Deck 1: Crime and Criminal Justice

Question 1

An ethical issue that has received recent attention is that of sexual violence by correctional officers against inmates.​

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Decriminalization of marijuana would most likely be advocated by those having a perspective of equal justice.​

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The crime control perspective views the justice system as a means of caring for and treating people who cannot manage themselves.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), there are about 500 justified fatal police shootings each year. This number is an increase from 5 years ago.

Question 5

The police department was created in the United States; the first formed in Philadelphia after the Civil War.​

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between criminal justice and the media

A)The media routinely features stories exposing brutal cops and violent prisons.
B)Most criminal defendants receive a lengthy trial by jury in media representations of cases.
C)The media leads many individuals to false impressions and unrealized expectations about criminal justice.
D)All of the above statements are true regarding the relationship between criminal justice and the media.

Question 7

There has been a substantial decline in the crime rate, yet more than 11 million individuals are still arrested annually.

Question 8

Federal funding accounts for most of all direct justice system spending.

Question 9

Police officers can arrest someone if they have a "gut feeling" that the person is guilty of a criminal offense.

Question 10

In a probable cause hearing, the defendant and his or her attorney may appear and dispute the prosecutor's charges​.

Question 11

Use of discretion at all levels of the criminal justice system is one way in which ethical considerations arise.

Question 12

Crime is higher today than it was in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Question 13

The issue of ethics is becoming less important in the criminal justice system, due to an increasing number of checks and balances.​

Question 14

Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer (Level 4) of the criminal justice system wedding cake.

Question 15

The Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) continues to provide grants to local and state justice agencies to fund criminal justice activities.​

Question 16

Most criminal cases are processed through the entire formal justice system.

Question 17

A courtroom work group is made up of a prosecutor and defense attorney and helps to streamline the process of justice through the extensive use of deal making and plea bargaining.

Question 18

Of the components in the Criminal Justice System, usually the correctional component comes before the other two components.

Question 19

The contemporary criminal justice system is society's instrument of formal social control.

Question 20

Noninterventionists support the placement of first-time offenders who commit minor crimes into informal community-based treatment programs.

Question 21

Criminal justice can be viewed as a process that takes an offender through a series of decision points, beginning with arrest and concluding with reentry. Which of the following is an extralegal factor that critics argue may be involved in this process

A)Offender's race
B)Offender's prior record
C)Seriousness of offense
D)Available evidence

Question 22

Which of the following is not a reason for a nolle prosequi-the term used when a prosecutor decides to drop a case after a complaint has been formally made

A)Race of the defendant
B)Insufficient evidence
C)Reluctance of witnesses to testify
D)Police error

Question 23

Discretion by police officers occurs during the first four stages of the criminal justice process. In order, what are those stages

A)Initial contact, arrest, charging, custody
B)Initial contact, investigation, arrest, charging
C)Initial contact, investigation, arrest, custody
D)Initial contact, arrest, investigation, charging

Question 24

For every 1000 serious crimes, about _____ adults are sent to prison.

A)5
B)10
C)20
D)30

Question 25

What is known about the correctional population in the United States

A)The correctional population has been consistently decreasing over the past decade with 5 million people currently under the control of the correctional system.
B)The correctional population currently consists of 7 million people under correctional supervision.
C)The correctional population has fluctuated widely over the past decade with 21 million people currently under the control of the correctional system.
D)The correctional population has decreased dramatically over the past decade and now consists of 2 million people under the control of the correctional system.

Question 26

The contemporary criminal justice system can be divided into three main components:

A)law enforcement, the courts, and the legislature.
B)the courts, the correctional system, and the legislature.
C)law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system.
D)law enforcement, the correctional system, and the legislature.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is true

A)During the nineteenth century, the United States experienced a surge in violent behavior.
B)Organized gangs flourished in the largest cities of the United States in the early 1900s.
C)The first criminal gangs formed before the Civil War in urban slums.
D)All of the statements are true.

Question 28

In the formal criminal justice process, all defendants must go through which stage to ensure proper sentencing/punishment/dismissal/closure

A)Arraignment
B)Criminal trial
C)Grand jury hearing
D)Bail hearing

Question 29

The case of Jared Lee Loughner, who shot Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, is an example of _______ of the "wedding cake" model of justice.​

A)Level I
B)Level II
C)Level III
D)Level IV

Question 30

Which of the following is not required as a legal condition for an arrest

A)Probable cause
B)Deprivation of the individual's freedom
C)Use of handcuffs
D)Belief by the suspect that he or she is in police custody

Question 31

For every 1000 serious crimes, about ____ percent are reported to the police.

A)15
B)35
C)50
D)75

Question 32

If the prosecution can present sufficient evidence, the grand jury will issue a(n) ____, which specifies the exact charges on which the accused must stand trial.

A)true bill of indictment
B)information
C)charging bill
D)nolle prosequi

Question 33

Federal funding makes up ___ percent of the contemporary criminal justice system.

A)10
B)19
C)27
D)38

Question 34

At what stage of the formal criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea of guilty or not guilty

A)Arraignment
B)Criminal trial
C)Preliminary hearing
D)Bail hearing

Question 35

Which of the following stages of the criminal justice process comes earliest in the process

A)Charging
B)Investigation
C)Preliminary hearing
D)Arraignment

Question 36

There are about ____ people employed in local, state, and county law enforcement agencies.

A)350,000
B)500,000
C)1.1 million
D)2 million

Question 37

What percentage of cases proceeds to a criminal trial

A)1 percent
B)10 percent
C)25 percent
D)50 percent

Question 38

The corrections system is vast and costs federal, state, and local governments approximately $_____ billion annually.

A)$75
B)$110
C)$165
D)$264

Question 39

The mean state corrections expenditure per inmate in approximately _______ per year.

A)$12,000
B)$18,000
C)$28,000
D)$40,000

Question 40

What commission, appointed by President Herbert Hoover, made a detailed analysis of the US justice system and helped usher in the era of treatment and rehabilitation

A)Chicago Crime Commission
B)American Bar Foundation Commission
C)Wickersham Commission
D)President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice

Question 41

This justice perspective advocates standardization of rules and regulations within the criminal justice system.​

A)Nonintervention
B)Due process
C)Equal justice
D)Rehabilitation

Question 42

According to this justice perspective, the proper role of the justice system is to prevent crime through the judicious use of criminal sanctions. It demands an efficient system that hands out tough sanctions to those who violate the law.

A)Crime control
B)Rehabilitation
C)Due process
D)Equal justice

Question 43

Shoplifting and public drunkenness would be considered _____ of the criminal justice "wedding cake"

A)Level I
B)Level II
C)Level III
D)Level IV

Question 44

Proponents of this justice perspective believe that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of committing a crime.

A)Crime control
B)Rehabilitation
C)Due process
D)Equal justice

Question 45

Ethical issues transcend all elements of the justice system. Why are ethical standards so important in criminal justice

A)Without ethical decision making, it is possible that individual civil rights and liberties will suffer.
B)Agents of the criminal justice system have access to citizens' most personal information, raising concerns of privacy and confidentiality.
C)Justice system personnel may work in an environment where moral ambiguity is widespread.
D)Ethical standards are important in the justice system for all these reasons.

Question 46

A concern with constitutional rights and privileges is a main focus of which justice perspective

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)Equal justice
D)Rehabilitation

Question 47

Which of the following is false

A)Crime control advocates call for harsh punishment as a deterrent to crime.
B)Crime control advocates do not want legal technicalities to help the guilty go free and tie the hands of justice.
C)Crime control advocates argue the more efficient the system, the greater its effectiveness.
D)Crime control advocates do not question the criminal justice system's ability to rehabilitate offenders.

Question 48

As Jessica recalls her past history of stealing and theft, she realizes that her parents weren't around very much and she doesn't remember regularly attending school. Parents and school represent what aspect when discussing criminal behavior

A)Formal social control
B)Informal social control
C)Legal and immoral control
D)Illegal and moral control

Question 49

Which of the following is false

A)Ethical issues transcend all elements of the criminal justice system.
B)It is often difficult to determine what is fair and just and balance; this concerns with the needs of the public.
C)Ethical issues end with the arrest of a suspect.
D)Ethical behavior is important in law enforcement because officers have the authority to deprive individuals of their liberty.

Question 50

Which of the following crimes would be placed in Level II of the criminal justice "wedding cake"

A)A noted celebrity is arrested for shooting her bodyguard.
B)A violent act committed by a stranger who uses a weapon.
C)An individual is arrested for public drunkenness.
D)A first-time offender assaults a friend.

Question 51

According to this justice perspective, the justice system serves as a mechanism of caring for and treating people who cannot manage themselves. It assumes people are at the mercy of social, economic, and interpersonal conditions.

A)Crime control
B)Rehabilitation
C)Due process
D)Equal justice

Question 52

According to noninterventionists, the efforts to treat offenders may lead to further stigma beyond the scope of the original offense. This is referred to as:

A)deinstitutionalization
B)nolle prosequi
C)victimless crime
D)widening the net of justice

Question 53

If you believe that procedural fairness, civil rights, and the rule of law are inviolate principles, which justice perspective do you favor

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)Equal justice
D)Rehabilitation

Question 54

A case of domestic violence would be considered _____ of the criminal justice "wedding cake"

A)Level I
B)Level II
C)Level III
D)Level IV

Question 55

About ____ percent of misdemeanors are settled without a trial.

A)30
B)50
C)70
D)90

Question 56

Approximately ____ percent of felony cases are settled without a trial.

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80

Question 57

Which justice perspective advocates mediation rather than coercive punishment

A)Rehabilitation
B)Nonintervention
C)Equal justice
D)Restorative justice

Question 58

"Widening the net of justice" is of concern to you if you favor which justice perspective

A)Nonintervention
B)Due process
C)Equal justice
D)Rehabilitation

Question 59

Advocates of this justice perspective argue that the justice system remains an adversarial process that pits the forces of the state against those of a solitary individual accused of a crime.

A)Crime control
B)Due process
C)Nonintervention
D)Rehabilitation

Question 60

Proponents of this justice perspective are concerned about the effect of the stigma that criminal suspects bear when they are given negative labels such as "rapist" or "child molester."

A)Rehabilitation
B)Nonintervention
C)Equal justice
D)Restorative justice

Question 61

The term used in some jurisdictions for a preliminary hearing to show cause to bring a case to trial: ___ hearing.​

Question 62

The charging document filed by the prosecution that forms the basis of the preliminary hearing is referred to as a(n) ____________________.

Question 63

Gathering of evidence occurs in this stage, which follows initial contact, __________.​

Question 64

The first police agency was developed in 1829 in ____________________.

Question 65

The ____________________ is comprised of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other court personnel who function to streamline the process of justice.

Question 66

_________ ______ is management of an individual's behavior by social and institutional forces in society.​

Question 67

Jackson has been arrested for possession of drugs. When he was taken into custody, the officer had just witnessed Jackson taking money from someone and handing them a small bag that looked as if it were drugs. After obtaining that probable cause, the officer searched Jackson's backpack where he found approximately 4 ounces of marijuana packaged in smaller bags for resale. 
At arraignment, Jackson accepts a plea deal that will shorten his sentence in return for naming one of his marijuana dealer. About what percentage of cases every year end in plea bargains instead of a criminal trial

A)60 percent
B)70 percent
C)80 percent
D)90 percent

Question 68

A ___ __ __ is designed to restrict the maximum time after an event that legal proceedings may be initiated.​

Question 69

With Jessica's new charge of home invasion and robbery, she will likely be sentenced to prison time. What component of the system will she serve her sentence in

A)Corrections
B)Institutional supervision
C)Courts
D)Police

Question 70

Patricia, a famous child actor, has been arrested yet again. She has had many brushes with the law but has yet to be sentenced to prison .This time, the arrest was for was stealing but in the end, the charges are reduced after the star agrees to return the stolen goods. She has a team of attorneys on retainer and is always in the spotlight.
With Patricia's retained counsel, the judge was convinced that she had learned her lesson and the challenge of the spotlight led her to her most current crime. This type of scenario is most likely to happen in what level of the criminal justice "wedding cake"

A)Level 1
B)Level 2
C)Level 3
D)Level 4

Question 71

Henry Huggins is a state's attorney who wants to be mayor of Baltimore. He knows that mayors before him have run and won on the "tough on crime" platform. Henry also believes in being tough but fair and knows that he has the winning record both in the courtroom and in politics. He feels that every person deserves a full array of constitutional rights and preserving democratic ideals is paramount over the need to punish the guilty. 
What is the concept called that describes Henry's involvement with the defense attorney, judge, and other courtroom personnel that helps to streamline the process of justice through extensive use of deal making and plea bargaining

A)Safe streets control group
B)Courtroom work group
C)The center work group
D)Cooperative work group

Question 72

The ____________________ is composed of law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system.

Question 73

Henry Huggins is a state's attorney who wants to be mayor of Baltimore. He knows that mayors before him have run and won on the "tough on crime" platform. Henry also believes in being tough but fair and knows that he has the winning record both in the courtroom and in politics. He feels that every person deserves a full array of constitutional rights and preserving democratic ideals is paramount over the need to punish the guilty. 
If Henry believes in democratic ideals and careful scrutiny of decisions made in the justice system,what perspective on justice does Henry take

A)Noninterventionist
B)Crime control
C)Due process
D)Equal justice

Question 74

Patricia, a famous child actor, has been arrested yet again. She has had many brushes with the law but has yet to be sentenced to prison .This time, the arrest was for was stealing but in the end, the charges are reduced after the star agrees to return the stolen goods. She has a team of attorneys on retainer and is always in the spotlight.
When Patricia had her charges reduced in exchange for the return of stolen goods, what agency of crime control did she most likely deal with

A)Police
B)Prosecution and defense
C)Courts
D)Corrections

Question 75

____________________ is the term used to describe the process through which large numbers of cases are systematically filtered out of the formal criminal justice process.

Question 76

When prosecutors decide to take no further action after conducting a preliminary investigation of the legal matters of a case, it is referred to as a(n) ____________________.

Question 77

Jessica was asked to participate in a rehabilitation program that is designed to provide a more successful readjustment to society without theft and robbery. Her participation in this program will occur during what stage of the criminal justice process

A)Sentencing/disposition
B)Prerelease
C)Correctional treatment
D)Post release

Question 78

An ___________________ is the condition that in order to make an arrest in a misdemeanor, the arresting officer must have personally witnessed the crime being committed.

Question 79

Jackson has been arrested for possession of drugs. When he was taken into custody, the officer had just witnessed Jackson taking money from someone and handing them a small bag that looked as if it were drugs. After obtaining that probable cause, the officer searched Jackson's backpack where he found approximately 4 ounces of marijuana packaged in smaller bags for resale. 
Upon searching Jackson's home, the officer found an additional 3 ounces of marijuana packaged for resale. The prosecutor has decided to charge Jackson with possession with intent to distribute. What is the next stage of the criminal justice process after charging

A)Custody
B)Preliminary hearing
C)Arraignment
D)Plea bargaining

Question 80

Jackson has been arrested for possession of drugs. When he was taken into custody, the officer had just witnessed Jackson taking money from someone and handing them a small bag that looked as if it were drugs. After obtaining that probable cause, the officer searched Jackson's backpack where he found approximately 4 ounces of marijuana packaged in smaller bags for resale. 
After arrest, Jackson will be in what stage of the criminal justice process while the officer searches his home for more evidence

A)Initial contact
B)Booking
C)Custody
D)Holding