Deck 14: The Gathering Tempest, 1853-1860

Question 1

The winner of the 1856 presidential election was

A)Millard Fillmore.
B)James Buchanan.
C)Stephen Douglas.
D)Franklin Pierce.
E)Abraham Lincoln.

Answer 1

James Buchanan.

Question 2

The leading advocate for southern rights in the dispute over Kansas was

A)Stephen Douglas.
B)David Atchison.
C)Franklin B.Pierce.
D)Jefferson Davis.
E)Abraham Lincoln.

Answer 2

David Atchison.

Question 3

The final act that destroyed the Whigs as a national political party was the

A)passage of the Missouri Compromise.
B)passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
C)passage of the Compromise of 1850.
D)passage of the Lecompton Constitution.
E)the Fugitive Slave Act.

Answer 3

passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Question 4

The destruction of the Whig Party led to the formation of the

A)liberal Democrats.
B)Liberty Party.
C)Republican Party.
D)Free Soil Party.
E)the Socialist Party.

Question 5

Which political party endorsed the ideas of "free labor"?

A)American Party
B)Democratic Party
C)Socialist Party
D)Liberty Party
E)Republican Party

Question 6

At the core of free-labor ideology was the belief that

A)social mobility awaited those industrious laborers who worked hard and efficiently.
B)laborers who worked for free earned merits and future promotion from employers.
C)independent yeoman farmers formed the backbone of society.
D)commerce bred greed and selfishness and should be avoided.
E)all industries should be publicly owned.

Question 7

The major issue for the Know-Nothing Party was

A)abolition of slavery.
B)development of business.
C)nativism.
D)women's rights.
E)westward expansion.

Question 8

____ asserted that southern slaves enjoyed a higher standard of living than northern laborers.

A)Hinton R.Helper
B)George Fitzhugh
C)William Seward
D)James D.B.De Bow
E)James Buchanan

Question 9

The Dred Scott decision of the U.S.Supreme Court involved a slave who

A)had been taken to live in Kansas.
B)was suing for his freedom because his master had taken him into free territory.
C)sued for his wife's freedom on the grounds that she had been married to a free black.
D)had been freed by his master and who challenged the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
E)wished to exercise his right to vote.

Question 10

One of the problems of the southern economy on the eve of the Civil War was

A)lack of productivity in the agricultural sector.
B)over-reliance on industrial growth.
C)a developing commercial attitude.
D)the decline of the cotton industry.
E)a lack of diversification

Question 11

Who of the following would have argued that "freedom is not possible without slavery"?

A)Stephen Douglas
B)John C.Calhoun
C)James Buchanan
D)Henry Clay
E)Nathaniel Hawthorne

Question 12

The Kansas-Nebraska Act

A)divided the Nebraska Territory into two territories.
B)repealed the Missouri Compromise.
C)represented the interests of the southern faction of the Democratic Party.
D)was supported by Stephen Douglas.
E)all of these choices

Question 13

Most northerners left the Know-Nothings and became Republicans because of

A)the slavery issue.
B)the immigration issue.
C)the temperance issue.
D)economic concerns.
E)concern for public education.

Question 14

One feature of industry pioneered by the United States was

A)production of prestige products by skilled artisans.
B)mass production of interchangeable parts.
C)production of railroads and locomotives.
D)arms and ammunition.
E)a unionized labor force.

Question 15

The great enemy of a free-labor society was

A)commerce.
B)slavery.
C)agriculture.
D)merchants.
E)the government.

Question 16

Under the Missouri Compromise

A)slavery would be excluded in the new territory of Nebraska.
B)the issue of slavery would be determined by the territorial legislature in Nebraska.
C)slavery in Nebraska was not affected.
D)Nebraska's residents would decide whether to permit slavery.
E)slavery was not excluded from any territory in the west.

Question 17

The subject of Charles Sumner's speech that led to his beating on the floor of Congress was

A)the hanging of John Brown.
B)the Dred Scott Decision.
C)the Compromise of 1850
D)the Fugitive Slave Act
E)"Bleeding Kansas."

Question 18

Most immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s were

A)Irish,Catholic,and unskilled laborers.
B)British,Protestant,and skilled workers.
C)German,Protestant,and unskilled laborers.
D)Italian,Catholic,and skilled workers.
E)Russian,Jewish,and unskilled workers.

Question 19

Most immigrants between 1800 and 1830 were

A)Irish,Catholic,and unskilled laborers.
B)British,Protestant,and skilled workers.
C)German,Protestant,and unskilled laborers.
D)Italian,Catholic,and skilled workers.
E)Russian,Jewish,and unskilled workers.

Question 20

Most immigrants in the 1850s joined the

A)Know-Nothing Party.
B)Republican Party.
C)Liberty Party.
D)Democratic Party.
E)Socialist Party.

Question 21

As a result of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,

A)the state of Illinois passed legislation making slavery a punishment for crime.
B)Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the U.S.Senate.
C)Abraham Lincoln was almost kicked out of the Republican Party.
D)both Lincoln and Douglas were defeated by Know-Nothing candidate Nathaniel Banks.
E)the Kansas-Nebraska Act was repealed.

Question 22

James Buchanan won all of the following states in 1856 except

A)Maryland.
B)California.
C)Pennsylvania.
D)New Jersey.
E)Illinois.

Question 23

The violence in "Bleeding Kansas" involved clashes between

A)white settlers and American Indians.
B)blacks and whites.
C)proslavery and antislavery groups.
D)residents of Nebraska who invaded Kansas and the settlers there.
E)Mexican invaders and the settlers of Kansas.

Question 24

Advocates of the free labor ideology viewed labor strikes as

A)dangerous,subversive plots.
B)unfortunate misunderstandings that could be solved by prayer.
C)evidence of the increased influence of foreign immigrants.
D)justification for forming a new political party.
E)positive events that helped free workers improve their working conditions.

Question 25

The most important crop in the south was

A)indigo.
B)tobacco.
C)rice.
D)wheat.
E)cotton.

Question 26

In the Dred Scott Decision,the Supreme Court argued all of the following except

A)blacks were not citizens.
B)Dred Scott had no right to petition the Court.
C)slavery was a state issue not a federal issue.
D)restricting slavery was unconstitutional.
E)the Supreme Court did not have jurisdiction in the case.

Question 27

In the mid-nineteenth-century American system of education,

A)most lower-class students worked as apprentices and did not attend school.
B)ninety-five percent of white southerners and 20 percent of the slaves could read and write.
C)was stronger in the North than in the South.
D)most public school teachers were men.
E)literacy was more common in the United States than in Europe.

Question 28

The central issue in the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 was

A)the transcontinental railroad.
B)secession.
C)slavery.
D)states' rights.
E)westward expansion.

Question 29

In the "Freeport Doctrine,"

A)the Supreme Court ruled that residence in Freeport,Illinois,did not automatically free runaways.
B)Stephen Douglas suggested that the territories could maintain popular sovereignty by refusing to protect slavery there.
C)Abraham Lincoln agreed that there was no means of preventing the extension of slavery.
D)Stephen Douglas insisted that slavery was legal in all the free states and territories.
E)slaves who escaped to the North were declared free.

Question 30

The southern economy was "colonial" in that

A)foreign investors owned over 50 percent of the land in the South.
B)southern financial institutions loaned money to European colonial powers.
C)it depended upon exportation of agricultural goods and importation of manufactured products.
D)it employed slaves.
E)it exported no products.

Question 31

Defenders of slavery claimed all of the following except

A)elderly slaves were freed when they became unable to work.
B)slaves never had to worry about losing their jobs.
C)slaves received free medical care.
D)in general,slaves were better off than white wage earners in the North.
E)slaves did not have to worry about having their wages cut.

Question 32

Members of the Order,which eventually evolved into the Know-Nothings,supported all of the following except

A)temperance.
B)restricting public office to native born men.
C)lengthening the naturalization period before immigrants could become citizens.
D)keeping their Order secret.
E)tax support for parochial schools.

Question 33

The Panic of 1857

A)caused bloody riots in which dozens of people were killed.
B)increased hostility between northerners and southerners who disagreed over the tariff issue.
C)lasted longer than any other nineteenth-century depression.
D)caused millions of workers to join labor unions.
E)all of these choices

Question 34

In The Impending Crisis of the South,Hinton Rowan Helper

A)described southern society as bustling,prosperous,and progressive.
B)blamed South Carolina for the violence in "Bleeding Kansas."
C)said that slavery caused economic retardation,illiteracy,and poverty in the South.
D)defended the states' rights position on secession.
E)insisted that slavery must expand to al of the territories.

Question 35

The result of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry was

A)northern anger at his actions.
B)northern abandonment of the Republican Party.
C)slave unrest in the South.
D)dramatic growth for the northern Democratic Party.
E)outrage and fear throughout the South.

Question 36

Members of the Know-Nothing Party were all of the following except

A)American-born Protestants.
B)middle-aged and elderly professional men.
C)supporters of the temperance movement.
D)advocates of legislation increasing the naturalization period.
E)pledged to maintain secrecy about their order.

Question 37

In the Kansas territorial election of 1855,

A)approximately five thousand Missourians illegally voted.
B)a free-soil legislature was elected.
C)women were allowed to vote.
D)slavery was abolished in the area.
E)blacks were allowed to vote.

Question 38

John Brown was noted for all of the following except

A)killing unarmed proslavery farmers in the civil war in "Bleeding Kansas."
B)attempting to incite a slave rebellion in Virginia.
C)coining the phrase "the irrepressible conflict" to explain the coming of the Civil War.
D)dying as a "martyr to freedom."
E)attacking Harpers Ferry.

Question 39

The most important social distinction in the south was

A)gender.
B)class.
C)race.
D)religion.
E)political affiliation.

Question 40

The Kansas and Nebraska Territories were organized for which of the following reasons?

A)To finally resolve the issue of slavery
B)To begin construction on an transcontinental railroad
C)To resolve issues regarding Native American reservations.
D)To alleviate population pressures in the East.
E)To further scientific research on violent weather

Question 41

Which of the following was not among the nation's four leading industries measured by value added in manufacturing by 1860?

A)cotton textiles
B)floor milling
C)lumber products
D)boots and shoes
E)iron and steel

Question 42

By 1855,cotton provided more than ____ of total U.S.exports.

A)one-quarter
B)one-third
C)one-half
D)two-thirds
E)one-tenth

Question 43

After serving four terms in the Illinois legislature and one term in Congress,Abraham Lincoln was propelled back into politics by the shock of

A)the Kansas-Nebraska bill.
B)the Dred Scott decision.
C)John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry.
D)Bleeding Kansas.
E)the Fugitive Slave Law.

Question 44

The 3 million immigrants that entered the United States in the decade after 1845 represented ____ percent of the total America population in 1845.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
E)50

Question 45

Organization of the Nebraska territory was necessary in order to

A)expand slavery in the West.
B)stop the Republican Party.
C)establish reservations for Native Americans.
D)get Lincoln elected President.
E)build a railroad across the area.

Question 46

Most of the foreign-born voters in the 1830s and 1840s joined the Democratic Party.

Question 47

The value of American exports and imports increased by ____ percent between 1844 and 1856.

A)50
B)100
C)200
D)300
E)500

Question 48

The American or Know Nothing Party failed to become the leading opposition party in the 1850s primarily because the

A)large numbers of immigrants joined the party.
B)slavery issue divided northern and southern supporters of the party.
C)Democratic Party picked up its anti-immigrant platforms.
D)Whig Party was revived,diluting its strength.
E)business community strongly supported increased immigration.

Question 49

The Panic of 1857 virtually destroyed the southern cotton economy.

Question 50

The first year that the Republican Party ran a presidential candidate was 1854.

Question 51

Abraham Lincoln believed that slavery and freedom were incompatible.

Question 52

The leading advocate for southern economic diversification was James D.B.De Bow.

Question 53

On average,wages and opportunities for workers were greater in the North than anywhere else.

Question 54

The leading southern advocate of free labor ideology was Jefferson Davis.

Question 55

John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry lasted for thee days.

Question 56

How many Supreme Court Justices voted in favor of Dred Scott?

A)0
B)1
C)2
D)3
E)4

Question 57

The Lecompton Constitution was invalid because it was written by the antislavery minority in the proslavery territory of Kansas.

Question 58

With regard to the Kansas issue,President Franklin Pierce

A)endorsed John Brown's abolitionist campaign.
B)recognized the antislavery legislature.
C)recognized the proslavery legislature.
D)refused to get involved in the conflict.
E)asked Kansas to secede from the Union.

Question 59

The Dred Scott decision was unanimous.

Question 60

Most former northern members of the American Party became

A)dropped out of politics.
B)Democrats.
C)Whigs.
D)Free Soilers.
E)Republicans.

Question 61

When two competing legislatures emerged in Kansas,the House of Representatives recognized the one that supported slavery.

Question 62

Abraham Lincoln saw the prevention of the expansion of slavery into the territories as the first step to its eventual extinction.

Question 63

The Kansas-Nebraska Act destroyed the Whig Party.

Question 64

No southern justices supported the Dred Scott decision.

Question 65

Franklin Pierce supported southern efforts to legalize slavery in Kansas.

Question 66

The Dred Scott decision finally settled the slavery question.

Question 67

The Republican Party advocated racial equality in the election of 1856.

Question 68

The Impending Crisis of the South exaggerated the disaffection of most non-slaveholders in the South.

Question 69

The Lecompton debate seriously split the Democratic Party.

Question 70

It was David R.Atchison who insisted that the Missouri Compromise had to be explicitly repealed in order for the South to accept the organization of the Nebraska Territory.

Question 71

Many southerners read The Impending Crisis of the South.

Question 72

The Republicans were the first truly sectional party in American history.

Question 73

Immigrants did not seem very interested in politics.Many of the abolitionists advocated depriving white immigrants and Catholics of equal rights.

Question 74

The elections of 1854 were disastrous for northern Democrats.

Question 75

The Kansas-Nebraska bill passed easily in the House of Representatives.

Question 76

The Panic of 1857 stemmed entirely from domestic causes.

Question 77

Application of popular sovereignty to the Nebraska Territory was the brainchild of Stephen A.Douglas.

Question 78

Franklin Pierce was president during the debate over the Kansas-Nebraska bill.

Question 79

The Know-Nothing Party was so named because its members were ignorant and uneducated.

Question 80

George Fitzhugh's book Cannibals All reinforced what Helper had written in The Impending Crisis.