Deck 17: Cerebrum

Question 1

The functions of the dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex include which of the following?

A)Deciding on a goal
B)Planning how to accomplish the goal
C)Solving a problem
D)A and B
E)All of the above

Answer 1

E
Explanation: The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is involved in self-awareness and goal-oriented functions.These executive functions include goal setting,planning,and problem solving to enable goals to be accomplished.

Question 2

The parietotemporal association area is important for which of the following?

A)Solving a problem
B)Comprehending communication
C)Understanding spatial relationships
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Answer 2

E
Explanation: The parietotemporal association area in the posterior parietal and temporal cortices performs problem-solving techniques and comprehends communication and spatial relationships.

Question 3

According to the somatic marker hypothesis:

A)Specific areas of the body are mapped on the motor cortex.
B)Memory is processed by both limbic and nonlimbic structures.
C)The amygdala interprets facial expressions and social signals.
D)Emotions are critical for sound judgment and decision making.
E)Pressure points on the body correspond to visceral organs.

Answer 3

D
Explanation: The process of decision making includes imagining consequences and attending to the resulting emotional signals from the visceral,muscular,and hormonal systems.The somatic marker hypothesis states that such emotions are critical to decision making and judgement.

Question 4

A patient has severe motor learning deficits.These deficits likely involve damage to which of the following areas?

A)Motor cortex,cingulate cortex,and thalamus
B)Parietal cortex,temporal cortex,and ventral striatum
C)Motor cortex,parietal cortex,and ventral striatum
D)Parietal cortex,cingulate cortex,and thalamus

Question 5

What is(are)the effect(s)of persistently high levels of cortisol (i.e.,a prolonged stress response)?

A)Suppression of immune function
B)Increased incidence of colitis,cardiovascular disorders,and adult-onset diabetes
C)Cognitive and emotional disturbances
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above

Question 6

A patient is being taught to ascend stairs with a walker while a maintaining non-weight-bearing stance on his left foot.Once learned,this motor skill will be an example of which of the following?

A)Conscious procedural memory
B)Unconscious declarative memory
C)Unconscious procedural memory
D)Conscious declarative memory

Question 7

The areas associated with impulse control,personality,and reactions to surroundings are located in which of the following?

A)Precentral and postcentral gyri
B)Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
C)Parietotemporal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices
D)Ventral and medial dorsal prefrontal association cortices
E)Parietotemporal and cingulate cortices

Question 8

Initiation of movement,orientation,and planning of bimanual or sequential movements are influenced by which of the following?

A)Supplementary motor area
B)Premotor area
C)Broca's area
D)Area analogous to Broca's area in the nondominant hemisphere
E)Primary motor cortex

Question 9

After being processed by the secondary visual cortex,visual information flows in which of the following direction(s)?

A)Dorsally to the posterior parietal lobe,then to the frontal lobe
B)Medially to the thalamus
C)Ventrally to the temporal lobe
D)Both A and C
E)All of the above

Question 10

Categorizing sounds as language,music,or noise occurs in which of the following?

A)Superior colliculus
B)Secondary auditory cortex
C)Secondary visual cortex
D)Primary auditory cortex
E)Cochlear nuclei

Question 11

Which of the following are projection fibers?

A)Corticospinal
B)Corticobrainstem
C)Thalamocortical
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 12

The functions of the ventral striatum include which of the following?

A)Reward-oriented behavior
B)Motor planning and execution
C)Goal-setting behavior
D)Visual and spatial processing

Question 13

Trunk and girdle muscles are controlled by descending signals from neurons in which of the following?

A)Supplementary motor area
B)Premotor area
C)Broca's area
D)Area analogous to Broca's area in the nondominant hemisphere
E)Primary motor cortex

Question 14

In the encoding process of declarative memory:

A)Memories are stabilized via long-term potentiation.
B)Memories can be enhanced by attention or emotional arousal.
C)The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex encodes the declarative memory information for storage in the hippocampus.
D)Information is processed into a memory representation in the thalamic relay nuclei.
E)All of the above occur.

Question 15

Recognition of an unseen object by touch and manipulation occurs in which of the following?

A)Cerebellum
B)Basal ganglia
C)Primary somatosensory cortex
D)Secondary sensory area
E)Dorsolateral prefrontal association

Question 16

Which of the following structures are involved in the recognition,generation,and perception of emotion?

A)Amygdala and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus
B)Epithalamus and subthalamus
C)Anterior insula and ventral striatum
D)A and C
E)All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following correctly matches a system with its contribution to the stress response?

A)Somatic nervous system;increases muscle tension.
B)Autonomic nervous system;increases blood flow to the skin,kidneys,and digestive tract.
C)Neuroendocrine system;stimulates release of epinephrine from the adrenal glands.
D)Both A and C
E)All of the above

Question 18

The intralaminar thalamic nuclei are important for which of the following?

A)Arousal and motor behavior
B)Pituitary and adrenal gland function
C)Reward and punishment behavior
D)Spatial and somatic mapping

Question 19

Which of the following neurotransmitters act on the anterior cingulate cortex to help direct attention toward an object?

A)Dopamine
B)Acetylcholine
C)Serotonin
D)Norepinephrine
E)Both A and D

Question 20

The primary somatosensory cortex:

A)Receives information directly from the basal ganglia.
B)Processes unconscious somatosensory information.
C)Receives information via the dorsal column/medial lemniscus,and trigeminothalamocortical systems.
D)Processes auditory and vestibular information.
E)Performs none of the above.

Question 21

Which of the following statements about Wernicke's area is correct?

A)It provides the instructions for speech output.
B)It is important for reading and writing.
C)It is contralateral to Broca's area.
D)Both A and B are true.
E)All of the above are true.