Deck 5: Early Christianity: a World Religion

Question 1

Jesus has been referred to as "Christ" because he

A) multiplied the loaves and fishes.
B) made the dead rise.
C) was the anointed one.
D) successfully endured temptation by the Devil.
E) healed the sick.

Answer 1

was the anointed one.

Question 2

According to the author of the textbook,Jesus

A) denied the need for Jews to follow the Mosaic Law.
B) called for overthrow of the Sadducees' control of the Temple.
C) believed that strict obedience to the rules of the Mosaic Law was less important than ethical considerations.
D) insisted on strict obedience to the Mosaic Law.
E) agreed with the Zealots that Jews must not pay taxes to the Romans.

Answer 2

believed that strict obedience to the rules of the Mosaic Law was less important than ethical considerations.

Question 3

Which of the following Jewish sects demanded that the Jews neither pay taxes to Rome nor acknowledge the Roman emperor?

A) Sadducees
B) Pharisees
C) Zealots
D) Essenes
E) Rabbis

Answer 3

Zealots

Question 4

Christian philosophers who aimed to integrate parts of the Greco-Roman heritage into their religion

A) saw Christ as the incarnation of the Logos or divine reason.
B) claimed that Zeus was a prophet.
C) rejected Platonic philosophy.
D) saw Socrates as a prefiguration of Christ.
E) claimed that Greek philosophy had nothing to do with God's truth.

Question 5

The term Gentiles derives from the

A) Latin word for nation.
B) Hebrew word for other.
C) Greek word for followers.
D) Aramaic word for heretics.
E) English word for foreigners.

Question 6

Who issued the Edict of Milan?

A) Diocletian
B) Constantine
C) Valerian
D) Decius
E) Alexius

Question 7

The Pharisees differed from the Sadducees by

A) their religiously conservative position on the Torah.
B) following "the Teacher of Righteousness."
C) their withdrawal from the world.
D) their expectation of the Messiah's imminent arrival.
E) having a more liberal interpretation of the Torah and an acceptance of oral tradition.

Question 8

The Roman procurator that sentenced Jesus to death was

A) Trajan.
B) Pontius Pilate.
C) Marcus Aurelius.
D) Claudius.
E) Herod.

Question 9

Around the time of Jesus

A) Gentiles in the Near East reviled the Jews.
B) some Gentiles endorsed Hebrew monotheism but did not strictly follow the Mosaic Law.
C) the Pharisees were leading a drive to convert Gentiles.
D) nearly all Jews rejected Greek culture.
E) the Essenes refused to pay taxes to the Romans.

Question 10

The Essenes

A) were willing to work with Roman governors.
B) refused to pay taxes to the Roman Emperor.
C) denied the Trinity.
D) claimed descent from the priest Sadok.
E) were followers of the "Teacher of Righteousness."

Question 11

Of the following,which group developed a monastic-like community near the Dead Sea?

A) Descendants of Sadok
B) Sadducees
C) Zealots
D) Essenes
E) Pharisees

Question 12

Paul and the Apostles found receptive listeners from

A) Gentiles and non Palestinian Jews.
B) Mongolian Huns.
C) Germanic tribes in Gaul.
D) Zealots.
E) Jewish leaders

Question 13

Which Roman emperor made Christianity the official religion of Rome?

A) Marcus Aurelius
B) Diocletian
C) Septimius Severus
D) Theodosius I
E) Nerva

Question 14

In the view of Saint Paul

A) Jesus' teachings were primarily for the Jews.
B) the Christian community was an oikoumene.
C) Mosaic Law could never be superseded.
D) Hebraic rituals should be followed, at least by those who were Jews.
E) circumcision and dietary regulations must be followed by all who accept Christ.

Question 15

During the first century,the idea of a Messiah involved

A) one who must die for sins of mankind to be forgiven.
B) a leader of charismatic proportions, but not necessarily one chosen by God.
C) someone who would lead the entire world to a utopian era.
D) someone who would govern with justice.
E) someone who will come riding on a white horse.

Question 16

Following the adoption of Christianity as the state religion of Rome

A) religious tolerance reigned.
B) persecution of pagans began.
C) pagans were given special protections.
D) Jews reacted with violence.
E) mystery religions were revived.

Question 17

What accounts for the appeal of early Christianity?

A) Roman law that forbade all foreign gods.
B) The era of Diocletian
C) The appeal of a personal relationship between the individual and god.
D) It was especially attractive to the middle classes.
E) The evolution of the pope.

Question 18

Saint Paul

A) had little facility with the Greek language.
B) was parochial rather than cosmopolitan in outlook.
C) was revered as the first hermit.
D) was responsible for the dogmatic break of Christianity with Judaism.
E) preached only to the Jews in the Diaspora.

Question 19

As a consequence of the Edict of Milan

A) the Romans attacked the Manichaeans.
B) Roman religious conformity was strictly enforced.
C) Romans crushed the Christian religion.
D) Roman officials were ordered to seek out and destroy mystery religions.
E) Christianity was recognized in the Roman Empire.

Question 20

One may correctly say of the Sadducees that they

A) claimed to be descendants of Sadok.
B) rejected the Torah.
C) expected reward or punishment in an afterlife.
D) were considered radicals in their day.
E) were the followers of the "Teacher of Righteousness."

Question 21

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Diaspora

Question 22

Which Christian church father made the following statement: "What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem?"

A) Augustine
B) Tertullian
C) Ambrose
D) Jerome
E) Patrick

Question 23

​Saint Augustine believed that the highest good was

A) ​supporting the civil needs of the community.
B) ​fulfilling our potential on Earth.
C) ​not of this world, but eternal life.
D) ​depended upon individuals ability to live a moral life.
E) ​serving others in ease the pain of the suffering.

Question 24

The early Christian view of women was rooted in the patriarchal tradition of ____ society.

A) Roman
B) Jewish
C) Greek
D) German
E) Syrian

Question 25

It is generally recognized that the synoptic Gospels

A) contain very different parables.
B) focus on the apocalypse.
C) are clever forgeries.
D) treat Jesus' life in a similar manner.
E) focus on the end times.

Question 26

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Petra

Question 27

Arius taught that

A) Christ was the reincarnation of Abraham.
B) members of the Trinity were equal.
C) the Father alone was fully divine.
D) Jesus was sent by the Demiurge to deceive mankind.
E) Jesus is God.

Question 28

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Dead Sea Scrolls

Question 29

Which of the following translated the Old and New Testament from Hebrew and Greek into Latin?

A) Jerome
B) Ambrose
C) Augustine
D) Pachomus
E) Patrick

Question 30

The sack of Rome was the occasion for

A) the pope's flight to North Africa.
B) the writing of The City of God.
C) concessions to those believing in Gnosticism.
D) rethinking the hierarchy of the Roman Church.
E) the writing of the Confessions of Saint Augustine.

Question 31

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Synoptic Gospels

Question 32

Which of the following is not accurate?

A) Christianity inherited the Hebrew view that God is both lawgiver and judge.
B) All Christians rejected Greek philosophy as erroneous.
C) The Greek conception of God was different from the conception of God held by Christianity and the Hebrews.
D) The Greeks held that God was a logical abstraction, a principle of order, and a prime mover.
E) The Greeks approached God through the intellect, not the heart.

Question 33

The New Testament includes each of the following except

A) twenty-one Epistles.
B) the Gospel written by Saint John.
C) The City of God.
D) the Acts of the Apostles.
E) the synoptic gospels.

Question 34

The earliest surviving Christian writing(s)is/are

A) the synoptic gospels.
B) Acts of the Apostles.
C) Saint Paul's Epistles.
D) Revelation.
E) the gospel of Saint John.

Question 35

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Torah

Question 36

What was the basis for the Bishop of Rome's claims to superior authority in Christendom?

A) The fact that Rome was the capital of the Roman Empire
B) The existence of the catacombs in Rome
C) Jesus' statement that his followers should "give unto Caesar what is Caesar's"
D) Jesus' statement to the disciple Peter that "you are Peter and on this rock I shall build my church"
E) The fact that Rome is where Paul was crucified.

Question 37

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Twelve Disciples

Question 38

____ urged clerics not to pursue wealth but to practice humility and avoid favoring the rich over the poor.

A) Origen
B) Jerome
C) Ambrose
D) Philo
E) Augustine

Question 39

Saint Ambrose was renowned for each of the following except

A) his status as bishop of Milan.
B) defending church authority versus the state.
C) expressing concern for the poor and oppressed.
D) his dictum that "the emperor is within the church, not above it."
E) reminding the clergy that the rich should be courted since they would buttress church power.

Question 40

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Teacher of Righteousness

Question 41

Describe the Jewish society into which Jesus was born.

Question 42

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Arius

Question 43

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Essenes

Question 44

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Saint Augustine

Question 45

Was it possible for Romans to believe that the outlook of Christians and the Romans was compatible? What problem could Christian teaching pose for the Roman state? Explain.

Question 46

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Zealots

Question 47

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Koine

Question 48

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Messiah

Question 49

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

On the map of Europe,locate each of the following and note what the site may be associated with: Milan,where Ambrose was bishop; Hippo,where Augustine was bishop; Bethlehem,where Jerome retired to pray and study; and Rome,where Peter was martyred.

Question 50

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Paul

Question 51

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Saint Benedict

Question 52

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Mosaic Law

Question 53

Please use this outline map of Europe to answer the question(s).

On the map of Europe,trace the missionary activities of Paul of Tarsus.

Question 54

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Logos

Question 55

Who was Paul of Tarsus and how did he create Christianity as a universal religion? How did his social position facilitate this transformation?

Question 56

Explain ways in which the Jewish community might have been able to accept Jesus as a prophet.

Question 57

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Edict of Milan

Question 58

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Pharisees

Question 59

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Sadducees

Question 60

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Theodosius

Question 61

The creation of Christian monasticism is most associated with ​​

A) ​Saint Benedict​
B) ​Saint Ambrose​
C) ​Saint Augustine​
D) ​Saint Jerome​
E) ​Saint Peter​

Question 62

Explain why persecutions erupted against the Christians.Did the persecutors achieve their goals?

Question 63

​While persecution of Christians did occur,explain how the Roman Empire actually encouraged the spread of Christianity?

Question 64

Christianity and Stoicism shared similar concerns except​

A) ​brotherhood of man
B) ​suppressing wild passions
C) ​expressing concern for others
D) ​listening to our inner conscience
E) ​the primacy of reason

Question 65

Early Christian theologians stated about Judaism all of the following except​

A) ​the blood of Christ is upon all generations
B) ​children of the Devil
C) ​murders, criminals, and impure
D) ​that the Christian ethic of love did not extend to Jews
E) ​belonged as slaves to righteous

Question 66

​The person most responsible for Christianity's spreading to Gentiles is

A) ​Paul
B) ​Jesus
C) ​Pontius Pilate​
D) ​Peter
E) ​Alexander

Question 67

​How is Christianity an outgrowth of Judaism? Cite religious and historical evidence to explain the connection between the two religions.

Question 68

​The Council of Nicaea settled what dispute

A) ​the primacy of the Bishop of Rome
B) ​Arianism
C) ​the possibility of the conversion of gentiles
D) ​Zorastrianism
E) ​monasticism

Question 69

​How did Christianity reject classical humanism? What elements did Christianity retain?

Question 70

In order to study Jesus,modern historians rely on

A) ​Roman historians accounts of his teaching
B) ​Jewish records of his life
C) ​Jesus' own writings from the first century A.D.
D) ​the New Testament
E) ​writing of his followers written during Jesus' life

Question 71

​In the first century BC,Palestinian Jews consisted of four principal sects including all except

A) ​Sadducees
B) ​Pharisees
C) ​Syranees
D) ​Essenes
E) ​Zealots

Question 72

How did Christianity develop an anti-Judaism despite their strong historical,theological,and cultural similarities?​

Question 73

​Initially,the Roman Empire assisted in the spread of Christianity because

A) ​Hebrew was a common dialect throughout the empire
B) ​Romans were eager to replace traditional Greek philosophy with a new religion
C) ​Christian missionaries safely traveled via Roman roads and boats
D) ​the immediate persecution made people feel sorry for Christian martyrs​
E) ​oppressed citizens in the empire were eager for a way to reject Roman rule

Question 74

Jewish scribes and priest viewed Jesus as​

A) ​a potential ally against Roman tyranny
B) ​a threat to Roman rule
C) ​a valuable prophet
D) ​the creator of a new dangerous religion
E) ​a troublemaker that challenged Jewish traditions

Question 75

Explain the significance of two of the following as Church fathers: Saint Jerome,Saint Ambrose,and Saint Augustine.

Question 76

The writer of the book City of God was​

A) ​St Augustine
B) ​St Benedict
C) ​St Ambrose
D) ​St Jerome
E) ​St Francis

Question 77

The Rule of Saint Benedict called monks to do all of the following except​

A) ​pray often
B) ​talk little
C) ​work hard
D) ​convert pagans
E) ​surrender private property

Question 78

Discuss the impact of the message of Augustine to the Christian community.

Question 79

Some Romans viewed Christians as disloyal for all of these reasons except​

A) they were foreigners​
B) ​they refused to engage in sacrifices to Roman Gods​
C) ​their scorning of Gladiatorial contests and public baths​
D) ​they glorified non-violence​
E) ​they attacked state gods