Deck 12: The Industrial Revolution: the Transformation of Society

Question 1

In the era before the emergence of mills then factories and international economics,wealth lay

A) the iron industry.
B) textile manufacturing.
C) the world of finance.
D) landed wealth.
E) the coal industry.

Answer 1

landed wealth.

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT describe why the artisans of the industrial revolutionary era were the most successful of the laboring classes?

A) Their skills were difficult to learn.
B) Early machines were unable to duplicate their work.
C) In most cases they were educated and literate.
D) Guilds and unions provided them with political protection.
E) Socially they came from a stable background.

Answer 2

Guilds and unions provided them with political protection.

Question 3

As industrial cities developed

A) social bonds from the countryside provided new arrivals with a safety net.
B) writers referred to them as inhumane.
C) English humanitarianism resulted in taxes often being designated to improve the standard of living of the poor.
D) there was distress, largely because cities had never before developed without planning.
E) the old division of society into clergy, nobility, and commoners remained.

Answer 3

writers referred to them as inhumane.

Question 4

Which of the following was the most rapidly growing social group by the mid-nineteenth century?

A) Servants
B) Artisans
C) Factory workers
D) Rural laborers
E) The middle class

Question 5

The early efforts of workers to unionize resulted in

A) public support.
B) acceptance by factories rather than face strikes
C) workers turned to militant union actions.
D) laws protecting mine workers.
E) the downfall of laissez faire mentality.

Question 6

Where did the earliest inventions in the cotton industry appear?

A) Belgium
B) Holland
C) France
D) Britain
E) Italy

Question 7

With the development of the open-hearth process

A) the use of coal was practical.
B) iron became cheap.
C) iron was produced instead of steel.
D) the use of coal was practical and iron was produced instead of steel.
E) steel became cheap.

Question 8

According to the text,all of the following contributed to the development of an industrial revolution in Britain except

A) large and easily developed supplies of coal and iron.
B) the enclosure movement providing factories with a labor pool.
C) a river transportation system supplemented by canals and toll roads.
D) relative decentralization of European governments' power.
E) availability of cheap labor.

Question 9

Which of the following inventions made it more efficient to bring many workers together,rather than sending work out to individuals in their own homes?

A) The cotton gin
B) The flying shuttle
C) The water frame spinning machine
D) The spinning mule
E) The steam engine

Question 10

All of the following are true of the working class in the nineteenth century except that

A) they usually arrived in the city from agricultural areas.
B) they moved to the city without their families.
C) they worked for long hours, sometimes fifteen a day.
D) working and living conditions were terrible.
E) their labor barely contributed to industrialization.

Question 11

How did the move to urban areas and factory work affect those workers who had moved from villages?

A) They were exposed to better education.
B) Urban laws created healthier living conditions than living in the farm environment.
C) Laws protected workers from factory owner exploitation.
D) They lost the social connections attributed to small village life and environment.
E) Factory wages, although low, afforded them more material wealth.

Question 12

Milltowns grew up where machines could be powered by

A) solar energy.
B) wind energy.
C) thermal energy.
D) oil.
E) water.

Question 13

The term immoral was used by urban writers of the time to describe

A) the enclosure acts.
B) child labor.
C) the lack of the middle class in the British parliament.
D) England's industrial cities.
E) the destruction of the noble class in British society.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Belgium was one of the last states to industrialize.
B) German industrialization began early.
C) Britain, in the eighteenth century, jumped ahead in the production of cotton.
D) Germans realized quite soon that they were blessed with tremendous natural resources.
E) France was the leading industrial nation in the eighteenth century.

Question 15

Which of the following inventions introduced flexibility in the location of factories?

A) railroads
B) Hydro-electric power plants
C) water frame spinning
D) The steam engine
E) Wind energy

Question 16

Each of the following refers to aspects of the Industrial Revolution except

A) creation of successful labor unions.
B) new forms of power, particularly steam, replaced animal strength and human muscle.
C) better ways of obtaining and using raw materials.
D) a new way of organizing production and workers.
E) technology moved from triumph to triumph with a momentum unprecedented in human history.

Question 17

Important to the British industrialism was the ability to finance ventures which came from which sources of capital?

A) Military victories brought in the spoils of defeated nations.
B) High taxes increased the ability of the government to subsidize economic ventures.
C) A growing domestic market fed industries and businessmen with capital.
D) Rich landowners were forced to sell part of their land to industrial developers.
E) A treasury which had a large surplus.

Question 18

Which of the following accurately describes the impact of the steam engine?

A) It was impractical for mining.
B) It required very skilled workers for its operation.
C) It facilitated the shift to child labor and women's labor.
D) It required more human participation in the manufacturing process.
E) It required only male labor.

Question 19

As commerce and industry developed,which of the following does NOT correctly describe the middle class?

A) Bourgeois politicians shared more power with the landed aristocracy.
B) Rich bourgeois made it a point not to emulate aristocratic manners and pleasures.
C) Industrial wealth gave the middle class greater influence in all aspects of society.
D) Like the aristocratic and proletariat classes, the bourgeois class had many internal levels
E) The virtues of work, thrift, and ambitions were landmark characteristics of the middle class bourgeois.

Question 20

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the evolution of industrialism in Europe?

A) Britain possessed important and developed natural resources to begin the process to industrialism.
B) Invasion of Austria into France destroyed emerging industrialism.
C) Germany lacked the revenue to develop industrialism.
D) Italy concentrated its economy on foreign trade.
E) Americans provided Europe with sufficient manufactured goods, therefore discouraging industrial growth.

Question 21

Temperance may be best associated with

A) an attack on gin drinking.
B) criticism of wife abuse.
C) psychological study of the criminal mind.
D) the call for moderation in political attacks on opponents.
E) an attack on cigarette smoking.

Question 22

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
John Kay

Question 23

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
People's Charter

Question 24

One of the first sources of social reform was the​

A) People's Charter.
B) support of the church.
C) Municipal Corporations Act.
D) enclosure acts
E) The Combinations Acts.

Question 25

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Thomas Malthus

Question 26

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Robert Owen

Question 27

Fearing potentially a revolutionary situation,____ attempted to defuse discontent in cities and among workers by encouraging the passage of the Reform Bill of 1832

A) the House of Commons.
B) King William IV
C) the House of Lords.
D) Feargus O'Conner
E) Thomas Malthus

Question 28

All of the following are true of Britain in the nineteenth century except

A) it was a constitutional monarchy with many limits on the powers of the king and state.
B) it was a truly democratic state.
C) landed aristocrats dominated both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
D) the middle class and working class slowly gained the right to vote.
E) many towns continued to be governed by corrupt groups.

Question 29

The Factory Act of 1847 stipulated that

A) a worker who is injured on the job has to be compensated.
B) boys under eighteen and women could not work for more than ten hours in a day in factories.
C) adult males cannot work for more than ten hours a day.
D) mining companies could not engage women as workers.
E) women could not work in factories.

Question 30

An early utopian reformer who preached the opportunity to create a new society was

A) Saint-Simon.
B) Karl Marx.
C) Frederick Engels.
D) Lenin.
E) Robert Owen.

Question 31

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
David Ricardo

Question 32

Who established the "iron law of wages?"

A) David Ricardo
B) Thomas Malthus
C) Richard Owen
D) Jeremy Bentham
E) Charles Fourier

Question 33

The Chartist reform movement in England fought for all of the following except

A) universal manhood suffrage.
B) bi-annual meetings for members of parliament.
C) the secret ballot.
D) abolition of property qualifications for members of parliament.
E) annual meetings of parliament.

Question 34

As the impact of the Industrial Revolution grew,one may say that

A) the middle class of Western Europe gained political power by the early eighteenth century.
B) landed power in Western Europe was quickly displaced.
C) by the end of the nineteenth century, the bourgeois politicians shared power with the aristocracy in Western Europe.
D) in Eastern Europe, the archaic aristocracy was very quickly displaced by the emerging bourgeoisie.
E) peasants shared power with the aristocracy.

Question 35

Problems faced by English unionists included each of the following except

A) strikes were rarely successful and were often suppressed by force.
B) workers could not embark on strike action to back their demand until after 1875.
C) unions made some headway in protecting their members from unemployment and dangerous working conditions.
D) many workers believed that the only hope for their class lay in unified action through trade unions.
E) their organization was illegal until 1862.

Question 36

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Chartists

Question 37

Britain was able to avoid revolution because it

A) took a militaristic stand against worker violence.
B) made violence appear to be an attack on nationalism.
C) it made unions legal.
D) created worker committees.
E) became a symbol of reform rather than revolution.

Question 38

Increasingly,for workers Sunday became associated with

A) every other day because they worked 7 days a week.
B) religious reformers that swarmed into the slums.
C) drinking, games, and gossip.
D) church as it remained a religious day.
E) money because it was payday.

Question 39

Generally speaking,the relationship between the wealthy bourgeoisie and the European nobility in the later nineteenth century was characterized by

A) great hostility.
B) bourgeois rejection of noble values.
C) bourgeois politicians holding the lowest offices in much of Western Europe as compared to the aristocracy.
D) nobles striving to imitate the bourgeoisie.
E) the wealthy bourgeoisie tended to imitate the aristocracy.

Question 40

All of the following are true of nineteenth-century miners except

A) they labored under the hazards of cave-ins.
B) sometimes miners faced explosions and deadly gas fumes.
C) life under the mines was dark, cold, wet, and tenuous.
D) miners toiled their lives away in "the pits."
E) mine owners improved working conditions.

Question 41

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Richard Arkwright

Question 42

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
The Municipal Corporations Act (1835)

Question 43

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Edmund Cartwright

Question 44

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
spinning jenny

Question 45

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
The Education Act of 1870

Question 46

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Samuel Crompton

Question 47

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Laissez faire

Question 48

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
The Factory Act (1847)

Question 49

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
The Combination Acts (1799−1800)

Question 50

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Utopian scientists

Question 51

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Manchester

Question 52

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Fourier

Question 53

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
The Reform Bill of 1832

Question 54

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
artisans

Question 55

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Phalansteries

Question 56

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
William Siemens

Question 57

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
The Public Health Act (1848)

Question 58

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
James Watt

Question 59

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
James Hargreaves

Question 60

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
urbanization

Question 61

​The first railroad in England connected

A) ​Manchester and Liverpool​
B) ​London and Birmingham​
C) ​Liverpool and London​
D) ​Plymouth and Manchester​
E) ​Birmingham and Manchester

Question 62

Explain why Britain pioneered the Industrial Revolution.

Question 63

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
holy Mondays

Question 64

Which statement does not match with the work of Charles Fourier?​

A) ​He believed that monogamy was a distortion of their sexual needs.
B) ​He believed that marriage limited people from community support.
C) ​He organized people into phalansteries.
D) ​He established the utopian community of New Harmony.
E) ​He viewed society as the origin of human misery.

Question 65

​The man responsible for the process of converting pig iron into steel removing the impurities was_______

A) ​William Siemens
B) ​Samuel Crompton
C) ​Henry Bessemer
D) ​John Kay
E) ​James Watt

Question 66

The Combination Acts made​

A) ​unions illegal.​
B) ​child labor legal.​
C) ​factory hours dependent on municipal laws.​
D) ​education mandatory.​
E) ​women's pay equal.

Question 67

Choose either the textile or the iron industry,and explain the nature of major developments influencing the Industrial Revolution in that field.

Question 68

What are the significant societal effects that occurred due to the Industrial Revolution?

Question 69

What were the changes in social structure initiated by the Industrial Revolution? How did this affect the power structure of European states in the nineteenth century?

Question 70

Please define the following key terms. Show Who? What? Where? When? Why Important?
Feargus O'Connor

Question 71

​All the following were early Socialists except

A) ​Karl Marx
B) ​Henry Comte de Saint-Simon
C) ​Charles Fourier
D) ​Robert Owen
E) ​Thomas Malthus

Question 72

​The Chartist reform movement was lead by

A) ​The House of Commons.
B) ​King William IV.
C) ​Feargus O'Connor.
D) ​Thomas Malthus.
E) ​Robert Owen.

Question 73

​The term "holy Monday" referred to the

A) ​high level of absenteeism due to heavy drinking on Sunday.​
B) ​creation of bank holidays for the wealthy bourgeois.​
C) ​increase of food in soup kitchens after Sunday donations.​
D) ​practice of paydays falling on Monday.​
E) ​rise of Catholicism immigrants to London.

Question 74

​By the end of the 19th Century,industrialization

A) ​had reduced the culture gulf between rich and poor.
B) ​triumphed over the ideals of the French Revolution.
C) ​prevented social mobility.
D) ​widened the gap between the west and the rest of the world.
E) ​declined in importance.

Question 75

Thomas Malthus blamed the rising poverty on​

A) ​the factory owners.
B) ​the House of Commons.
C) ​immorality.
D) ​population.
E) ​pollution.

Question 76

​Which statement is LEAST true of the newly industrial cities?

A) ​The cities populations grew rapidly.
B) ​Cities developed significant problems with sanitation and lighting due to lack of planning.
C) ​Pollution became a significant problem.
D) ​Child and infant mortality rates reached as high as 26 out of every 100.
E) ​Local governments attempted to regulate their growth.

Question 77

Discuss how the classes of this era changed and affected society?

Question 78

What could newcomers to the working class experience as they came to the city? If life was so difficult in the cities,why did workers continue to go there?