Deck 2: The Critical Approach

Question 1

Which of the following is (are)a political site(s)?

A)The Coca-Cola Company
B)Greenpeace
C)Fellowship Church
D)All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Blake has decided that to truly address the problems in his organization,he (and other organization members)must understand and address communication issues in and around the organization,because he believes communication actually creates (not simply reflects)the realities in which we live.This approach is referred to as:

A)Historical materialism
B)Logical positivism
C)Pragmatism
D)Social constructionism

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The ideology of work/life balance,as promoted by corporations,can create discursive closure by:

A)Highlighting the importance of work
B)Equating life with family
C)Making individuals responsible for the balance
D)All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following modes of ownership and production did Marx not consider exploitative?

A)Ancient
B)Feudal
C)Tribal
D)All of the above

Question 5

According to cultural studies,people with more _____________ have greater influence over the meaning construction process and are better able to get others to share in their view of the world.

A)Cultural capital
B)Economic resources
C)Social trust
D)Political clout

Question 6

McDonaldization,the term used to describe the proliferation of prepackaged,instant,easily consumable products and lifestyles,would be associated most closely with which of the following concepts?

A)The cultural studies' systems of representation
B)The Frankfurt School's culture industry
C)Marx's economic determinism
D)None of the above

Question 7

Important Frankfurt School members included all of the following,except:

A)Max Horkheimer
B)Rudolf Carnap
C)Theodor Adorno
D)Walter Benjamin

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of what Karl Marx identified as surplus value?

A)A worker increases her rate of production but does not get a corresponding raise in pay.
B)A person works a second job because he has additional time in the evenings.
C)A company is owned by the workers who share equally in any profits the company makes.
D)An auto mechanic uses his skills in his free time to help his neighbor fix his car.

Question 9

According to the communicative construction of organization approach,which of the following forms of communication is (are)able to shape organizational members' behavior in significant ways?

A)Annual report
B)Organizational mission statement
C)One-on-one conversation
D)All of the above

Question 10

According to the critical perspective,organizations are:

A)Entities constructed by powerful capitalists in order to increase wealth
B)Political sites in which competing interests are equally represented
C)Institutions that are key in the development of our identities
D)Sites in which ethics are generally irrelevant

Question 11

Which of the following rejected the distinction between high and low culture?

A)Cultural Studies
B)The Frankfurt School
C)Karl Marx
D)None of the above

Question 12

Frankfurt School members were most concerned about the growing dominance of which type of reasoning?

A)Emotional
B)Instrumental
C)Progressive
D)Reflective

Question 13

According to the Frankfurt School,the culture industry affects consumerism through advertising by:

A)Arguing that all needs are capable of fulfillment
B)Never leaving the customer alone
C)Predetermining needs
D)All of the above

Question 14

Frankfurt School members were interested in all of the following,except:

A)Examining the course that modernist,Enlightenment thought was taking in the 20th century
B)Fostering of social change
C)Examining the nature of knowledge itself
D)Uncovering immutable truths

Question 15

The $1 billion Facebook paid to acquire Instagram in 2012 was based on Instagram's:

A)Common value
B)Exchange value
C)Surplus value
D)Use value

Question 16

Which of the following criteria is (are)important for ethical communication?

A)Communication focuses on recognizing one common organizational reality.
B)Communication promotes agreement amongst different organizational stakeholders.
C)Communication promotes individual and relational growth amongst organization members.
D)All of the above

Question 17

Nintendogs is a Nintendo game in which you take care of,train,and bond with an adorable (virtual)puppy.The availability of everything,including virtual puppy ownership,to be bought and sold is a property of capitalism called:

A)Commodification
B)Corporatization
C)Hegemony
D)Materialism

Question 18

The term used to describe a great deal of neo-Marxist theory and research based on the ideas of the Frankfurt School is:

A)Critical theory
B)Economic determinism
C)Semiotics
D)Social constructionism

Question 19

Which of the following envisioned popular culture as something that was administered from above as an instrument of social control?

A)Cultural Studies
B)The Frankfurt School
C)Karl Marx
D)All of the above

Question 20

Culture jamming,the practice of using corporate advertising against the corporations by reworking the meaning of the advertisement,is understood best from which of the following schools of critical theory?

A)Cultural studies
B)Frankfurt School
C)Karl Marx
D)None of the above

Question 21

_______________ is a system of attitudes,beliefs,ideas,perceptions,and values that structure reality.

Question 22

Marx's theory of _______________________ analyzes history according to different modes of production.

Question 23

The work of _________________ is a common thread that runs through all the variations of the critical approach.

Question 24

Typology is the scientific study of systems of representation that focuses on the relationship,and difference,between one sign and other signs in the same system.

Question 25

According to the Frankfurt School,how we see reality depends on the ideas of those who control the means of production.In other words,the ruling material force in society is the ruling intellectual force.

Question 26

Discursive closure extends the ways in which people can think,feel,experience,speak,and act in their organizations.

Question 27

A group maintains _________________ when it is able to create a worldview that other people and groups actively support,even though that worldview may not be in their interests.

Question 28

In organizational decision making,the choice of one set of ethics over another is most often based on its ethical superiority.

Question 29

The idea that the nature of society is causally determined by its economic foundation is called _____________________.

Question 30

Researchers in the ______________________ tradition take popular culture as a serious object of study,examining the complex ways in which it structures social reality.

Question 31

According to cultural studies,popular culture,which includes phenomena such as movies based on comic books or the music of Brittney Spears,is a source of serious objects of study.

Question 32

Members of the Frankfurt School were interested in what they termed the _______________________ : the mass production of popular culture,administered from above,that creates needs in people that they would not otherwise have.

Question 33

According to all three schools of thought (Marx,Frankfurt School,and cultural studies),there is always and inevitably resistance to capitalist control.

Question 34

According to Marx,capitalism would naturally evolve into socialism.

Question 35

The approach that explores the ways in which economics,culture,and politics interact to create social reality is called Marxism.

Question 36

The spread of corporate ideologies and discourses to every aspect of our lives,including who we are as human beings has been labeled _________________________.

Question 37

In the system of _______________,workers are "expropriated";because they do not own the means of production,they must sell their labor power in order to survive.

Question 38

The source of profit for the capitalism is the difference between the value of the labor power as purchased and the action value produced by the laborer,which Marx refers to as ___________________.

Question 39

For the most part,organizations do not exercise power coercively but engage in unobtrusive control.

Question 40

A Sandals resort vacation is an example of how the "culture industry" operates to rationalize a product or experience.