Deck 12: Prison Life: Living in and Leaving Prison

Question 1

The rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among state and federal prisoners has stabilized at around 2 percent.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

More than half of all-male inmates are held in minimum-security prisons.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Before the 1960s, it was the norm for convicted criminals to forfeit all rights and be declared civilly dead in the eyes of the state.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Prison Rape Reduction Act was established in 2003.

Question 5

Homosexual men are the largest target population for sexual violence and assault in the male-dominated, single-gendered institutions.

Question 6

In the most significant legal case concerning medical rights, the entire Alabama prison system's medical facilities were declared inadequate.

Question 7

Most female inmates are women of color with small children.

Question 8

The inmate balance theory of the cause of collective violence suggests that riots and other forms of collective action occur when prison officials make an abrupt effort to take control of the prison and limit freedoms.

Question 9

To slow down prison litigation that clogs the federal courts, Congress passed the Prison Litigation Reform Act in 1996, which requires prisoners to exhaust all internal administrative grievance procedures before filing a civil rights case in federal court.

Question 10

Conflict, violence, and brutality increase among inmates in direct relation to their housing security and custody level.

Question 11

About 75 percent of female inmates have used drugs at some time in their lives.

Question 12

The federal government has passed legislation criminalizing staff sexual misconduct against inmates.

Question 13

Male inmates with a history of prearrest drug use and those who have been incarcerated for violent crimes are the ones most likely to get involved in assaults and drug/alcohol offenses while in prison.

Question 14

Approximately 4 percent of state and federal prison inmates reported experiencing one or more incidents of sexual victimization by another inmate or correctional staff in the past 12 months.

Question 15

One form of adaption to a female prison is the creation of the make-believe family.

Question 16

"Be sharp and don't be a sucker" is one element of the inmate social code.

Question 17

The typical woman behind bars has a history of abuse and is incarcerated for low-level drug or property offenses.

Question 18

New inmates are often called "newjacks."

Question 19

African-American inmates often suffer discrimination within the prison itself.

Question 20

Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act, a warden can decide that an inmate's lawsuit is frivolous and malicious; they can "strike" it down.

Question 21

Very few prison facilities use some mode of treatment for inmates.

Question 22

Research has shown that inmates involved in religious programs and education while incarcerated do better following release than those in comparison groups, but the differences quickly erode.

Question 23

In the "new" inmate culture:​​

A)there is more importation of outside values and norms.
B)African-American and Latino inmates are more organized than whites.
C)more inmates than ever before are assigned to protective custody.
D)All of the above are characteristic of the new inmate culture.

Question 24

The desire for warm, stable relationships that are otherwise unobtainable in the prison environment often leads the female inmate to:​

A)engage in self-mutilation behavior.
B)develop elaborate black market economies.
C)create make-believe families.
D)marry prison guards and staff.

Question 25

What factor is said to have precipitated the "new" inmate culture

A)Determinate sentencing practices
B)The growing crack cocaine epidemic
C)The Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s
D)Increasing levels of prison overcrowding

Question 26

What type of treatment program flourished under the Bush administration

A)Behavior modification
B)Milieu therapy
C)Therapeutic community
D)Faith-based rehabilitation

Question 27

The fact that prisons have inmates locked within their walls, are under constant scrutiny, and are forced to obey rules refers to the concept of:​

A)a total institution.
B)the secure jail.
C)a complete secure policy.
D)the total penitentiary.

Question 28

Female correctional officers often find that an assignment to a male institution can boost their career.

Question 29

​Research has shown that inmates involved in ____________ do better following release than those in comparison groups.

A)group treatment
B)anger management
C)faith-based programs
D)prison enterprise programs

Question 30

Releasees who maintain criminal peer associations are more likely to fail on parole.

Question 31

The first prison treatment programs were drug treatment programs.

Question 32

What is one commonly used method for treating drug-dependent inmates in today's prisons

A)Solitary confinement
B)Therapeutic communities
C)Work furloughs
D)Milieu therapy

Question 33

What is the most common outcome for children when a single mother is sent to prison

A)They are temporarily sent to a foster home or state facility.
B)They are permanently removed from her custody and put up for adoption.
C)They are placed in the care of a relative or family friend.
D)They are housed in a prison nursery.

Question 34

What was the predominant societal view of female inmates at the turn of the twentieth century

A)Depraved people who flaunted conventional rules of female behavior.
B)Hardened criminals similar to their male counterparts.
C)Sinners in need of religion.
D)Witches who should be burned at the stake.

Question 35

The first prison treatment programs in the United States were:​

A)religious.
B)therapeutic.
C)psychological.
D)education.

Question 36

Incarceration reduces an individual's annual earnings by 40 percent, taking a heavy economic toll.

Question 37

What is the most typical emotion felt by most inmates during the early part of their prison stay

A)Anger​
B)Depression
C)Hate
D)Defeat

Question 38

Which is false regarding the sexual exploitation of female inmates

A)The acts are usually perpetrated by male members of the prison staff.
B)The acts usually go unreported.
C)Most of the acts are consensual due to isolation and loneliness.
D)The majority of states have passed laws criminalizing staff sexual misconduct.

Question 39

About 75 percent of released prisoners are arrested for a new crime within 3 years.

Question 40

What is the best estimate of the rate of HIV infection among state and federal prison inmates

A)2 percent​
B)5 percent
C)10 percent
D)25 percent

Question 41

Which factors have been linked to recidivism

A)A history of physical and sexual abuse
B)Maintenance of criminal peer association
C)Harboring of aggressive feelings
D)All of the above have been linked to recidivism.

Question 42

Which is not believed to be a reason that people fail on parole

A)Parolees are released into the same environment that contributed to their deviant behavior in the first place.
B)Personal deficits that led to an offender's imprisonment are not addressed by institutionalization.
C)The prison experience itself focuses more on punitive efforts than rehabilitation.
D)The parole system places unrealistic expectations on ex-offenders that they cannot possibly meet.

Question 43

In recent years, the view of correctional officers has changed to the one where they:​

A)have the most dangerous job in the United States.
B)are seen as ruthless and individuals that enjoy their power.
C)are viewed as public servants.
D)are social workers.

Question 44

Courts have ruled that inmates are entitled to have legal materials and resources available to assist them in filing complaints, which includes:​

A)a trained and bar-certified lawyer employed by prison/jail.
B)law students who are willing to donate their time to assist inmates.
C)a law professor from a local school who is paid to assist inmates.
D)an inmate who can assist in legal matters, sometime called a jailhouse lawyer.

Question 45

Withholding medical treatment is a violation of the ____ Constitutional Amendment.​

A)First
B)Fourth
C)Eighth
D)Fourteenth

Question 46

Which is not a common form of inmate vocational program in use today

A)Work release
B)Private prison enterprise
C)Furlough programs
D)Convict-leasing

Question 47

Which is false about the effectiveness of parole

A)More than half of incarcerated offenders return to prison shortly after their release.
B)Rearrest of offenders is most common in the first 6 months after release.
C)Sixty percent of parolees return to prison within 3 years of their release.
D)The failure rate of parolees has dramatically decreased over the past 10 years.

Question 48

Which case forced the Corrections Department to upgrade prison medical facilities

A)Procunier v. Martinez
B)Nolan v. Fitzpatrick
C)Newman v. Alabama
D)Bounds v. Smith

Question 49

Ben is an identity thief. His scam is really easy: he has a skimmer that he puts on the credit card reader at the gas station. When unsuspecting patrons pay for their gasoline, Ben gets a copy of their credit card number. Ben has just bought a Mercedes Benz under one of his unsuspecting victim's names. When the dealer does the credit check, they find that there is an alert for potential stolen identity. Ben is arrested, charged, convicted, and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
In addition to Ben's sports betting practice, he has a job in the captain's office helping crunch numbers and budgets. What does Ben accomplish by working in the captain's office

A)Vocational training will help Ben at his parole hearing.
B)This is the concept of a furlough.
C)He is working toward his degree in accounting.
D)Correctional administration needs to keep inmates busy.

Question 50

Ben is an identity thief. His scam is really easy: he has a skimmer that he puts on the credit card reader at the gas station. When unsuspecting patrons pay for their gasoline, Ben gets a copy of their credit card number. Ben has just bought a Mercedes Benz under one of his unsuspecting victim's names. When the dealer does the credit check, they find that there is an alert for potential stolen identity. Ben is arrested, charged, convicted, and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
Getting used to prison hasn't been easy for Ben. He is a homosexual and was in a committed relationship on the outside, and now he misses his partner. Even though he is in an all-male institution, he has never been assaulted or victimized, even though there are a lot of male relationships. What is the most likely reason that Ben hasn't been propositioned by other inmates

A)Ben's partner comes to visit and others know he is "off limits."​
B)Ben has been prisonized.
C)Ben ignores the inmate social code.
D)Ben is true to himself.

Question 51

According to the ____ theory, collective violence may also be caused by prison mismanagement, lack of strong security, and inadequate control of prison officials.​

A)administrative control
B)administrative balance
C)inmate administrative
D)inmate balance

Question 52

Which is not a right that is lost by convicted felons

A)The right to remain married (divorce can be granted to the spouse)
B)The right to hold public office
C)Parental rights
D)Medical rights

Question 53

Which theory of collective inmate violence attributes the problem to abrupt crackdowns or changes in inmate freedoms that are implemented by prison administrators

A)The administrative control theory
B)The responsibility theory
C)The inmate balance theory
D)The hands-off doctrine

Question 54

Ben is an identity thief. His scam is really easy: he has a skimmer that he puts on the credit card reader at the gas station. When unsuspecting patrons pay for their gasoline, Ben gets a copy of their credit card number. Ben has just bought a Mercedes Benz under one of his unsuspecting victim's names. When the dealer does the credit check, they find that there is an alert for potential stolen identity. Ben is arrested, charged, convicted, and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
Ben has a beef with one of the other inmates. He hasn't paid his gambling debt and keeps betting on other games. Ben is growing tired of dealing with the inmate but he is trying not to lose his head. Why won't he go ahead and get his money at any cost

A)Ben is not a violent criminal.
B)Ben is a low man in the prison hierarchy.
C)There is an inmate social code.
D)The importation model.

Question 55

The "hands-off doctrine" refers to:​

A)the inmate code for handling prison snitches.
B)the passive federal court approach to inmate complaints prior to the 1960s.
C)a correctional policy of segregating HIV-infected inmates from the mainstream population.
D)the court ruling that forbid the use of corporal punishment in prison.

Question 56

Ben is an identity thief. His scam is really easy: he has a skimmer that he puts on the credit card reader at the gas station. When unsuspecting patrons pay for their gasoline, Ben gets a copy of their credit card number. Ben has just bought a Mercedes Benz under one of his unsuspecting victim's names. When the dealer does the credit check, they find that there is an alert for potential stolen identity. Ben is arrested, charged, convicted, and sentenced to 10 years in prison.
As an identity thief who is good with numbers and money, Ben makes friends inside prison pretty quickly. He runs a sports betting ring that both correctional officers and inmates are part of and Ben gives pointers to some of the younger guys. Which best aligns with how Ben is able to carry himself on the inside

A)Ben's experience is a total institution.
B)Ben is teaching classes in prison.
C)Ben is part of the criminal university.
D)Ben has adapted to being classified.

Question 57

In adapting to a female institution, a common practice is:​

A)resorting to extreme violence and victimization.
B)marrying other inmates while in the employ of the state department of corrections.
C)becoming a snitch for the correctional officers.
D)self-mutilation or carving.

Question 58

In which 1994 case did the court rule that prison officials are legally liable if, knowing that an inmate faces a serious risk of harm, they disregard that risk by failing to take measures to avoid or reduce it

A)Cooper v. Pate
B)Shaw v. Murphy
C)Estelle v. Gamble
D)Farmer v. Brennan

Question 59

Which is not a factor contributing to individual violence in prison

A)History of prior violence​
B)Age
C)Psychological factors
D)Prison mismanagement

Question 60

What was the most widely used device or legislation to bring prisoners' complaints before state and federal courts in the late 1960s

A)The Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment
B)The dictates of the Percy Amendment
C)The National Corrections Act of 1965
D)The Federal Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. 1983

Question 61

​The two distinct theories regarding the cause of collective violence are the inmate balance theory and the ____________________ theory.

Question 62

In _______________, the inmate is released when the unserved portion of the maximum prison term equals his or her earned good time (minus time served in jail awaiting trial).

Question 63

Helping inmates obtain jobs after release is an example of a ____________________ program.

Question 64

Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was mostly well behaved; he worked in the captain's office and got an accounting degree inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn't want to see him and his parents won't let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a criminal.
Which increases an individual's chances of successful reentry

A)Family support
B)Employment assistance
C)Substance abuse treatment
D)All of the above increase one's chances of successful reentry

Question 65

Jill has two children and stays at home with them. She got into trouble when she hurt her back and got addicted to the pain pills her doctor prescribed. When she couldn't get any more pills, she went searching the streets for something else to take the pain away. She would leave her kids with her mom and disappear for days while getting addicted to heroin. Jill just got through the classification process at the women's correctional facility and has found out that she is pregnant with twins.
Jill, her new cellmate, and the other women in the prison get regular medical checkups and in Jill's case, she gets additional appointments with the doctors because she is pregnant. They see a counselor and the administration is attempting to address the counseling and programming needs of all inmates. What is the main reason that there is such an effort to do this for people who committed crimes

A)As a population, they are the most in need of these services.
B)Inmates are protected from cruel and unusual punishment.
C)Inmates have a right to adequate medical care.
D)Seeing doctors is included in their Fourth Amendment rights.

Question 66

Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was mostly well behaved; he worked in the captain's office and got an accounting degree inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn't want to see him and his parents won't let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a criminal.
Gary has signed up to take the Certified Public Accounting (CPA) exam. He was sure that getting a college degree in prison would make him marketable and he would be able to get a good job upon leaving prison. He hasn't had a successful experience thus far and has just found out that he is not allowed to take the CPA exam. What is the main reason for Gary having so much trouble on the outside

A)His college degree earned in prison is not the same as a free person's college degree.
B)His family is not supportive.
C)Gary is barred from being employed in a financial field.
D)Prison locks people into the lowest rung of society.

Question 67

Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was mostly well behaved; he worked in the captain's office and got an accounting degree inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn't want to see him and his parents won't let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a criminal.
Gary feels like an outsider. He can't seem to get a job despite his college degree and everyone looks at him as if he is going to steal from them. He is not a criminal and is tired of being treated like one. He is just about ready to commit another crime so he can go back to his friends on the inside. Which of the following is not one of the reasons why this feeling is common among parolees

A)They can't find a job.
B)He doesn't have a place to live and his psychologist can't help him.
C)Prison rarely addresses the psychological and economic needs of offenders.
D)Restorative justice programs.

Question 68

Jill has two children and stays at home with them. She got into trouble when she hurt her back and got addicted to the pain pills her doctor prescribed. When she couldn't get any more pills, she went searching the streets for something else to take the pain away. She would leave her kids with her mom and disappear for days while getting addicted to heroin. Jill just got through the classification process at the women's correctional facility and has found out that she is pregnant with twins.
​Jill's new cellmate is mean and angry. She seems to have had a rough life, grew up in an abusive home, and turned to drugs to escape her situation. At one time, she even turned to prostitution to support her drug habit and has a long list of medical issues. What is most significant about Jill's cellmate and her situation

A)She is not amenable to treatment because of her anger.
B)She is the typical female inmate.
C)She will be a problem for the prison management.
D)Jill is scared that she will be a victim of violence.

Question 69

If prison administrators believe that correspondence between inmates undermines prison security, the ____________________ Amendment rights of inmates can be curtailed.

Question 70

Jill has two children and stays at home with them. She got into trouble when she hurt her back and got addicted to the pain pills her doctor prescribed. When she couldn't get any more pills, she went searching the streets for something else to take the pain away. She would leave her kids with her mom and disappear for days while getting addicted to heroin. Jill just got through the classification process at the women's correctional facility and has found out that she is pregnant with twins.
Jill has adapted to prison quite well. She is seen as gentle on the cell block and sometimes worries about the babies she is carrying. She is protected and cared for and usually stays out of trouble and altercations with the other inmates. What is the likely reason Jill has adapted to prison so well

A)She is on a special cell block for pregnant women.
B)She found that she can get high inside prison.
C)She and her cellmate have become lovers.
D)She has joined a make-believe family.

Question 71

____________________ uses smaller caseloads and closer surveillance and is a form of parole reserved for more serious offenders.

Question 72

​The first treatment programs in prison were ____________________.

Question 73

Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was mostly well behaved; he worked in the captain's office and got an accounting degree inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn't want to see him and his parents won't let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a criminal.
Which is not an element of the inmate social code

A)Don't interfere with inmates' interests.
B)Exploit inmates for your own gain.
C)Don't lose your head.
D)Be tough.

Question 74

Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was mostly well behaved; he worked in the captain's office and got an accounting degree inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn't want to see him and his parents won't let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a criminal.
More than half of all-male inmates are held in ______ institutions.​

A)minimum-security​
B)medium-security
C)maximum-security
D)super maximum-security

Question 75

Jill has two children and stays at home with them. She got into trouble when she hurt her back and got addicted to the pain pills her doctor prescribed. When she couldn't get any more pills, she went searching the streets for something else to take the pain away. She would leave her kids with her mom and disappear for days while getting addicted to heroin. Jill just got through the classification process at the women's correctional facility and has found out that she is pregnant with twins.
Jill isn't supposed to be friends with the correctional officers, but it turns out that one of the correctional officers that maintains security on the cell block went to high school with Jill. They even dated the same guy years ago. What is the major problem with Jill and the correctional officer being friends

A)The duality of the correctional officer's role.
B)Jill will likely turn on her correctional officer friend someday to exploit her.
C)The other inmates on Jill's cell block are jealous.
D)Jill will be moved to a special wing to give birth.

Question 76

While some inmates violate the code and exploit their peers, the ____________________ is someone who uses the inmate social code as his personal behavior guide.​

Question 77

Clemmer coined the term "____________________ process" to refer to an inmate's adjustment to prison life.

Question 78

Given its designed segregation and surveillance, the modern prison is a model ____________________.

Question 79

Gary has just been granted parole. He served 7 of his 10 year sentence because he was mostly well behaved; he worked in the captain's office and got an accounting degree inside prison. When he is released, his partner doesn't want to see him and his parents won't let him stay with them until he gets a job and proves that he is no longer a criminal.
Which is false regarding correctional officers

A)Correctional officers have minimal impact on a prisoner's ability to adjust to prison life.
B)Prison guards historically were viewed as ruthless individuals who enjoyed their power over inmates.
C)A significant problem of correctional officers is that facilities are underfunded.
D)Crowded prisons create stress and impair job performance for correctional officers.

Question 80

Female inmates often form groups called ____________________ to cope with prison life.