Deck 18: Cerebrum: Clinical Applications

Question 1

Which of the following may occur with damage to the area corresponding to Wernicke's area?

A)Inability to understand nonverbal communication
B)Personal neglect
C)Spatial neglect
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Answer 1

E
Explanation: If the area corresponding to Wernicke's is damaged on the right side,then the person has difficulty understanding nonverbal communication.The area corresponding to Wernicke's area is also important for body image and for understanding the relationship between self and the environment.Damage to the area corresponding to Wernicke's area may cause neglect.

Question 2

Which kind of disorder may be caused by a lesion or dysfunction of the caudate head?

A)Movement disorders
B)Apathy
C)A and B
D)None of the above

Answer 2

B
Explanation: In contrast to the movement disorders associated with lenticular dysfunction,lesions or dysfunctions of the caudate head rarely cause motor disorders;rather,they cause behavioral disturbances.The most common abnormality secondary to caudate head damage is apathy,with the loss of initiative,spontaneous thought,and emotional responses.

Question 3

Spatial neglect includes:

A)Problems with navigation
B)Problems with dressing
C)None of the above
D)A and B

Answer 3

D
Explanation: Spatial neglect includes problems with navigation,construction,and dressing.One aspect of a deficit in understanding spatial relationships is difficulty finding the correct route to a location.People with spatial neglect may catch part of a wheelchair on an object and continue to try to move forward,unaware that the object is interfering with the intended movement.

Question 4

What is motor perseveration?

A)Acquisition of a new motor skill through repetition
B)Inability of a person to perform a movement or sequence of movements despite intact sensation,normal muscle strength and coordination,and understanding of the task
C)Uncontrollable repetition of a movement
D)Impairment in the ability to draw and to arrange objects correctly in space

Question 5

Which of the following best defines anosognosia?

A)Severe hemiparesis
B)Hemilateral personal neglect
C)Denial of functional deficits in the paretic limb
D)Visual spatial neglect
E)Constructional apraxia

Question 6

Consequences of violent shaking of an infant may include which of the following?

A)Cerebral edema
B)Cerebral hemorrhage
C)Development of motor abnormalities as the infant matures
D)Emergence of cognitive deficits as the infant matures
E)All of the above

Question 7

If a patient is unable to button a shirt despite intact sensation,motor control,and understanding of the task,where is the most likely location of a lesion?

A)Wernicke's area
B)Hippocampus,Wernicke's area,or Broca's area
C)Secondary somatosensory cortex
D)Premotor or supplementary motor areas

Question 8

What is Wernicke's aphasia?

A)Inability to use language in any form
B)Use of unintended words or phrases
C)Difficulty in expressing oneself using language
D)Impairment of language comprehension

Question 9

Which of the following items is an aspect of emotional lability?

A)Abrupt mood shifts
B)Lack of emotion
C)Intentionally ignoring someone else's emotions
D)None of the above

Question 10

What differences generally appear in how attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)manifests in boys versus in girls?

A)No differences exist.
B)Boys with ADHD are more likely to be inattentive than girls;girls tend to be hyperactive or impulsive.
C)Girls with ADHD are more likely to be inattentive than boys;boys tend to be hyperactive or impulsive.
D)Girls with ADHD are less likely to be inattentive than boys;boys tend to be hyperactive or impulsive.

Question 11

If a patient has lesions in the right parietotemporal cortex,which of the following symptoms are they likely to experience?

A)Disorders of language
B)Difficulty understanding nonverbal communication
C)None of the above
D)A and B

Question 12

Where is pain processed?

A)Secondary sensory cortex
B)Primary somatosensory cortex
C)Visual cortex
D)None of the above

Question 13

Dysarthria is caused by a lesion of which of the following?

A)Broca's area,usually in the left hemisphere
B)Broca's area,usually in the right hemisphere
C)Wernicke's area,Broca's area,and the intervening cortical and subcortical structures
D)Lower motor neurons or corticobrainstem neurons
E)Neurons connecting Wernicke's area with Broca's area

Question 14

Which of the following typically occur after traumatic head injury?

A)Impulsiveness and inappropriate behaviors
B)Difficulty in directing attention
C)Decreased executive functions
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 15

The inability to understand written or spoken language,including inability to read and write and produce meaningful language,despite the ability to produce fluent speech sounds:

A)Broca's aphasia
B)Conduction aphasia
C)Global aphasia
D)Wernicke's aphasia
E)Dysarthria

Question 16

If a person speaks in a monotone,is unable to communicate effectively nonverbally,and lacks emotional gestures and facial expressions,the lesion is located in which of the following?

A)Broca's area in the dominant hemisphere
B)Area corresponding to Broca's in the nondominant hemisphere
C)Wernicke's area in the dominant hemisphere
D)Area corresponding to Wernicke's area in the nondominant hemisphere
E)Lower motor neurons or corticobrainstem neurons

Question 17

Which of the following describes the motor control approach to regaining function subsequent to a stroke?

A)Therapist uses hands-on techniques to inhibit excessive muscle tone.
B)Client is encouraged to use the nonparetic side to substitute for the paretic side.
C)A rigid lower limb brace is provided to allow early ambulation.
D)Desired task is practiced in the environment in which the client will be performing the task.
E)Sequence of preparatory activities is perfected before the desired task is attempted.

Question 18

Synonyms for Broca's aphasia include which of the following?

A)Motor aphasia
B)Expressive aphasia
C)Nonfluent aphasia
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 19

Which of the following characterize spatial neglect?

A)Navigation apraxia
B)Dressing apraxia
C)Visual agnosia
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 20

For which condition might a callosotomy be beneficial?

A)Epilepsy
B)Parkinson's disease
C)Arthritis
D)Dementia