Deck 2: A Transformed Nation: The West and the New South, 1865-1900

Question 1

During the last quarter of the nineteenth century,presidential elections were

A)all won by Republicans.
B)so close they were usually determined by one percent of the popular vote.
C)dominated by issues related to Reconstruction.
D)won only by candidates who had fought for the Union in the Civil War.
E)all of these choices

Answer 1

so close they were usually determined by one percent of the popular vote.

Question 2

The five "civilized tribes"

A)sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War.
B)were nomadic hunters who followed the buffalo across the plains.
C)were the first organized group to openly oppose slavery in the United States.
D)received millions of additional acres of land from the federal government in the 1860s.
E)moved to Mexico after the Civil War.

Answer 2

sided with the Confederacy during the Civil War.

Question 3

In the post-Civil War period,the Spanish speaking peoples of the Southwest and California

A)preserved many of their distinctive traditions.
B)increasingly turned to the courts in an attempt to preserve their land rights.
C)lost much of their political influence.
D)were forced out of the gold fields.
E)all of these choices

Answer 3

all of these choices

Question 4

The Supreme Court case Plessy v.Ferguson stated that

A)the right of blacks to vote was not constitutionally protected.
B)black Americans could be prevented from running for office.
C)Jim Crow laws were illegal.
D)black and white Americans could be segregated by race,but must be supplied with equal facilities.
E)the Fourteenth Amendment did not apply to private acts of discrimination.

Question 5

Hispanics who lived in the borderland communities of southern Colorado and northern New Mexico

A)had grazed sheep on the open range in the 1870s.
B)found their freight businesses replaced by the railroads by the 1880s.
C)increasingly competed with Anglo settlers for grazing land.
D)were squeezed out by major livestock companies.
E)All of these choices.

Question 6

In the fight for equal rights,black leader Booker T.Washington adopted a strategy that emphasized

A)segregation.
B)political equality and freedoms.
C)self-help and education.
D)government assistance to blacks.
E)violent resistance.

Question 7

In 1890,the Bureau of Census announced that

A)sixty percent of the U.S.population lived west of the Mississippi River.
B)a majority of Americans were foreign born.
C)the frontier which had separated the settled from unsettled areas of the continent,no longer existed.
D)the number of immigrants coming to the United States was at the lowest point in history.
E)most Americans now lived in urban areas rather than on farms.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the Mugwumps,Stalwarts,and Half-Breeds?

A)They were conflicting groups within the Democratic Party.
B)Both the Mugwumps and Half-Breeds supported reforms while the Stalwarts opposed reform.
C)Only the Stalwarts advocated civil-service reform.
D)All three groups favored extension of the spoils system.
E)They were three fledging political parties who supported "clean" politics.

Question 9

By 1890,the Sioux and other reservation Indians

A)were rapidly adapting to a capitalist,agrarian lifestyle.
B)had achieved full U.S.citizenship and equal rights.
C)were reduced to lives of poverty,depression,and alcoholism.
D)were profiting from the discovery of oil on their ancestral lands.
E)were working in large numbers for the mining industry.

Question 10

All of the following statements regarding race relations during the New South period are true except

A)most black southerners were denied the right to vote.
B)a record number of blacks did manage to own land in the post-Reconstruction era.
C)most southern blacks lived as tenant farmers or sharecroppers.
D)industrialization in the South created jobs for blacks.
E)lynching and racial violence increased significantly.

Question 11

"Jim Crow" laws

A)disenfranchised black Americans.
B)extended the naturalization period for foreigners.
C)prevented women from voting.
D)mandated labor unions.
E)mandated racial segregation in public facilities.

Question 12

All of the following statements regarding the Chinese in California are true except they

A)were overwhelmingly male.
B)were unable to develop communities owing to a shortage of women.
C)were actively recruited to come to the region as laborers.
D)were subject to the Foreign Miners' Tax.
E)referred to California as "Gold Mountain."

Question 13

The economy of the "New South" was colonial in that

A)it had not changed since the colonial period of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
B)it depended on raw materials imported from Caribbean colonies.
C)many major industries were financed and controlled by northern businessmen.
D)southern leaders invested more capital in agriculture than in manufacturing.
E)European investors controlled much of the land and the industry.

Question 14

Which of these best exemplifies the Lost Cause?

A)the effort to defeat Civil Service reform.
B)fundraising initiatives by southern women to erect statues honoring slain Confederate soldiers.
C)Ida B.Wells campaign against lynching in the Jim Crow South.
D)Indian resistance to white encroachment on western lands.
E)None of these choices.

Question 15

According to Frederick Jackson Turner,American character and culture were primarily influenced by

A)the Spanish and the French traditions.
B)the development of civilized cities and towns.
C)the spread of the plantation system.
D)the existence of the frontier and the westward movement.
E)war.

Question 16

Mexican Americans during the course of the nineteenth century

A)saw their standard of living improve slightly.
B)lost much of their landholdings.
C)remained about the same.
D)improved their status significantly.
E)were forced to leave the country in large numbers.

Question 17

The Chinese emigrated to the United States

A)to escape poverty in their  homeland.
B)in search of gold.
C)to shed China's political unrest.
D)from the Pearl River delta in southeast China.
E)All of these choices.

Question 18

By the 1870s,the major mineral being mined in the West was

A)gold.
B)silver.
C)copper.
D)lead.
E)platinum.

Question 19

In the mining frontier,

A)the largest and most profitable mines were owned by mining corporations.
B)small independent miners controlled production and set prices.
C)labor/management relations were peaceful due to high pay and industry profits.
D)environmental concerns prevented the use of wasteful and destructive technologies.
E)Native Americans supplied most of the labor force.

Question 20

The "Ghost Dance" was

A)a religious movement that promised the destruction of the white man and the return of Indian land.
B)a Halloween celebration popular among Czech and German immigrants on the plains.
C)the only Indian cultural activity permitted by Indian agents on the reservations in the 1890s.
D)introduced by Christian missionaries as a means of undermining pagan rituals.
E)a funeral ritual practiced by the Pueblo Indians.

Question 21

The Battle of Little Bighorn in which George A.Custer and his men were killed occurred after

A)whites had entered the sacred Black Hills seeking gold.
B)the U.S.army had massacred the Ghost Dancers at Wounded Knee.
C)Custer had insulted the Sioux chief.
D)the Sioux had been confined to a reservation in Dakota territory.
E)the army had carried out mass executions of Indian prisoners of war.

Question 22

Longhorn cattle were introduced in southern Texas by

A)German farmers.
B)the Spaniards.
C)Anglo ranchers.
D)the Indians.
E)Canadians.

Question 23

The "Battle" of Wounded Knee

A)was the worst defeat in the history of the U.S.Army.
B)was a shoot out between sheep herders and cattlemen in Wyoming.
C)revitalized Plains Indian culture.
D)symbolized the death of the Plains Indians' way of life.
E)defeated the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico.

Question 24

Post-Civil War relations between Anglos and Mexican Americans in Texas were characterized by

A)cooperation and friendliness.
B)intimidation and hostility.
C)mass deportations to Mexico.
D)mutual respect and admiration.
E)constant warfare.

Question 25

The most environmentally destructive type of mining in California's gold rush was

A)strip.
B)placer.
C)pan.
D)stamping.
E)hydraulic.

Question 26

The postwar boom in the range cattle industry began in which of the following?

A)Kansas
B)western Missouri
C)southern Texas
D)eastern Oklahoma
E)Nebraska

Question 27

Texas Rangers

A)protected Mexican American land claims in Texas.
B)often acted as vigilantes for Anglos in retaliating against Mexican Americans.
C)always enforced the law impartially.
D)protected Mexican Americans' right to vote.
E)protected the rights of blacks in Texas.

Question 28

The Cheyenne at Sand Creek were led by

A)Black Kettle
B)Sitting Bull
C)Chief Joseph
D)Little Crow
E)John Brown

Question 29

Open-range grazing declined in the West because

A)the range had become overstocked.
B)record cold killed thousands of free range cattle.
C)scientific breeding proved more profitable.
D)ranchers began fencing their land.
E)all of these choices.

Question 30

The first immigration restriction legislation in the U.S.was directed toward

A)Chinese migration.
B)Irish migration.
C)Japanese migration.
D)German migration.
E)Italian migration.

Question 31

The goal of the Indian schools was

A)assimilation into American culture.
B)research into Native American culture.
C)the preservation of Native American language.
D)training of Native Americans to factory work.
E)teaching Native Americans how to vote.

Question 32

Ida Wells was an advocate for

A)copper miners.
B)Chinese women in California.
C)southern blacks.
D)civil reform in government.
E)Mexican Americans.

Question 33

The borderland communities way for life was dramatically changed by

A)the Mexican War.
B)cattle grazing.
C)the end of the Civil War.
D)the coming of railroads.
E)statehood for California.

Question 34

Most laborers in the west

A)were cowboys.
B)were miners.
C)worked for one company all their lives.
D)made a lot of money.
E)were itinerant and temporary.

Question 35

President Grant's "Peace Policy" toward the Indians

A)called for the extermination of the wild tribes.
B)continued the tradition of dealing with Indian tribes as "separate nations."
C)encouraged Indians to accept civilization,Christianity,and citizenship.
D)offered the peaceful relocation of willing Indians to remote areas in Canada and Alaska.
E)vastly expanded Indian land holdings.

Question 36

The writings of Thomas Nelson Page

A)dealt realistically with the problems of southern society.
B)were not read outside the South.
C)criticized lynching.
D)encouraged a diversified economy in the New South.
E)romanticized plantation society of the Old South.

Question 37

All of the following statements regarding women in the West are true except

A)unmarried women could not own land under the Homestead Act.
B)in 1860,more than 85 percent of Chinese women in San Francisco were prostitutes.
C)women were less than 10 percent of the population in the California gold rush.
D)western states were the first the grant suffrage to women.
E)gender arrangements differed in the west compared to other regions.

Question 38

Most of the New South's iron and steel industry was concentrated in

A)central Georgia.
B)northern Alabama.
C)southern Mississippi.
D)eastern Tennessee.
E)Texas

Question 39

By the 1890s,southern farmers were importing nearly ____ of their food.

A)one-half
B)one-quarter
C)two-thirds
D)two-fifths
E)nine-tenths

Question 40

The McKinley Tariff of 1890

A)established the first income tax.
B)had a reform measure that reduced the price of American manufactured products.
C)was vetoed by President Benjamin Harrison.
D)was responsible for the decisive Republican victory in the election of 1892.
E)had a protective tax that raised import duties to an average of 50 percent.

Question 41

In the 1880s,James B.Duke industrialized the ____ industry.

A)cotton
B)coffee
C)mining
D)tobacco
E)meatpacking

Question 42

The basic institution of the southern rural economy after the Civil War was the "crop lien system."

Question 43

Since most Plains Indian cultures traditionally included an economy based on individually owned farms,tribal members quickly adapted to reservation life.

Question 44

Cheyenne leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse crushed U.S.cavalrymen at Little Big Horn and sent them into permanent retreat in 1876.

Question 45

Most Chinese immigrants to California did not intend on staying there permanently.

Question 46

Many whites believed that Booker T.Washington encouraged black Americans to accept permanent second-class citizenship.

Question 47

Southern cotton mills had a competitive advantage over northern mills because of

A)cheap energy sources.
B)cheap labor,made up mostly of former slaves.
C)cheap labor,made up mostly of poor, non-union,southern whites.
D)cheap labor,made up mostly of immigrants.
E)better weather conditions.

Question 48

Ida B.Wells was a southern black journalist who carried on an extensive campaign against lynching.

Question 49

The coming of the railroads opened a new era of prosperity for the borderland communities.

Question 50

Between 1865 and 1900 the white population in the trans-Mississippi west increased

A)90 percent.
B)200 percent.
C)300 percent
D)400 percent.
E)800 percent.

Question 51

Southern cotton production after the Civil War was so plentiful,prices for it declined tremendously.

Question 52

During the Civil War,many major American Indian tribes signed treaties of alliance with the Confederacy.

Question 53

In Williams v.Mississippi,the U.S.Supreme Court outlawed the use of literacy and property qualifications to limit voting rights.

Question 54

Itinerant and ethnically diverse labor was common in the west.

Question 55

Immigrant homesteaders from Germany and Scandinavia found it difficult to recreate ethnic communities in the U.S.West.

Question 56

Very few longhorns made it up the Chisholm Trail.

Question 57

During the 1890s,the American West was the scene of many "wars" between farmers and large ranchers.

Question 58

The Mugwumps were small in number but large in influence.

Question 59

The African Americans -- "Exodusters" -- who left the South beginning in the 1870s​

A)were lured  to the North by agents seeking industrial workers.​
B)moved to escape poverty.​
C)were acting on a rumor that there was free land for them in Kansas.​
D)comprised 50,000  people hoping to resettle in Africa and leave southern racism behind.​
E)were acting on the advice of noted leader Booker T.Washington.​

Question 60

The Spanish brought the first cattle into Texas in the 1700s.

Question 61

Miller and Lux only hired Chinese laborers.

Question 62

Fredrick Jackson Turner's thesis included an early call for environmental protection of the west.

Question 63

In 1867,the Union Pacific railroad employed workforce that was almost 90 percent Chinese.

Question 64

Southern cotton output doubled between 1878 and 1898.

Question 65

According to Frederick Jackson Turner,the frontier shaped a new kind of democratic egalitarian culture.

Question 66

Nine out of ten western cowboys were born in the eastern United States.Middle class black women became leaders of the movement for "racial uplift."

Question 67

The cowboy tradition of rounding up and herding cattle arrived in the Americas with the earliest Spanish settlers.

Question 68

In the Sand Creek massacre half of the Indians killed were women and children.

Question 69

Republicans won the presidency and gained control of both houses of Congress in 1888.

Question 70

In the late 1870s,thousands of southern blacks were encouraged to move west to Kansas.

Question 71

The writer who offered a first-hand account of the spiritual suffering of Indian children in boarding schools run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs was Helen Hunt Jackson.

Question 72

The Texas Rangers protected Mexican Americans from Anglo violence.

Question 73

Almost half of the homesteaders who settled the Great Plains were unable to "prove" their claim and lost their land.

Question 74

Industrialization of the west added to its ethnic diversity.

Question 75

Spanish-speaking peoples in the Southwest and California managed to preserve much of their distinctive culture.

Question 76

When he won the election of 1884,Grover Cleveland became the first Democrat to be elected in 28 years.

Question 77

Most Americans could not afford to participate in the Homestead Act.

Question 78

Mexican Americans for the most part,did not lose land to American settlers.

Question 79

Wages in southern cotton mills were roughly the same as those in northern mills.

Question 80

In the aftermath of the Civil War,the process of concentrating Indian tribes on reservations slowed down.