Deck 20: The Reproductive Systembrad

Question 1

What are the three major stages of spermatogenesis?

A)​mitotic proliferation,sperm differentiation,and delivery
B)testosterone secretion,sperm differentiation,and packaging
C)mitotic proliferation,meiosis,and packaging
D)testosterone secretion,meiosis,and packaging
E)​mitotic proliferation,meiosis,and delivery

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is the lowest portion of the uterus called?​

A)​vagina
B)endometrium
C)cervix
D)vulva
E)​perineum

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The testes are controlled by what two gonadotropic hormones?​

A)​testosterone and estrogen
B)LH and FSH
C)androgens and ACTH
D)cAMP and testosterone
E)​FSH and growth hormone

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What endocrine cells produce testosterone in the male?

A)​Leydig cells
B)Sertoli cells
C)inguinal cells
D)granulosa cells
E)​islets of Langerhans

Question 5

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?

A)​48
B)46
C)32
D)24
E)​23

Question 6

What is the primary energy source for ejaculated sperm?

A)​fructose
B)glucose
C)galactose
D)lactic acid
E)​fatty acids

Question 7

What is the male equivalent of the female clitoris?

A)​prostate gland
B)scrotum
C)testes
D)penis
E)epididymis

Question 8

Gametogenesis is accomplished by:

A)​mitosis
B)fertilization
C)gestation
D)meiosis
E)​ovulation

Question 9

How many chromosomes do human spermatogonia contain?

A)​22
B)23
C)32
D)44
E)​46

Question 10

What is the sympathetic rhythmic contraction rate (in response to orgasm)in both males and females?

A)​0.1-second intervals
B)0.4-second intervals
C)0.8-second intervals
D)1.2-second intervals
E)​1.8-second intervals

Question 11

In what phase of the sexual response cycle does ejaculation occur?

A)​excitation phase
B)resolution phase
C)plateau phase
D)orgasmic phase
E)​seminal phase

Question 12

The enhancement of sperm's ability to fertilize in the male and female reproductive tracts is known as:

A)​activation
B)capacitation
C)synergistic response
D)initiation
E)​ignition

Question 13

What is the production of female eggs called?​

A)​oogenesis
B)parturition
C)fertilization
D)gestation
E)​lactation

Question 14

A man is considered clinically infertile if his sperm concentration falls below:

A)​400 million/m​L of semen
B)165 million/mL of semen
C)100 million/mL of semen
D)60 million/mL of semen
E)​20 million/mL of semen

Question 15

Where is the coolest temperature found that is best suited for spermatogenesis?

A)​scrotum
B)inguinal canal
C)epididymis
D)Wolffian ducts
E)​abdominal cavity

Question 16

What dual functions do the ovaries perform?

A)​oogenesis and lactation
B)menstruation and ovulation
C)oogenesis and secreting female sex hormones
D)menstruation and secreting female sex hormones
E)​oogenesis and gametogenesis

Question 17

What is the chromosomal designation of a human female?

A)​XY
B)YY
C)XX
D)XZ
E)​ZZ

Question 18

What are the female gametes?

A)​uterus
B)ova
C)fallopian tubes
D)semen
E)​ovaries

Question 19

What is the principal estrogen secreted by the ovaries?

A)​estrone
B)estriol
C)progesterone
D)menstruum
E)​estradiol

Question 20

Where are Sertoli cells located or housed?

A)​Leydig cells
B)epididymis
C)ductus deferens
D)seminiferous tubules
E)​Müllerian ducts

Question 21

What is the longest timeframe that sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract?

A)​24 hours
B)48 hours
C)72 hours
D)5 days
E)​7 days

Question 22

Within what timeframe must fertilization occur after ovulation?

A)​24 hours
B)48 hours
C)72 hours
D)5 days
E)​7 days

Question 23

How long is the period of gestation (pregnancy)in humans from conception?

A)​about 33 weeks
B)about 34 weeks
C)about 36 weeks
D)about 38 weeks
E)​about 40 weeks

Question 24

For how long will the corpus luteum function if fertilization does not occur?​

A)​1 week
B)10 days
C)2 weeks
D)3 weeks
E)​28 days

Question 25

How many chromosomes do human primary oocytes contain?

A)​48
B)46
C)32
D)24
E)​23

Question 26

The endometrial tissue that's modified at the implantation site is called the:

A)​decidua
B)morula
C)blastocyst
D)trophoblast
E)​chorion

Question 27

Between what ages does menopause typically occur in women?

A)​30 - 35
B)35 - 45
C)45 - 55
D)55 - 65
E)​65 - 70

Question 28

What peptide hormone causes cervical softening?

A)​oxytocin
B)progesterone
C)corticotrophin-releasing hormone
D)vasopressin
E)​relaxin

Question 29

What antibody is present in great amounts in breast milk?

A)​IgA
B)IgE
C)IgM
D)lactoferrin
E)​Lactobacillus bifidus

Question 30

What causes dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps)?

A)​ovulation
B)prostaglandin overproduction
C)estrogen overproduction
D)progesterone underproduction
E)​LH underproduction

Question 31

Thecal and granulosa cells are collectively known as:

A)​follicular cells
B)ovulatory cells
C)menstrual cells
D)luteal cells
E)​secondary cells

Question 32

Where is oxytocin stored?

A)​thalamus
B)hypothalamus
C)pineal
D)anterior pituitary
E)​posterior pituitary

Question 33

How long does the menstrual,or uterine,cycle last on average?​

A)​1 week
B)10 days
C)2 weeks
D)3 weeks
E)​28 days

Question 34

What are the three stages of labor?​

A)​rupturing of the amniotic sac,delivery of the baby,and delivery of the placenta
B)rupturing of the amniotic sac,labor pains,and delivery of the baby
C)rupturing of the amniotic sac,cervical dilation,and delivery of the baby
D)cervical dilation,delivery of the baby,and delivery of the placenta
E)​cervical dilation,labor pains,and delivery of the baby

Question 35

What function does placental PTHrp (parathyroid hormone-related peptide)serve?​

A)​It helps prepare the mammary glands for lactation.
B)It increases maternal plasma Ca₂+ levels for use in calcifying fetal bones.
C)It softens the cervix in preparation for cervical dilation at parturition.
D)It maintains the corpus luteum of pregnancy.
E)​It stimulates growth of the myometrium.

Question 36

The luteal phase is characterized by the presence of a(n):​

A)​endometrium
B)corona radiata
C)corpus luteum
D)zona pellucida
E)​antrum

Question 37

How long after implantation is the placenta well established and operational (albeit not fully developed)?

A)​5 days
B)3 weeks
C)5 weeks
D)8 weeks
E)​12 weeks

Question 38

In about 95% of ectopic tubal pregnancies,the morula implants in the lining of the:​

A)​uterus
B)oviduct
C)ovaries
D)endometrium
E)​vagina

Question 39

After the onset of puberty,the ovary constantly alternates between what two phases?

A)​primary and secondary phases
B)initial and late phases
C)estrogen and progesterone phases
D)follicular and luteal phases
E)​ovulating and menstrual phases

Question 40

What enzyme do granulosa cells contain?

A)​inhibin
B)lactase
C)kisspeptin
D)granulase
E)​aromatase

Question 41

An erection-generating center lies in the lower spinal cord.​

Question 42

The vaginal opening is located in the perineum between the urethral opening anteriorly and the anal opening posteriorly.​

Question 43

Menopause is preceded by a period of progressive ovarian failure characterized by increasingly irregular cycles and dwindling estrogen levels.​

Question 44

The male sex act involves two components: erection and ejaculation.

Question 45

Together,an oocyte and surrounding granulosa cells make up a primordial follicle.

Question 46

Puberty occurs in females around 16 years of age when hypothalamic GnRH activity increases dramatically.

Question 47

Nuclear division in the specialized case of gametes is accomplished by meiosis,in which only a half set of genetic information is distributed to each of four new daughter cells.

Question 48

The average volume of semen is 2.75 L,ranging from 2 to 6 L,the higher volumes following periods of elevated sexual activity.

Question 49

The epididymal ducts from each testis converge to form a large,thick-walled,muscular duct called the Wolffian duct.

Question 50

Prostaglandins stimulate contractions of the smooth muscle in the reproductive tracts of both genders,thereby helping transport sperm to the site of fertilization in the female oviduct.

Question 51

Phenotypic sex,the apparent anatomic sex of an individual,is hormonally mediated and depends on the genetically determined gonadal sex.​

Question 52

Most of testosterone's actions ultimately function to ensure delivery of sperm to the female.

Question 53

The uterus consists of two main layers: the myometrium and the endometrium.

Question 54

The secreted estrogen,in addition to acting on sex-specific tissues such as the clitoris,inhibits the thalamus and posterior pituitary in typical negative-feedback fashion.​

Question 55

In humans,20 autosomal chromosomes code for general human characteristics and for specific traits such as eye color.​

Question 56

A spermatozoon has four parts: a head capped with an acrosome,an upper piece,a lower piece,and a tail.

Question 57

The ovaries perform the dual function of producing ova (oogenesis)and secreting the female sex hormones,estrogen and progesterone.

Question 58

 In males,the reproductive tract develops from the Müllerian ducts and the Wolffian ducts degenerate.​

Question 59

The prostate gland secretes an acidic fluid that neutralizes the alkaline vaginal secretions,an important function because sperm are more viable in a slightly acidic environment.​

Question 60

The second stage of follicular development is conversion of selected primordial follicles into primary follicles.​

Question 61

The primary reproductive organs,or __________,consist of a pair of __________ in the male and a pair of ovaries in the female.​

Question 62

During sexual arousal,the__________ glands secrete mucus that provides lubrication for sexual intercourse.​

Question 63

The testes are controlled by two __________hormones secreted by the__________.​

Question 64

The oocyte and granulosa cells secrete glycoproteins that form a thick,gel-like __________ that covers the oocyte and separates it from the surrounding granulosa cells.​

Question 65

The glycogen stores in the endometrium are sufficient to nourish the fetus for about three months.​

Question 66

Most of the clitoris is located internally and consists mainly of large,highly vascular __________that surround the urethra and vagina.​

Question 67

__________ refers to the physical exchange of chromosome material between the homologous pairs before their separation during the first meiotic division.​

Question 68

The major male accessory sex glands,whose secretions provide the bulk of the semen,are the __________ vesicles,__________ gland,and bulbourethral glands.​

Question 69

The penis consists almost entirely of __________made up of three columns or cords of sponge-like vascular spaces extending the length of the organ.​

Question 70

The primary oocytes remain in a state of __________ for years until they are prepared for ovulation.​

Question 71

Genetic sex,which depends on the combination of sex chromosomes at the time of conception,in turn determines __________ sex.​

Question 72

A small portion of testosterone secreted by the testes is converted to estrogen outside the testes by the enzyme __________.​

Question 73

A blastocyst is a single-layer hollow ball of about 5 million cells encircling a fluid-filled cavity,with a dense mass of cells known as the central cell mass grouped together at one side.​

Question 74

During the __________phase following orgasm,sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses slow the inflow of blood into the penis.​

Question 75

The fetally derived portion of the placenta secretes hormones essential for maintaining pregnancy,primarily human chorionic gonadotropin,estrogen,and progesterone.​

Question 76

The final release of mature spermatozoa from the Sertoli cells is a process called__________.​

Question 77

The placental hormone human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS)increases use of glucose by the mother and mobilizes free amino acids from maternal adipose stores.​

Question 78

In humans,the spermatogonia divide __________ twice to form four identical primary __________.​

Question 79

Fertilization,the union of male and female gametes,normally occurs in the ampulla,the upper third of the oviduct.

Question 80

In humans,gametes contain only one member of each homologous pair for a total of __________ chromosomes -- the __________ number.​