Deck 18: Adolescence and Adulthood

Question 1

Which statement most accurately describes the typical relationship between an adolescent and her family?

A) Adolescents do not get along with their families, especially their parents.
B) Adolescents do not get along with their families, especially younger siblings.
C) Adolescents maintain close relationships with their families.
D) Most adolescents have distant relationships with their parents and siblings.

Answer 1

Adolescents maintain close relationships with their families.

Question 2

The most important hormone in the development of female sexual characteristics is:

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) luteinizing hormone

Answer 2

estrogen

Question 3

A new television show depicting an adolescent and his relationships with his family is described as being life-like.The program displays the adolescent as having a poor sense of self,aloof relationships with family members,and emotional problems.Being the well-educated psychology student that you are,your reaction to this program is that:

A) most adolescents have a good sense of identity, but that their relationships with family tend to be poor
B) adolescence is the worst time in life, and this program describes it well
C) it does not portray the majority of teenagers
D) it does portray the majority of teenagers

Answer 3

it does not portray the majority of teenagers

Question 4

The production of sperm is triggered by the ____,which stimulates the ____.

A) hypothalamus; pituitary gland
B) pituitary gland; hypothalamus
C) testes; hypothalamus
D) testes; pituitary gland

Question 5

The first menstrual period is menarche and is triggered by the:

A) limbic system
B) thymus
C) hypothalamus
D) hippocampus

Question 6

In boys,the physical growth spurt begins at about ____ years old.

A) 10-11
B) 11-12
C) 13-14
D) 15-16

Question 7

There is a sex difference between males and females as to when the biological changes of puberty typically occur.Females typically experience the changes between ages ____ and males between ages ____.

A) 9 and 13; 10 and 14
B) 10 and 14; 9 and 13
C) 7 and 9; 9 and 13
D) 13 and 16; 10 and 13

Question 8

Cal is anxious to grow in height so that he can be a better basketball player.He is 10 years old.According to the average growth spurt,how much longer will Cal have to wait?

A) 1 year
B) 3 years
C) 6 years
D) 7 years

Question 9

The time of life characterized by many biological,personality,cognitive,social,and personality trait changes between the ages of 12 and 18 is called:

A) adolescence
B) senesce
C) transition
D) matriculation

Question 10

After returning from summer vacation,Phil notices that his teenage neighbor,Alexander,has begun to shave and his voice has become slightly deeper.Phil concludes that these changes are most likely due to:

A) puberty
B) Turner's syndrome
C) increased secretion of progesterone
D) increased secretion of estrogen

Question 11

Sharon wonders what changes will occur in her daughter Nicole when she reaches puberty.Of the following,Sharon can expect that Nicole will experience:

A) reduction in the size of the pituitary gland
B) an increase in the production of estrogen
C) subconscious homosexual tendencies
D) increased blood flow to the vagina

Question 12

The pituitary is stimulated to produce hormones by the:

A) brainstem
B) ovaries or testes
C) hormone kisspeptin
D) cerebral cortex

Question 13

In girls,the growth spurt usually begins about ____ before the onset of breast development.

A) 1 month
B) 1-2 months
C) 3-6 months
D) 6-12 months

Question 14

Stanley is 14 and has yet to reach puberty.When he does,we can expect he will experience:

A) an increase in the production of testosterone
B) a reduction in the size of the pituitary gland
C) subconscious homosexual tendencies
D) reduced blood flow to the penis

Question 15

Meg is an early maturing girl and has encountered some psychological problems.What does the textbook offer as an explanation for Meg's psychological problems?

A) She does not perceive herself to be attractive.
B) Her parents simply have not accepted the fact that she is growing up.
C) Her estrogen levels are too high, but will decrease once she becomes 15 or 16 years old.
D) She has not yet acquired adult personality traits and social skills.

Question 16

Researchers now believe that most adolescents:

A) experience great psychological turmoil
B) successfully negotiate their teenage years
C) have many emotional problems
D) pass on to postconventional moral development

Question 17

Kelley began menstruating when she was 12.This beginning is called:

A) menarche
B) estrogen
C) menopause
D) periodicity

Question 18

Puberty refers to:

A) the onset of formal operational thinking in adolescence
B) conventional moral development during adolescence
C) chronically low self-esteem, which occurs in adolescence
D) the biological changes that happen at the start of adolescence

Question 19

What is the correct order of events for the ovaries to produce female hormones?

A) The hypothalamus releases kisspeptin, which stimulates the pituitary gland to stimulate the ovaries to increase the production of female hormones.
B) The ovaries release kisspeptin, which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce female hormones.
C) The pituitary gland releases kisspeptin, which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce female hormones.
D) The ovaries stimulate the thalamus to produce kisspeptin, which stimulates the pituitary gland. This, in turn, stimulates the hypothalamus to produce female hormones.

Question 20

The onset of secondary sex characteristics in girls begins at about:

A) 10 years
B) 10.5 years
C) 11 years
D) 11.5 years

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of a male secondary sex characteristic?

A) production of estrogen
B) the voice change
C) production of testosterone
D) production of sperm

Question 22

Larry reached puberty at a relatively early age.Brent,on the other hand,matured late.It is likely that as a result of this difference:

A) Larry would be more self-confident than Brent during adolescence
B) Brent would be more self-confident than Larry during adolescence
C) Larry's advantages would be maintained throughout adulthood
D) Larry would be less socially responsible than Brent

Question 23

Peter is about to enter formal operations,while his younger brother Bobby is in an earlier stage of development.What will Bobby notice about his brother?

A) a lack of egocentric thinking
B) more sophisticated conversations of abstract and hypothetical concepts
C) care orientation
D) postconventional moral reasoning

Question 24

Which of the following is not among the reasons why teenagers have sex,according to a survey cited in your textbook?

A) physically attracted to their partner
B) wanted to become pregnant so they would have someone to love
C) curiosity
D) knew that their friends were having sex

Question 25

Your textbook describes a model which views adolescent development as a process that involves sexual,cognitive,social,and personality changes which all influence each other.This model is called the:

A) Psychosocial model
B) Psychosexual model
C) BioPsychoSocial model
D) Cognitive Learning model

Question 26

Early-maturing boys have been found to have all of the following characteristics except:

A) greater dependence on parents
B) higher regard by peers
C) greater confidence
D) greater social responsibility

Question 27

How do most psychologists view adolescence?

A) as a time of long-lasting stress
B) adolescence is viewed as the most important time of life
C) this is a period of life where the individual has the poorest relationships to authority figures
D) a time for potential growth

Question 28

Formal operational thought is characterized by:

A) the ability to solve abstract problems
B) feelings of high self-esteem
C) conservation abilities
D) postconventional moral reasoning

Question 29

Bobby doesn't go through puberty until age 16.We can expect that compared to other boys his age,he will likely:

A) be more confident
B) have less self-esteem
C) feel less anxious
D) be more socially responsible

Question 30

The stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development that starts in adolescence and goes through adulthood is:

A) postconventional
B) accommodation
C) preconventional
D) formal operations

Question 31

According to a survey on sexual activity among teenage girls,most teenagers have their first sexual encounter:

A) earlier than what they consider to be the right time
B) later than what they consider to be the right time
C) close to what they consider to be the right time
D) using contraceptives

Question 32

The changes in your perception,thinking,and understanding of the world through learning and genetic factors are called:

A) cognitive development
B) formal operations
C) operational development
D) postconventional moral reasoning

Question 33

According to the BioPsychoSocial model,sexuality:

A) must be discussed in the context of the cognitive, personality, and emotional changes of the adolescent
B) is purely biological
C) in adolescents is decreasing, because of the number of messages stressing abstinence
D) among teenagers is decreasing, since more is known about AIDS

Question 34

The most important hormone in the development of male sexual characteristics is:

A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) luteinizing hormone

Question 35

A new sex education class discusses sexuality in the context of cognitive,personality,and social changes.The class emphasizes the ____ model.

A) Kohlberg's
B) social role
C) psychodynamic
D) BioPsychoSocial

Question 36

A sixth-grade teacher has some girls and boys who have reached puberty quite early.According to research,the girls and boys would:

A) differ in that the girls would benefit psychologically from their early maturation, whereas the boys would tend to suffer
B) differ in that the boys would benefit psychologically from their early maturation, whereas the girls would tend to suffer
C) both benefit psychologically from their early maturation
D) both suffer psychologically from their early maturation

Question 37

Studies that followed early and late maturers into adulthood have found:

A) the differences between early- and late-maturing boys and girls increase with age
B) the differences between early- and late-maturing boys increase with age, while the differences between early- and late-maturing girls decrease with age
C) the differences between early- and late-maturing girls increase with age, while the differences between early- and late-maturing boys decrease with age
D) the differences between early- and late-maturing boys and early- and late-maturing girls both decrease with age

Question 38

Which of the following is generally found in late-maturing boys?

A) a sense of social responsibility
B) a general feeling of relaxation
C) greater popularity with peers
D) a lack of self-confidence

Question 39

Of the following ages,which one is the median age for first intercourse among girls?

A) 15.6
B) 16.1
C) 17.4
D) 18.3

Question 40

Formal operations allow teenagers to:

A) critically consider their beliefs, attitudes, values, and a wide range of topics
B) become able to plan for their future
C) think independently of what others think
D) think rationally, without emotion clouding their reasoning

Question 41

A major difference between stage 1 and stage 2 of moral development is that stage 2 focuses on:

A) punishment
B) reward
C) avoiding being caught
D) making a good bargain

Question 42

Should you break the speed limit? Someone from level 1 of moral reasoning would say:

A) no, because it is against the law
B) no, because you might get caught and punished
C) no, because your parents and teachers taught you to obey the limit
D) maybe, because it depends on the situation

Question 43

Robert is Italian.Although he wants to date Karen he does not,because his parents want him to date only Italian girls and Karen is Irish.At which of Kohlberg's stages does Robert appear to be operating?

A) stage 2
B) stage 3
C) stage 4
D) stage 5

Question 44

Larry's teenage daughter Kate is very moody and impulsive.As a psychologist,Larry understands that Kate's behavior is due to:

A) immature corpus callosum
B) immature hippocampus
C) growth in her limbic system
D) her postconventional thinking

Question 45

Phil is driving his wife,who is in labor,to the hospital.While his wife is about to deliver a baby,she yells to Phil to drive faster.Phil refuses and says,"It is against the law to speed." Phil is probably at what stage of moral reasoning?

A) stage 1
B) stage 2
C) stage 4
D) stage 5

Question 46

Phil is driving his wife,who is in labor,to the hospital.While his wife is about to deliver a baby,she yells to Phil to drive faster.Phil does and is pulled over by the police.Phil yells to the officer,"It is more important to get my wife to hospital than to obey this law." Phil is probably at what stage of moral reasoning?

A) stage 1
B) stage 3
C) stage 4
D) stage 5

Question 47

At the mall you overhear several 16-year-olds talk about how a friend is having a big party with alcohol when their parents are gone for the weekend.You marvel at their immaturity and wonder how anyone could be that "stupid." What part of the adolescent's brain is still not fully developed and would account for making decisions and planning?

A) reticular formation
B) prefrontal cortex
C) cerebellum
D) hypothalamus

Question 48

As the module describes,adolescents take risks.Why?

A) The executive control areas are underdeveloped.
B) Conventional thinking limits their judgment.
C) Postconventional thinking limits their judgment.
D) The ability to think in abstractions limits their judgment.

Question 49

Gladys is 15 years old.She has just moved to a new high school.Someone dared her to get her nose pierced,and Gladys did.When asked why,she said that she just had to because of the dare.What is the best neurological explanation for her impulsiveness?

A) immature corpus callosum
B) immature reticular formation
C) her postconventional thinking
D) growth in her limbic system

Question 50

The prefrontal cortex acts as a(n):

A) executive manager
B) initiator of emotion
C) estimator of risk
D) relay switch for sensory messages

Question 51

Kohlberg studied moral reasoning through the use of:

A) moral dilemmas
B) conservation tasks
C) telephone surveys
D) observations of parent-adolescent interactions

Question 52

Rachel is always having arguments with her parents over seemingly trivial matters.Her parents view her as moody and quick to lose her composure.According to the textbook,Rachel's moodiness is the result of:

A) sex hormones
B) peer pressure
C) her parents' permissiveness
D) the stresses of school

Question 53

What part of the brain is in the process of development in the adolescent and is believed to be responsible for risk taking and other poor decisions?

A) prefrontal cortex
B) hypothalamus
C) thalamus
D) corpus callosum

Question 54

Tracy has just received her driver's license.If she is at the postconventional level of moral reasoning,she will obey the speed limit because:

A) she knows she will get caught and fined by the police if she speeds
B) reckless driving could endanger the safety of people, and that would be wrong
C) she wants to be seen as responsible by her parents
D) society expects drivers to obey the law

Question 55

Sharon does not take a cookie out of Mom's cookie jar because she knows Mom will punish her if she does.Sharon is operating at which of Kohlberg's levels of moral development?

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) postconventional
D) anticonventional

Question 56

You are watching a reality TV show that depicts a teenager and her family.In one episode,the teen is irritable,cranky,and argumentative with her parents.Which brain area is most responsible for this type of behavior?

A) cerebellum
B) limbic system
C) brainstem
D) corpus callosum

Question 57

Mike,at age 15,rides a dirt bike without a helmet.This thinking illustrates that:

A) he has not yet figured out what a risk is
B) he is in postconventional thinking
C) his prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped
D) he thinks in a self-centered way

Question 58

The study of moral development is most associated with the work of:

A) Piaget
B) Erikson
C) Freud
D) Kohlberg

Question 59

The correct order of the stages of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg is:

A) preconventional, conventional, postconventional
B) preconversational, conversational, postconversational
C) sensorimotor, concrete, formal
D) primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 60

Given a teenager's ability to make executive decisions,which of the following expressions is the most accurate?

A) a teenager is like a person who does comparison shopping, being analytical and careful
B) a teenage is like a dog with a big bark, but no bite
C) a teenage is a canoe up stream with no paddle
D) a teenager is like a car with a good accelerator but a weak break

Question 61

"I found a 10 dollar bill on the sidewalk and I kept it." This illustrates a(n):

A) personal moral decision
B) relative orientation
C) justice orientation
D) impersonal moral decision

Question 62

Boys and girls with ____ parents tend to be less achievement oriented.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) overprotective
D) permissive

Question 63

A parent who is supportive,loving,and encourages verbal give and take has a(n)____ style of parenting.

A) permissive
B) overprotective
C) laissez-faire
D) authoritative

Question 64

Which of the following is true of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

A) Four distinct levels of moral reasoning are identified.
B) Different people progress through the levels in different orders.
C) The conventional level is the highest level of moral reasoning.
D) Not all people reach the higher levels of moral development.

Question 65

Based on Kohlberg's research,which of the following is an accurate evaluation of his theory?

A) People from different cultures progress through the stages in different orders.
B) Moral reasoning is not always reflected in actual moral behavior.
C) Surveys indicate that college students rarely engage in blatantly immoral behaviors.
D) His data were based on research with male and female subjects.

Question 66

Individuals who had damage to their prefrontal cortex in infancy:

A) show language deficits in adulthood
B) tend to have a justice orientation in adulthood
C) tend to have a care orientation in adulthood
D) have difficulty learning social and moral rules in childhood and adolescence

Question 67

Which of the following is not among the styles of parenting discussed in this module?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) congenial

Question 68

Marian says that she thinks about how her moral decisions will affect her relationships.This is characteristic of:

A) the postconventional level
B) a personal orientation
C) the conventional level
D) a care orientation

Question 69

Impersonal moral decisions is to memory as personal moral decisions is to:

A) retrieval
B) emotion
C) justice
D) care

Question 70

"My dad sets the rules and that's it.There are no ifs,ands,or buts about it!" This parent has a(n)____ style.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) disciplinarian
D) congenial

Question 71

Theresa says that her parents are supportive and loving.In her family,rules are openly discussed,and there is frequent give-and-take.It sounds as though Theresa's parents are:

A) permissive
B) authoritative
C) authoritarian
D) overprotective

Question 72

Authoritative parents:

A) use harsh punishment to enforce rules
B) are less controlling and accept their children's actions
C) direct their children in logical and rational ways
D) make few demands and use reason rather than power

Question 73

Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development suggested that in making moral decisions,women generally adopt a(n):

A) care orientation
B) relative orientation
C) justice orientation
D) other orientation

Question 74

A politician is running for office.He says that he will support the law,equality,and individual rights.Carol Gilligan would say that the politician has a(n)____ orientation.

A) care
B) relative
C) justice
D) other

Question 75

The highest level of moral reasoning according to Kohlberg is:

A) postconventional
B) conventional
C) postformal
D) formal

Question 76

Aaron is against abortion because he feels life is sacred in any form,and the taking of life is morally wrong,despite the fact that the law allows abortion.Aaron is operating at which level of moral development?

A) preconventional
B) conventional
C) anticonventional
D) postconventional

Question 77

Which of the following has been mentioned as a criticism of Kohlberg's research on moral development?

A) The levels seem to occur only in America.
B) Controlled research studies do not support the theory.
C) Most studies do not support Kohlberg's claim that the stages are organized in a hierarchy.
D) His work does not take into account possible sex differences.

Question 78

A series of longitudinal studies of how different styles of parenting affect adolescent development was conducted by:

A) Jean Piaget
B) Diana Baumrind
C) Carol Gilligan
D) Lawrence Kohlberg

Question 79

"We ought to make the right decisions based on how those decisions will impact others." This person has a(n)____ orientation.

A) care
B) relative
C) justice
D) externalizing

Question 80

Gilligan pointed out that,in making moral decisions,the male subjects in Kohlberg's studies relied more on a:

A) justice orientation
B) conventional level
C) care orientation
D) postconventional level