Deck 19: Support Systems: Blood Supply and Cerebrospinal Fluid System

Question 1

Lacunar infarctions:

A)Are due to hemorrhage.
B)Typically result in severe residual disability.
C)Produce small avascular cavities in the brain.
D)Are a form of TIAs.
E)Occur most often in the anterior cerebral artery.

Answer 1

C
Explanation: Obstructions of blood flow in small,deep arteries result in lacunar infarctions.Lacunae are small cavities that remain after the necrotic tissue is cleared away.These infarctions occur most often in the basal ganglia,internal capsule,thalamus,and brainstem.Signs of lacunar infarctions develop slowly and are often either purely motor or purely sensory,with good recovery being common.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly describes the circulation of CSF?

A)Choroid plexus,subarachnoid space,lateral ventricles,arachnoid villi
B)Arachnoid villi,subarachnoid space,lateral ventricles,choroid plexus
C)Choroid plexus,lateral ventricles,subarachnoid space,arachnoid villi
D)Arachnoid villi,lateral ventricles,arachnoid villi,subarachnoid space

Answer 2

C
Explanation: The choroid plexus of the ventricles secret CSF.From the lateral ventricles,CSF flows into the third ventricle via the interventricular foramina and from the third ventricle into the fourth via the cerebral aqueduct.After exiting the fourth ventricle through the lateral and medial foramina,CSF moves into the subarachnoid space.Ultimately,CSF is absorbed through the arachnoid villi into the venous sinuses.

Question 3

Which of the following is(are)the function(s)of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)system?

A)To provide water and certain amino acids to the extracellular fluid
B)To supply specific ions to the extracellular fluid
C)To provide buoyancy to the brain
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Answer 3

E
Explanation: The CSF system works to regulate the extracellular milieu by supplying water,amino acids,and specific ions to the extracellular fluid.In addition,the buoyancy provided by the CSF provides protects the brain by absorbing some of the impact when the head is struck.

Question 4

Which of the following generally carries the most promising prognosis for recovery?

A)Thrombic infarction
B)Lacunar infarction
C)Basilar artery occlusion
D)Subdural hematoma

Question 5

Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow occurs via which of the following mechanisms?

A)Blood pressure
B)Metabolite concentration
C)pH level
D)A and C only
E)All of the above

Question 6

Partial occlusion of the basilar artery may cause:

A)Tetraplegia.
B)Loss of sensation.
C)Coma.
D)Cranial nerve signs.
E)All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)The inner layer of the dura mater is attached to the arachnoid.
B)The pia mater is a delicate membrane loosely attached to the dura mater.
C)Extensions of the arachnoid anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater.
D)Arachnoid trabeculae connect the arachnoid to the brain and spinal cord.
E)Both A and D are correct statements.

Question 8

A patient has recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident and demonstrates left-sided hemiplegia with the leg more severely affected than the arm.The most likely location of this patient's infarction is which one of the following arteries?

A)Anterior cerebral
B)Middle cerebral
C)Posterior cerebral
D)None of the above

Question 9

Vertebrobasilar artery ischemia is associated with:

A)Diplopia
B)Ataxia
C)Weakness
D)Oropharyngeal dysfunction
E)All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following processes form CSF?

A)Extracellular fluid leakage
B)Blood filtration
C)Active transport of substances
D)A and C only
E)All of the above

Question 11

What structure is above the body of the lateral ventricle?

A)Thalamus
B)Hypothalamus
C)Caudate
D)Corpus callosum
E)Lenticular nucleus

Question 12

An embolus in which of the following arteries will usually produce cerebellar ischemia?

A)Vertebrobasilar
B)Basilar
C)Intracranial vertebral
D)Cerebral

Question 13

A nonresponsive 25-year-old man is being evaluated.He collapsed several hours after being struck in the head during a bar fight.This individual has most likely suffered from which of the following?

A)Epidural hemorrhage
B)Epidural hematoma
C)Subdural hematoma
D)Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 14

Acute cerebellar infarction typically produces which of the following?

A)Dizziness and/or vertigo with a lack of balance
B)Nausea and vomiting,dysarthria,and headache
C)Receptive aphasia
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C

Question 15

Where is CSF normally found?

A)In the subarachnoid space
B)Between the dura and the skull
C)In the subdural space
D)Between the pia mater and the brain
E)None of the above

Question 16

Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and ischemia of the inferior parietofrontal lobes of the right hemisphere may result in which of the following?

A)Impaired nonverbal communication
B)Apraxia
C)Hemispatial and hemipersonal neglect
D)All of the above
E)None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following events occurs with prolonged cerebral edema?

A)Fluid leakage from damaged capillaries
B)Arterial dilation with increased capillary pressures
C)Lack of blood flow and O₂ delivery
D)All of the above

Question 18

Sparing of language,spatial awareness,and declarative memory is typical of which of the following?

A)Adult hydrocephalus
B)Meningitis
C)TIA
D)Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery

Question 19

Venous blood that accumulates in the dural sinus will drain into which of the following?

A)Watershed area
B)Internal carotid vein
C)Jugular vein
D)Fourth ventricle
E)None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following stimulate vasoconstriction of the cerebral arteries?

A)Low blood pressure
B)Low pH levels (acidic)
C)Low oxygen (O₂)concentrations
D)Low carbon dioxide (CO₂)concentrations