Deck 4: Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Question 1

Social structure,including status and role,provides a guide for everyday living.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

People usually have more statuses than roles.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

People create reality through their social interaction.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Having "street smarts" really amounts to the ability to make daily events unfold in the way that you want them to.

Question 5

Only a few statuses that we hold figure into our social identity.

Question 6

A father who wants to be both a friend and a role model to his son might experience role strain.

Question 7

The process by which people disengage from important social roles is termed "role exit."

Question 8

"Role conflict" refers to the conflict or incompatibility among the roles linked to two or more statuses.

Question 9

The Thomas theorem states that situations defined as real are real in their consequences.

Question 10

Typically,each status is linked to several roles.

Question 11

A person's racial or ethnic identity is an ascribed status.

Question 12

The idea that reality is socially constructed means that,to most people,nothing seems real at all.

Question 13

Being a professional baseball player is mostly an achieved status.

Question 14

A "role set" refers to all the roles a person has over the course of a lifetime.

Question 15

A status set refers to the roles people have over the course of their lifetimes.

Question 16

The term "master status" refers to being the best in one's occupational field.

Question 17

Having a terminal illness may operate as a master status because people can react to the disease as much as they do to the person.

Question 18

The global map in thisCHAPTER of the text shows that,in general,when a nation's income level is low,the share of housework for women increases.

Question 19

Sociologists use "status" to mean someone's importance.

Question 20

"Role strain" refers to differences between the same roles when performed by two different people.

Question 21

A person's efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others is called the "presentation of self."

Question 22

People with less power typically have greater personal discretion in terms of how they act in the presence of others.

Question 23

Because men typically have more power in daily interactions than women,they are more likely to intrude on the personal space of women.

Question 24

People around the world create the same realities in their everyday interactions.

Question 25

Employers rarely concern themselves with the emotions of employees.

Question 26

Emotions have both a biological and cultural foundation.

Question 27

In everyday conversation,men tend to maintain more eye contact than women.

Question 28

The reality people build in their interaction depends only on the actors themselves,not on the larger culture in which they live.

Question 29

In dramaturgical analysis,an examination room in a doctor's office is called a "back region."

Question 30

In general,how much power someone possesses has little to do with that person's claims regarding personal space.

Question 31

Ethnomethodology is the study of how people present themselves to others.

Question 32

If a comedian cites few differences between conventional and unconventional social definitions of reality,then people will perceive a greater potential for humor.

Question 33

Nonverbal communication is communication using body movements,gestures,and facial expressions instead of speech.

Question 34

Ending words with "ette" and "ess" denotes femininity,which generally reduces the value of something.

Question 35

Erving Goffman is the sociologist who developed the approach known as dramaturgical analysis.

Question 36

According to dramaturgical analysis,a role operates like a part in a play and a status serves as a script.

Question 37

Dramaturgical analysis treats embarrassment as "losing face."

Question 38

There are specific gestures that indicate when a person is lying or otherwise engaging in deception.

Question 39

Because emotions are biologically based,it is incorrect to say they are "socially constructed."

Question 40

Tact is so common because embarrassment causes discomfort for both the presenter and members of the audience.

Question 41

Which item in the following list might serve as a master status?

A)occupation
B)physical or mental disability
C)gender
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 42

Sociologists use what concept to refer to behavior that people expect from someone who holds a particular status?

A)role
B)master status
C)status set
D)role set

Question 43

At any given time you hold a number of statuses.These statuses make up your

A)master status.
B)role set.
C)achieved statuses.
D)status set.

Question 44

Despite the fact that the world's people live in different cultures,humor "travels well" because it is a universal element of human culture.

Question 45

Deborah Tannen claims that women and men communicate similarly.

Question 46

Which of the following concepts defines a social position that a person holds?

A)role
B)status
C)role set
D)presentation of self

Question 47

Harold and Sybil get lost while driving to another couple's home in an unfamiliar area.Sybil wants Harold to stop and ask for directions,but he will not.This story illustrates the pattern that

A)social interaction is actually random for the most part.
B)men and women may have disagreements about who should drive.
C)men avoid asking for directions because they want to keep a sense of control.
D)men are more interested in connectedness than women are.

Question 48

The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called

A)social connectedness.
B)social construction.
C)social dynamics.
D)social interaction.

Question 49

Shawna is an excellent artist,but as a mother she feels that she cannot work and devote enough time to her family.She is experiencing

A)role conflict.
B)role strain.
C)role ambiguity.
D)role exit.

Question 50

What concept refers to a social position that is received at birth or involuntarily assumed later in life?

A)passive role
B)master status
C)ascribed status
D)achieved status

Question 51

People sometimes use jokes to "put down" others,which is a basic form of social conflict.

Question 52

What is the concept that refers to the conflict among roles corresponding to two or more statuses?

A)role conflict
B)role strain
C)role set
D)role exit

Question 53

Which concept refers to the tension among roles connected to a single status?

A)role conflict
B)role strain
C)role ambiguity
D)role exit

Question 54

Which of the following is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional objectivity as a physician?

A)role conflict
B)role strain
C)role ambiguity
D)role exit

Question 55

A role set refers to

A)all the roles found in a society.
B)a number of roles attached to a single status.
C)all the roles that are similar in function.
D)a number of roles within any particular organization.

Question 56

Which of the following is involved when a plant supervisor wants to be a good friend and confidante to the workers,but must remain distant in order to rate the workers' performances?

A)role conflict
B)role strain
C)role ambiguity
D)role exit

Question 57

Which concept refers to a status that has special importance for social identity,often shaping a person's entire life?

A)social status
B)master status
C)ascribed status
D)achieved status

Question 58

Akbar is an honor student.In sociological terms,being an honor student is an example of which of the following?

A)role conflict
B)master status
C)ascribed status
D)achieved status

Question 59

Which concept refers to a social position that is assumed voluntarily and that reflects a significant measure of personal ability and effort?

A)active role
B)master status
C)ascribed status
D)achieved status

Question 60

Julie is a police officer who finds that wherever she goes in her small town,people seem to think of her as a "cop." Julie is experiencing the effects of which of the following?

A)role exit
B)master status
C)ascribed status
D)status conflict

Question 61

The Thomas theorem states that

A)a role is as a role does.
B)people rise to their level of incompetence.
C)situations defined as real are real in their consequences.
D)people know the world only through their language.

Question 62

What term does the text use for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?

A)role rejection
B)role reversal
C)role loss
D)role exit

Question 63

Flirting is a playful way of seeing if someone is interested in you without risking outright rejection.From this point of view,flirting illustrates

A)the Thomas theorem.
B)the process of role exit.
C)the social construction of reality.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 64

According to Erving Goffman,people usually make efforts to _____ their intentions.

A)idealize
B)reveal
C)hide
D)contradict

Question 65

The power relationship between a physician and patient is immediately evident when the patient enters the doctor's office because

A)it is up to patients to decide when they will see the doctor.
B)the physician is there to greet the patient.
C)patients must wait until a "gatekeeper" admits them to see the doctor in the office's "back region."
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 66

Which concept is used to designate the process by which people creatively shape reality as they interact?

A)status interaction
B)social construction of reality
C)interactive reality
D)role reality

Question 67

According to Erving Goffman,we engage in a _____ when we use costumes,props,tone of voice,and gestures to convey information to others.

A)role
B)performance
C)status
D)self

Question 68

Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis?

A)George Herbert Mead
B)Harold Garfinkel
C)Erving Goffman
D)W.I.Thomas

Question 69

In the United States,people stand farther away from one another when they are talking than two people would in a Middle Eastern nation.This pattern reveals differences in meaning attached to

A)personal hygiene.
B)personal space.
C)facial gestures.
D)the rights of women compared to men.

Question 70

What does the term "presentation of self" mean?

A)efforts to create impressions in the minds of others
B)being very self-conscious
C)interaction that is highly formal
D)trying to take attention away from others

Question 71

Which of the following likely plays a part in the reality we construct through social interaction?

A)social class background
B)the country we live in
C)our ethnicity
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 72

The careful observer can notice clues indicating that someone is telling a lie.People give off these clues because

A)our culture defines specific gestures to convey dishonesty.
B)nonverbal communication is hard for most people to control.
C)few people ever intend to lie.
D)research shows that most criminals really want to be caught.

Question 73

Garfinkel's research,an approach called ethnomethodology,involves

A)studying the way people make sense of their everyday surroundings.
B)tracking people's roles over the life course.
C)the study of interaction in terms of theatrical performance.
D)studying unfamiliar cultural systems.

Question 74

The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as

A)ethnomethodology.
B)dramaturgical analysis.
C)the Thomas theorem.
D)the social construction of reality.

Question 75

"Personal space" refers to

A)owned property,such as a house or land.
B)unowned space in a public place.
C)the surrounding area over which an individual makes some claim to privacy.
D)a feeling of needing isolation from others.

Question 76

Which of the following is an important element of nonverbal communication?

A)hand gestures
B)eye contact
C)body language
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 77

Nonverbal communication refers to

A)body movements,gestures,and facial expressions.
B)instant messaging and other e-communication.
C)written language.
D)beliefs assumed to be true by everyone.

Question 78

Which of the following might be part of the classroom performance of a professor?

A)books and notes
B)lectern or desk
C)acting in charge of the situation
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 79

Research suggests that

A)men "read" women better than women "read" men.
B)women "read" men better than men "read" women.
C)neither sex is any better at "reading" the other.
D)both sexes can "read" behavior of own sex better than the other sex.

Question 80

Rebuilding relationships with people who knew you in an earlier period of life is a common experience for those who are undergoing which of the following?

A)role conflict
B)role strain
C)role ambiguity
D)role exit