Deck 15: Juvenile Court Process

Question 1

The U.S.Supreme Court case, _____, upheld the concept of preventive detention for juveniles.

A)In re Gault
B)In re Kemmler
C)Schall v.Martin
D)Miranda v.Arizona

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the purpose of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974?

A)It prohibits the placement of status offenders in secure detention facilities.
B)It mandates that juveniles must have a hearing within 24 hours of placement at a secure detention facility.
C)It mandates that any juvenile placed at a secure detention facility must have an attorney appointed to represent him or her.
D)It provides for the mandatory education and health care of the youth while in the detention facility.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Project Confirm in New York City is one example of an effort to reduce the detention of _____ who have been arrested.

A)Intellectually disabled offenders
B)Foster care youth
C)Status offenders
D)Female offenders

Answer 3

B

Question 4

On average, _____ percent of juvenile cases are waived to adult court by the juvenile court each year.

A)Less than 0.5
B)Approximately 2
C)Approximately 9
D)Approximately 15

Question 5

The typical delinquent detainee is a _____.

A)Male between the ages of 13 and 15, charged with a property crime
B)Female, under the age of 16, who is a runaway
C)Male, over the age of 16, charged with a violent crime
D)Female, over the age of 16, charged with substance abuse

Question 6

The hearing held in juvenile court to determine the merits of the petition claiming that a child is either a delinquent youth or in need of court supervision is referred to as _____.

A)Adjudication
B)Disposition
C)Transfer
D)Review

Question 7

On average, _____ juvenile delinquency cases are adjudicated annually.

A)875,000
B)1 million
C)1.2 million
D)1.7 million

Question 8

Knowledge of a defendant's juvenile record may assist prosecutors and judges in determining appropriate sentencing for offenders ages _____, the age group most likely to be involved in violent crime.

A)18 to 24
B)14 to 18
C)15 to 19
D)20 to 24

Question 9

Waivers are attractive to _____ because they are consistent with the get-tough policy that is currently popular.

A)Conservatives
B)Juvenile judges
C)Prosecutors
D)Liberals

Question 10

Of the states listed below, _____ does NOT offer any provisions for juvenile waivers.

A)Iowa
B)California
C)New York
D)Vermont

Question 11

In a more legalistic juvenile court, almost all jurisdictions require by law that a _____ be present in the juvenile court.

A)Sheriff
B)Court counselor
C)Social worker
D)Prosecutor

Question 12

The _____ gives the juvenile the opportunity to have the case brought before a reviewing court after it has been heard in juvenile or Family Court.

A)Final order
B)Adjudication review committee
C)Writ of habeas corpus
D)Appellate process

Question 13

According to the most recent study of waivers, _____ percent of juveniles tried in adult
Criminal court are actually sent to prison.

A)13
B)27
C)40
D)52

Question 14

A _____ refers to a court appointed individual who protects the interests of the child in cases involving the child's welfare.

A)Court appointed defense attorney
B)Social worker
C)Social attorney
D)Guardian ad litem

Question 15

The juvenile court did not include a prosecutor in its first 60 years of existence because _____.

A)The court followed a social service helping model
B)There was no constitutional right to legal counsel, so a prosecutor was unnecessary
C)The judge acted as the prosecutor
D)The child was always presumed guilty.

Question 16

In _____ the U.S.Supreme Court ruling prevented a juvenile from being tried in two
Courts (adult and juvenile), holding that to do so is a violation of the double jeopardy clause.

A)In re Gault
B)Breed v.Jones
C)Schall v.Martin
D)Miranda v.Arizona

Question 17

The formal complaint that initiates judicial actions against a juvenile charged with
Delinquency or a status offense is called the _____.

A)Complaint
B)Indictment
C)Petition
D)Trial information

Question 18

African American youth make up _____ percent of the juvenile court population.

A)13
B)33
C)45
D)58

Question 19

According to the text, _____ percent of African American youths are waived to adult court.

A)12
B)25
C)38
D)55

Question 20

The typical status offense detainee is a female charged with _____.

A)Curfew violation
B)Indecent exposure
C)Liquor law violation
D)Tobacco law violation

Question 21

In _____, the Court held that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a jury.

A)In re Gault
B)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
C)In re Winship
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 22

Most states refuse juveniles the right to _____ arguing that juvenile proceedings are _____, not criminal.

Question 23

Keeping the accused in custody prior to trial because the accused is suspected of being a danger to the community is referred to as ______.

Question 24

A _____ sentence is defined by a statutory requirement that states the penalty to be set for all cases of a specific offense.

Question 25

In 2007, about nineteen percent of all delinquency cases were _____ at intake.

Question 26

Judges follow the probation department recommendations _____ percent of the time.

A)25
B)60
C)75
D)90

Question 27

Most juvenile experts oppose _____ because it clashes with the rehabilitative ideal.

Question 28

While the traditional notion of rehabilitation and treatment as the proper goals for disposition is being questioned, many juvenile codes no longer require that the court consider the _____.

Question 29

One of the criticisms of the diversion programs is that juveniles who previously would have been released without official notice are now involved in the juvenile justice system.This is referred to as ______.

Question 30

The _____ must ensure that the children and families who come before the court receive the proper assistance.

Question 31

A _____ ends litigation between two parties by determining all their rights and disposing of all the issues.

Question 32

What is the basic philosophy at the disposition hearing?

A)Dispositions should be made in the best interest of the child.
B)Dispositions should use retribution as the determination of the sentence.
C)Under the doctrine of parens patriae, the parent should choose the ultimate disposition.
D)Dispositions should only look at the evidence presented at the adjudication hearing.

Question 33

_____ afforded juveniles the right to counsel.

A)In re Gault
B)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
C)In re Winship
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 34

In _____, the U.S.Supreme Court held that the death penalty for juveniles was unconstitutional.

A)Graham v.Florida
B)In re Gault
C)Atkins v.Virginia
D)Roper v.Simmons

Question 35

_____ refers to the hearing held in juvenile court to determine the "sentence" of the juvenile.

A)Adjudication
B)Disposition
C)Transfer
D)Review

Question 36

Due process is addressed in the Fifth and _____ Amendments to the U.S.Constitution.

A)Fourteenth
B)Second
C)Eighth
D)Fourth

Question 37

Many decisions about what happens to a youth may occur prior to _____.

Question 38

_____ mandated that juveniles have a right to notice of the allegations made against them.

A)In re Gault
B)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
C)Graham v.Florida
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 39

The type of sentence that specifies a fixed term of detention that must be served is referred to as a/an _____ sentence.

A)Indeterminate
B)Mandatory
C)Determinate
D)Individualized

Question 40

The amount of proof required in a juvenile delinquency adjudication is beyond a reasonable doubt was the holding of the court in _____.

A)In re Gault
B)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
C)In re Winship
D)Kent v.U.S.

Question 41

Juveniles are detained in approximately 22% of delinquency cases.

Question 42

A _____ is a judicial order requesting that a person detaining another produce the body of the prisoner and give reasons for his or her capture and detention.

Question 43

Some states allow a juvenile adjudication for a criminal act to be used as evidence in an adult criminal proceeding for the same act to show _____.

Question 44

Discuss the decision to detain.Explain your views on detention.

Question 45

In some jurisdictions juvenile court judges handle family-related cases exclusively.

Question 46

List the duties of the juvenile court judge.Explain why it is difficult to attract well-trained individuals for juvenile courts in limited or specialized jurisdiction?

Question 47

Public schools can gain access to juvenile records.

Question 48

In _____, the U.S.Supreme Court put an end to the practice of life sentences without the possibility of parole of juveniles convicted of non-homicide crimes in _____.

Question 49

Juveniles do not have a constitutional right to counsel.

Question 50

In _____ the Court held that any injury resulting from the disclosure of a juvenile's record is outweighed by the right to completely cross-examine an adverse witness.

Question 51

Studies have found that many transferred juveniles were not violent offenders but repeat property offenders.

Question 52

Youths who are diagnosed with a psychological disorder may be required to undergo therapy at a local mental health clinic; this disposition is considered to be a commitment to a residential community program.

Question 53

Discuss why detention is increasing.Do you agree with the authors' speculation regarding "correction of biases"? Explain why or why not?

Question 54

Discuss the roles of the juvenile defense attorney.

Question 55

_____ enables youths to live in a more homelike setting while the courts dispose of their cases.

Question 56

At the end of the adjudication hearing, most juvenile court statues require the judge to make a factual finding on the legal issues and evidence.

Question 57

All states consider 18 to be the age of release from juvenile correctional facilities.

Question 58

Recent studies found that the mental competency of youths under the age of 16 to stand trial is about the same as similarly charged adults.

Question 59

Discuss bail for youth.Do you agree or disagree with bail for juveniles, why or why not?

Question 60

A low percentage of juvenile offenders enter guilty pleas.

Question 61

Discuss diversion in regard to juveniles.Explain whether you disagree or agree with the use of diversion for juveniles.

Question 62

Discuss the importance of the Gault case.Do you agree or disagree with the Courts ruling? Explain your view.

Question 63

Discuss blended sentences.Explain your view on blended sentences.

Question 64

Discuss the current trends in regard to the privacy of juvenile records.Do you think that juvenile records should be available to the public? Explain why or why not.

Question 65

A number of common dispositions for juveniles were indicated in the text.List and discuss five of the common juvenile dispositions you believe to be most effective.