemispheres,and each hemisphere can be subdivided into a total of six lobes: frontal,parietal,temporal,occipital,limbic,and insular.The surface of the cerebrum is composed of gray matter,with underlying white matter deep to this.The corpus callosum connects the majority of the left and right cerebral hemispheres,with the anterior commissure connecting the left and right temporal cortices.

Question 2

The peripheral nervous system includes which of the following?

A)Brainstem and spinal nerves
B)Nerves,sensory receptors,and autonomic ganglia
C)Groups of myelinated axons called capsules or tracts
D)Only afferent neurons that convey information to the central nervous system

Answer 2

B
Explanation: The peripheral nervous system consists of all nervous system structures outside of the skull and spinal column.Myelinated axons,the white matter of the peripheral nervous system,are grouped together in nerves.Peripheral nerves convey both afferent and efferent information to and from the central nervous system.Collections of autonomic cell bodies,or gray matter,located in the periphery are termed ganglia.

Question 3

Cerebrospinal fluid is secreted by the _______ and reabsorbed into the ________.

A)Choroid plexus;lymphatic system
B)Lymphatic system;choroid plexus
C)Venous system;lymphatic system
D)Choroid plexus;venous system

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Cerebrospinal fluid,a modified plasma filtrate,is secreted by the choroid plexus in the ventricles of the central nervous system and is reabsorbed into the venous blood system.

Question 4

Which one of the following statements about the nervous system is incorrect?

A)Areas of white matter of the spinal cord are divided into anterior,lateral,and dorsal areas and are called columns.
B)The two primary functions of the spinal cord are to process information and to mediate reflex pathways.
C)The pyramidal decussation is a prominent feature on the anterior surface of the pons.
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following correctly pairs a cerebral structure with its function?

A)Corpus striatum;memory formation
B)Internal capsule;cortical and subcortical communication
C)Amygdala;somatosensory integration and processing
D)Epithalamus;regulation of metabolic rate

Question 6

A patient visits the emergency department after a motor vehicle accident.He has suffered multiple blunt force head traumas.This patient's injury would be described as:

A)Focal.
B)Multifocal.
C)Diffuse.
D)Both B and C

Question 7

Which one of the following functions is regulated by the structures of the diencephalon?

A)Processing of emotion and memory information
B)Integration of information for equilibrium
C)Coordination of movement
D)Orientation to visual and auditory stimuli

Question 8

Which one of the following studies is an example of systems level neuroscience?

A)A study investigating the action of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the temporal lobes of rodents
B)A study investigating the effect of impaired memory on walking performance
C)A study investigating how autonomic nerves influences baroreceptors in the vasculature
D)A study investigating the differential effects of vestibular and proprioceptive impairments on balance in those who have had a stroke

Question 9

The incidence of a disease is:

A)The proportion of the population that develops a new case of the disorder in a defined period.
B)The current proportion of the population with the condition.
C)The cumulative sum of past years' prevalence rates.
D)Typically reported as being per 1000 people.

Question 10

The function of the meninges includes which one of the following?

A)Regulation of extracellular fluid content
B)Protection of the brain and spinal cord
C)Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid
D)All of the above

Question 11

Blood supply to the deep structures of the brain is provided by which of the following?

A)Deep branches of the posterior cerebral arteries
B)Anterior choroidal arteries
C)Posterior choroidal arteries
D)Both B and C
E)A,B,and C

Question 12

The brainstem and cerebellum receive most of their blood supply from which of the following arterial branches?

A)Internal carotid and posterior cerebral
B)Vertebral and middle cerebral
C)Vertebral and basilar
D)Internal carotid and basilar

Question 13

The middle cerebral arteries arise from the ________ and supply the _________.

A)Basilar artery;medial surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes
B)Internal carotid arteries;lateral cerebral hemispheres
C)Anterior communicating artery;lateral cerebral hemispheres
D)Internal carotid arteries;internal capsule,putamen,and caudate nucleus
E)Internal carotid arteries;lateral cerebral hemispheres and internal capsule,putamen,and caudate nucleus

Question 14

Each cranial nerve:

A)Emerges from the spinal cord.
B)Is numbered according to its place of attachment.
C)Innervates the head,neck,and face.
D)Carries motor and sensory information.

Question 15

Which of the following three systems extend into all regions of the nervous system?

A)Somatic motor,autonomic,and basal ganglia
B)Autonomic,somatosensory,and cognitive
C)Limbic,autonomic,and somatosensory
D)Somatic,somatosensory,and autonomic

Question 16

A patient reports that she has recently had pain and a loss of coordination in her left leg.These symptoms initially began 5 days earlier,gradually worsened for 3 days,but then did not worsen or improve since that time.The speed of onset and nature of these complaints is most likely which one of the following?

A)Acute vascular problem
B)Subacute degenerative disorder
C)Chronic inflammatory process
D)Subacute inflammatory process

Question 17

An individual suffers a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)or stroke,which disrupts the blood supply to the medial area of the frontal lobe.This disruption is most likely due to blockage of which one of the following?

A)Anterior communicating artery
B)Anterior cerebral artery
C)Middle cerebral artery
D)Posterior cerebral artery

Question 18

An individual is admitted to the hospital to investigate a recently discovered abdominal mass.To determine the metabolic rate of the mass,an imaging study is ordered,during which a radioisotope is injected into the patient's bloodstream.This study is an example of which one of the following?

A)Computed tomographic (CT)scan
B)Functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI)
C)Diffusion tensor image (DTI)
D)PET scan

Question 19

Which of the following arteries are part of the circle of Willis?

A)Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
B)Anterior and lateral cerebral arteries
C)Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
D)Medial and lateral communicating arteries

Question 20

The purpose of a neurologic evaluation is to:

A)Establish a definitive diagnosis.
B)Determine an appropriate plan of care.
C)Determine the probable cause of the problem.
D)Determine the probable cause of the problem and the appropriate plan of care.