Deck 11: Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations

Question 1

Medium-security prisons promote greater treatment efforts than maximum-security prisons.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

European Americans make up 47 percent of the jail population, so a disproportionate number of jail inmates are minority.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Penal institutions where offenders would go to be deprived of their freedom for punishment have been around since the tenth century.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In the 1500s in Brideswell, a workhouse was built to hold those convicted of minor offenses, who would work to pay off their debt; serious offenders were held there until their execution.

Question 5

Boot camps are a form of shock incarceration.

Question 6

The "modern" American correctional system has its origins in New York.

Question 7

Floaters were abandoned ships anchored in harbors and used in eighteenth century England to house prisoners.

Question 8

John Augustus revolutionized corrections by calling for the renovation of the prison system in 1790.

Question 9

The rehabilitation movement of the 1960s was guided by the medical model.

Question 10

Private prisons are called private because the food and medical services are provided by private contractors.

Question 11

Some pregnant women are allowed to keep their babies in prison with them.

Question 12

The amount of time served in prison has decreased.

Question 13

Supporters of the Pennsylvania system believed that the penitentiary was truly a place to experience penitence.

Question 14

Medium-security prisons have liberal furlough but strict visiting policies.

Question 15

The Sumners-Ashurst Act made it a federal offense to transport interstate commerce goods made in prison for private use.

Question 16

The Auburn system used tiered cells, congregate living conditions, group activities, and silence as punishment.

Question 17

The federal government has closed its boot camp program.

Question 18

The early twentieth century was a time of stark contrasts in the US prison system.

Question 19

The number of adult females in jail has been growing at a much faster rate than males.

Question 20

The Quakers pressured the state legislature to improve conditions in the prisons in Pennsylvania.

Question 21

Approximately _____ of the people now entering prison are parole violates.​

A)one-fourth
B)one-third
C)half
D)three-fourths

Question 22

​There are currently more than 1.6 million inmates in the state and federal prison systems.

Question 23

Which statement is false regarding the population of jail inmates

A)The number of juveniles in adult facilities has been dramatically increasing in the past decade.
B)Less than 12 percent of jail inmates are female.
C)Men and the poor are overrepresented among jail inmates.
D)Racial and ethnic minorities are overrepresented among jail inmates.

Question 24

Which is not one of the five primary purposes for jails

A)Detain accused offenders awaiting trial​
B)Hold probationers and parolees who are awaiting a revocation hearing
C)House convicted felons when state prisons are overcrowded
D)Hold mental patients when asylums are overcrowded

Question 25

Currently there are _____________ inmates in the state and federal prison systems.​

A)800,000
B)1.1 million
C)1.6 million
D)2.1 million

Question 26

An important trend in prisons of the twentieth century was the:​

A)development of the modern convict-lease system.
B)development of increased rigidity and more prison rules.
C)replacement of solitary confinement with the whip and lash.
D)development of specialized prisons designed to treat particular types of offenders.

Question 27

What group formed the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons

A)Buddhists​
B)Catholics
C)Quakers
D)Mormons

Question 28

What is the name for the system that allowed prison officials to sell the labor of inmates to private businesses

A)Property in service system
B)Guardian system
C)Contract system
D)Convict-lease system

Question 29

​The major similarity between the Pennsylvania and the Auburn system was:

A)penitence and prayer.
B)group or congregate work.
C)tiered cells.
D)silent, harsh punishment.

Question 30

The Pennsylvania system in corrections was the first to take the radical step of:​

A)creating a specific gang intervention program.
B)creating dormitory-type spaces for inmates to stay.
C)placing each inmate in a single cell.
D)placing inmates in prerelease work programs.

Question 31

Shock incarceration occurs in prison farms.

Question 32

The "modern" American correctional system had its origin in _______.​

A)New York
B)Pennsylvania
C)New Jersey
D)Massachusetts

Question 33

There are significantly higher recidivism rates by offenders housed in private prisons compared to state-run facilities.

Question 34

Which prison system was known as the congregate system

A)New Jersey system​
B)Auburn system
C)Pennsylvania system
D)Newbern system

Question 35

​The "modern" American correctional concept has its origin under the leadership of:

A)William Penn.
B)George Washington.
C)Alexander Machonochie.
D)Cesare Beccaria.

Question 36

New generation jails are designed to increase and improve security while giving inmates a sense of privacy.

Question 37

When did the concept of incarcerating convicted offenders as a form of punishment become the norm for corrections

A)During biblical times
B)Fourteenth century
C)Seventeenth century
D)Nineteenth century

Question 38

​What was the key to discipline in the Auburn system

A)Flogging
B)Branding
C)Prayer and penitence
D)Silence confinement

Question 39

In a maximum-security prison, most inmates are in lockdown 23 hours per day.

Question 40

​Where were the English forced to house large numbers of prisoners in the late eighteenth century

A)In the ancient Le Stinche prison
B)In the basement of Westminster Abbey
C)In abandoned coal and copper mines
D)On prison hulks and barges

Question 41

About ________ percent of the jail population is European Americans.​

A)25
B)33
C)50
D)65

Question 42

Shock incarceration programs generally last how long

A)1-2 days​
B)1-3 weeks
C)90-180 days
D)6-12 months

Question 43

Sean hasn't always been on the wrong side of the law; he grew up in a two-parent household and was involved with his church and the community garden that his dad loved. When his dad was arrested and sent to prison for growing copious amounts of marijuana, everything changed. When his father was sentenced, his mom left him with his grandma and she hasn't been seen in 2 years. Sean has had many chances to reform his behavior in the juvenile system, and his grandmother has tried to get him counseling and a mentor. Despite his young age of 16, Sean has just been sentenced as an adult in a shooting rampage that killed one and wounded four.  
Sean has recently been handpicked by the warden along with several other inmates to leave the prison and work for a company that is going to replace the roofs of all of the correctional institutions in the state. The origin of this type of work or arrangement can be found in:​

A)indentured servants.
B)the ticket of leave.
C)the contract system.
D)the convict lease.

Question 44

Private prisons have the unique advantage of:​

A)allowing the government to circumvent the voting process to approve a bond issue.
B)being selective in which inmates are housed.
C)not cutting corners, because they have private sources of funding.
D)being difficult to determine accountability for problems and mishaps.

Question 45

The inmate population in the United States has __________ despite a decade long crime drop.​

A)increased exponentially
B)stabilized
C)only decreased minimally
D)stayed the same

Question 46

Prison farms and camps are found primarily in what sections of the country

A)Northeast
B)Along the East coast
C)The states bordering Canada
D)South and the West

Question 47

Sean hasn't always been on the wrong side of the law; he grew up in a two-parent household and was involved with his church and the community garden that his dad loved. When his dad was arrested and sent to prison for growing copious amounts of marijuana, everything changed. When his father was sentenced, his mom left him with his grandma and she hasn't been seen in 2 years. Sean has had many chances to reform his behavior in the juvenile system, and his grandmother has tried to get him counseling and a mentor. Despite his young age of 16, Sean has just been sentenced as an adult in a shooting rampage that killed one and wounded four.  
Sean has gotten in a fight with another inmate, and he will be transferred to another prison with a different custody level. What will be the likely choice for Sean who is now considered a more violent offender

A)Federal prison camp​
B)Medium-security prison
C)Private prison
D)Maximum-security prison

Question 48

Sean hasn't always been on the wrong side of the law; he grew up in a two-parent household and was involved with his church and the community garden that his dad loved. When his dad was arrested and sent to prison for growing copious amounts of marijuana, everything changed. When his father was sentenced, his mom left him with his grandma and she hasn't been seen in 2 years. Sean has had many chances to reform his behavior in the juvenile system, and his grandmother has tried to get him counseling and a mentor. Despite his young age of 16, Sean has just been sentenced as an adult in a shooting rampage that killed one and wounded four.  
Sean was placed in solitary confinement when he first arrived at the prison. The problem is that he has now been in solitude for 3 months. What is the historical purpose of these actions

A)Penance​
B)Solitude for safety
C)Retribution
D)Rehabilitation to cure

Question 49

The majority of inmates the in the United States are:​

A)housed in maximum or super-maximum facilities.
B)housed in private prisons.
C)alcohol and/or drug dependent at the time of their arrest.
D)first-time violent offenders who will serve long sentences.

Question 50

​Which is a factor that helps contribute to swelling prison populations

A)Failure of community release programs
B)Mandatory sentencing laws​
C)Conviction rates
D)All of these factors contribute to the prison population

Question 51

Sean hasn't always been on the wrong side of the law; he grew up in a two-parent household and was involved with his church and the community garden that his dad loved. When his dad was arrested and sent to prison for growing copious amounts of marijuana, everything changed. When his father was sentenced, his mom left him with his grandma and she hasn't been seen in 2 years. Sean has had many chances to reform his behavior in the juvenile system, and his grandmother has tried to get him counseling and a mentor. Despite his young age of 16, Sean has just been sentenced as an adult in a shooting rampage that killed one and wounded four.  
Sean hasn't ever come to grips with his childhood and his feelings of abandonment. He has been seeing the prison psychologist and is getting treatment. What model provides the rationale for giving inmates this opportunity inside prison

A)The medical model
B)The Pennsylvania model
C)The Auburn model
D)The Bill of Rights requires treatment in prison

Question 52

Which is false regarding new-generation jails

A)Unobserved inmates are essentially unsupervised.
B)Continuous observation of residents is permitted.
C)Direct supervision jails involve a cluster of cells surrounding a living area.
D)Indirect supervision jails are a type of new-generation jail.

Question 53

​Which of the following is true regarding future prison trends

A)Fewer people are receiving a prison sentence than 5 years ago.
B)A significantly greater number of people are receiving prison sentences than a decade ago.
C)Policymakers are shifting to a rehabilitation perspective.
D)All states spend more on prisons than higher education.

Question 54

The US Correctional Corporation opened its first private prison in what state

A)New York​
B)Kentucky
C)Virginia
D)Georgia

Question 55

What type of jail has the correctional officer's station located inside a secure room

A)Linear jail
B)Indirect supervision jail
C)Direct supervision jail
D)Maximum security jail

Question 56

Shock incarceration is generally designed with what target population in mind

A)Violent offenders
B)Elderly offenders
C)Drug offenders
D)Youthful, first-time offenders

Question 57

The primary purpose of a maximum-security prison is:​

A)rehabilitation.
B)security.
C)deterrence.
D)silence.

Question 58

Joliet and the "The Rock" were examples of what type of prison

A)Maximum security​
B)Medium security
C)Minimum security
D)A prison farm

Question 59

The suicide rate in county jails was approximately ____ times greater than that in the general population of the United States.​

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 60

Which of the following statements best describes correctional technology

A)Escape from jail can be prevented through the monitoring of an inmates' heartbeat.
B)Ground penetrating radar can locate tunnels inmates use to escape.
C)An all-in-one detection spray can be used to detect someone who possesses marijuana, methamphetamines, heroin, or cocaine.
D)All of these are true regarding correction technology.

Question 61

____________________ are found primarily in the South and West and have been in operation since the nineteenth century to detain offenders.

Question 62

____________________ prisons are the most stringent type of facilities that lock down inmates 23 hours a day.

Question 63

____________________ is a prison sentence served in a boot camp type facility.

Question 64

Becky is a 17 years old and has always been trouble. She disobeys her parents, skips school, and seems to have some anger toward authority figures. She also has some developmental delays that she was born with and although she is 17, she acts as if she is 12. She is standing in front of Judge Brown for the first time and is being charged with shoplifting. The judge has a lot of options for punishment because Becky lives in a state where 17 is the legal age to be considered an adult.
​The judge would like Becky to learn discipline and to understand the seriousness of her actions. Of the many punishments, what will most likely accomplish the judge's goal

A)Halfway house
B)Boot camp
C)New-generation jail
D)Minimum-security prison

Question 65

The US Corrections Corporation opened the first ____________________ in 1986.

Question 66

A _____ houses those awaiting trial and confines convicted misdemeanants serving sentences of less than one year.

Question 67

Becky is a 17 years old and has always been trouble. She disobeys her parents, skips school, and seems to have some anger toward authority figures. She also has some developmental delays that she was born with and although she is 17, she acts as if she is 12. She is standing in front of Judge Brown for the first time and is being charged with shoplifting. The judge has a lot of options for punishment because Becky lives in a state where 17 is the legal age to be considered an adult.
​Becky has been sentenced to a minimum-security prison where she is working with other inmates to make goods. She engages in other group activities such as meals and recreation but stays alone in her cell at night. What is the origin of this type of punishment

A)The congregate system
B)The Pennsylvania system
C)The Walnut street jail
D)The convict-lease system

Question 68

A halfway house is an example of a(n) ____________________.

Question 69

The tier system was first introduced as part of the ____________________ system.

Question 70

Incarceration of felony offenders for terms of one year or more occurs in a _____.

Question 71

The penitentiary house was a central feature in the early ____________________ prison system.

Question 72

Using the supervision of citizen volunteers called ______________, Zebulon Brockway selected rehabilitated offenders for early release.

Question 73

Wayne is an architect. He designs all kinds of buildings, but lately he has found that designing correctional institutions is a very lucrative business. He knows a couple of people that have gone to jail and prison and has been asked to come up with the best way to maintain security in each facility.​
Wayne has been contacted by the GEO group to design a facility. What type of work is he about to sign-on for

A)Private prison
B)Boot camp
C)Super-maximum facility
D)Halfway house

Question 74

In a(n) ____________________ inmates have a great deal of personal freedom that sometimes includes work furloughs

Question 75

Boot camps are an example of ____________________ incarceration.

Question 76

The ____________________ was the practice of correctional official selling the labor of inmates to private businesses.

Question 77

Becky is a 17 years old and has always been trouble. She disobeys her parents, skips school, and seems to have some anger toward authority figures. She also has some developmental delays that she was born with and although she is 17, she acts as if she is 12. She is standing in front of Judge Brown for the first time and is being charged with shoplifting. The judge has a lot of options for punishment because Becky lives in a state where 17 is the legal age to be considered an adult.
Becky is back in court for her second shoplifting offense. The judge still feels that an alternative sentence is appropriate for Becky, possibly one that provides her skills that will help in the future. What type of facility will likely accomplish his goal

A)Boot camp
B)Halfway house
C)Private prison
D)Prison camp

Question 78

The Auburn system was also referred to as the ____________________ system since most prisoners ate and worked in groups.

Question 79

Almost 9 out of 10 jail inmates are __________________.

Question 80

Wayne is an architect. He designs all kinds of buildings, but lately he has found that designing correctional institutions is a very lucrative business. He knows a couple of people that have gone to jail and prison and has been asked to come up with the best way to maintain security in each facility.​
Wayne is working on a project that will be a free-standing structure that houses inmates in pods. This will allow officers to supervise them differently. What is Wayne building

A)Medium-security prison
B)New-generation jail
C)Private prison
D)Maximum-security prison