Deck 21: Health,stress and Coping

Question 1

If you experience panic disorder,you might have had an initial interpretation of the sweating,racing heart,and trembling:

A) as an internal locus of control
B) as hardiness
C) as parasympathetic symptoms
D) as signs of a heart attack

Answer 1

as signs of a heart attack

Question 2

The three kinds of primary appraisals,according to Lazarus,are:

A) harm/loss, threat, and challenge
B) hypochondriac, psychosomatic, and physiological
C) irrelevant, positive, and stressful
D) alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

Answer 2

harm/loss, threat, and challenge

Question 3

At what point do we balance the demands of a potentially stressful situation with our ability to meet those demands?

A) challenge stage
B) perception stage
C) secondary appraisal
D) primary appraisal

Answer 3

primary appraisal

Question 4

Module 21 opens with a description of Luisa,who suffers from dizziness,shortness of breath,and dreading going to public places.Luisa suffers from:

A) Type D syndrome
B) social phobia
C) exhaustion
D) panic disorder

Question 5

Appraising a situation as involving harm/loss means that:

A) the situation is potentially dangerous
B) you have already suffered damage or injury
C) you anticipate harm in the near future
D) the situation requires mobilization of resources

Question 6

Lazarus has concluded that in stressful situations,our anxious feelings arise from:

A) the nature of the situation
B) our appraisal of the situation
C) the level of actual danger associated with the situation
D) the fight-or-flight response

Question 7

"The situation I find myself in is very threatening.In other situations,I do okay,but in this particular situation,I don't think I can handle it." Based upon this statement,this person is most likely experiencing:

A) burnout
B) the fight-flight response
C) stress
D) a phobia

Question 8

Your initial,subjective evaluation of a situation is called:

A) metacognition
B) personal evaluation
C) primary appraisal
D) hardiness

Question 9

Aaron really wanted to go out with this very attractive woman,but he was turned down.He feels totally rejected and depressed.Aaron is most likely to have experienced a:

A) negative appraisal
B) challenge appraisal
C) stressful primary appraisal
D) positive primary appraisal

Question 10

When we interpret a situation as threatening and do not feel psychologically equipped to handle the situation,we experience:

A) psychosis
B) stress
C) motivation
D) challenge

Question 11

"I don't think I have the resources to handle this situation." This person is experiencing:

A) psychosis
B) anxiety
C) stress
D) challenge

Question 12

According to Lazarus,if a person encounters a situation and makes a stressful primary appraisal,the result will be one of three:

A) techniques: biofeedback, relaxation, or meditation
B) stages: alarm, resistance, or exhaustion
C) interpretations: harm/loss, threat, or challenge
D) symptoms: muscle pain, fatigue, or headaches

Question 13

A consequence of describing a primary appraisal as irrelevant,positive,or stressful is that:

A) stress can be better studied
B) a situation is perceived in similar ways by healthy individuals
C) normal stress reactions are caused by stressful situations
D) different people can appraise the same situation differently

Question 14

Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian use the case of Luisa,the 23-year-old sufferer of panic disorder,to show that:

A) how we interpret or appraise a situation determines the stress it causes
B) a bad scare in childhood will stay with you for the rest of your life
C) everyone experiences stress in some situation
D) stress can kill

Question 15

In the lunchroom,George is describing an experience he had last week.He said that he suddenly felt short of breath,a pounding heart,dizziness,and a sense of losing control.George has confided in you that he now worries quite a bit that the attacks will happen again and he feels a lot of stress about this possibility.George should seek help,since his symptoms sound very much like:

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) somatization disorder
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) panic disorder

Question 16

An increase in fear and heart rate,trembling,sweating,and dread characterize a(n):

A) panic attack
B) galvanic skin response
C) increase in parasympathetic activity
D) Type A person

Question 17

Cal flunked his final exam.You cannot understand why he just doesn't care about it.It is evident that Cal has made a(n)____ primary appraisal.

A) irrelevant
B) negative
C) zero-sum
D) inconsequential

Question 18

During a visit to the local shopping mall,Kim suddenly found her heart pounding,had trouble breathing,felt dizzy,started sweating,and felt as if she were going to die.She ran out of the mall to her car,and started to feel better once she got into her car and sat still for a few moments.Kim has experienced a:

A) phobia
B) conversion disorder
C) panic attack
D) somatoform disorder

Question 19

If we make a stressful primary appraisal,we then make interpretations of the situation as:

A) irrelevant and positive
B) harm/loss, threat, and challenge
C) dispositional
D) arousing

Question 20

Mia's primary appraisal of a particular situation is that it is irrelevant.What effect will this type of appraisal have on Mia?

A) She will experience much stress, since the situation is potentially damaging to her friends and family.
B) Mia will experience a challenge if she remains in the situation.
C) The situation will probably lead to harm/loss.
D) The situation is probably nonstressful.

Question 21

Marie serves as a faculty advisor to freshmen at her college.Many of them find the first semester of college overwhelming and stressful.She can best assist them by:

A) helping them see their classes as challenges that require direct action
B) sympathizing with them, because college is stressful for everyone
C) telling them to grow up; they're not in high school any longer
D) threatening them with dismissal if they don't do well in their classes

Question 22

Thomas finds himself in a stressful situation.He says to himself,"I'm okay now,but something bad is going to happen soon." Thomas has probably made a ____ appraisal.

A) positive
B) harm/loss
C) threat
D) challenge

Question 23

Ginger and Mary Ann are enrolled in a driver's education class.One of the requirements of the class is to watch a very graphic video of car accidents and victims.Ginger is having a very hard time watching these videos,since she focuses on the agony and pain of the suffering.Mary Ann tries to figure out how the accidents could have been avoided.Besides their reaction to the videos,how else do Ginger and Mary Ann differ?

A) They differ in their experiences with car accidents.
B) Ginger makes a primary appraisal and Mary Ann makes a secondary appraisal.
C) Ginger makes a stressful appraisal and Mary Ann makes an arousal appraisal.
D) Ginger makes a threat appraisal and Mary Ann makes a challenge appraisal.

Question 24

A stressful appraisal with a threat interpretation indicates that:

A) there is a psychosomatic symptom
B) there is potential for personal growth
C) you have experienced harm/loss
D) you are anticipating harm/loss

Question 25

Which type of appraisal elicits positive emotions,such as exhilaration?

A) a challenge appraisal
B) a fight appraisal
C) an arousal appraisal
D) a threat appraisal

Question 26

Sharon and Claire are watching a movie about an ill-fated love affair.Sharon has just experienced the breakup of a long-term relationship and finds herself identifying with the main character of the movie.Claire has had no serious relationships and watches the movie for its artistic merit.According to Lazarus's view on appraisal:

A) neither Sharon nor Claire should experience stress from the movie
B) both Sharon and Claire will find the movie stressful
C) Sharon will find the movie stressful, but Claire will not
D) Claire will find the movie stressful, but Sharon will not

Question 27

You are taking a course in which the instructor keeps telling you that tests and quizzes are opportunities to demonstrate your understanding of the material.The instructor is attempting to elicit what kind of appraisal?

A) irrelevant appraisal
B) harm/loss appraisal
C) challenge appraisal
D) threat appraisal

Question 28

According to the discussion on appraisal,one reason why harm/loss appraisals are stressful is that they:

A) elicit negative emotions
B) cause us to avoid stressful situations
C) elicit negative and positive emotions
D) cause physical damage

Question 29

Based upon the textbook,which is the single most important variable in determining if a particular situation is stressful for you?

A) how you appraise the situation
B) the length of time you are in the situation
C) the situation itself
D) how other people are reacting to the situation

Question 30

Imagine that you have been caught cheating on a test,and you feel your hands trembling.Which appraisal are you most likely to make?

A) a harm/loss appraisal
B) a resistance appraisal
C) a challenge appraisal
D) an alarm appraisal

Question 31

After spending the weekend at home,you find driving back to school very stressful.The roads are very icy and there is snow blowing,reducing your visibility.Foremost in your mind is the certainty of sliding into the ditch.You're probably making a ____ appraisal.

A) positive
B) harm/loss
C) threat
D) challenge

Question 32

A threat appraisal automatically triggers:

A) parasympathetic division activity
B) frustration
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) the fight-flight response

Question 33

If the resources in your body are being directed toward your muscles and brain in addition to the other changes that prepare your body for action,you are experiencing the:

A) stress syndrome
B) fight-flight response
C) activation stage
D) automaton response

Question 34

According to Module 21,why might two people who are in the same situation have different levels of stress?

A) one is experiencing sympathetic activation and the other is experiencing flight-fight response
B) one experiences the fight-flight response, the other has an increase in sympathetic activity
C) one engages in primary appraisal, the other does not
D) differences in the kind of primary appraisal

Question 35

Which of the following situations would be most likely to elicit a threat appraisal?

A) being offered a better job in a new, exciting city
B) being trapped in a room without light and a fear of the dark
C) being in an auto accident and getting hurt
D) being able to rescue a stranded motorist and feeling proud

Question 36

Juan's grades this semester are terrible.He runs the risk of being suspended from school.Juan believes that it is just a matter of time before the suspension occurs.Juan has more than likely made a ____ appraisal.

A) threat
B) challenge
C) positive
D) harm/loss

Question 37

In a novel you're reading,the three main characters find themselves in a stressful situation.Greg is experiencing a challenge appraisal,Peter a harm/loss appraisal,and Bobby a threat appraisal.Which one of the characters is most likely to experience the least stress?

A) Greg
B) Peter
C) Bobby
D) there would be no differences

Question 38

In the power saw study described in Module 21,which group experienced more arousal and why?

A) those that were told to think of ways that the accidents could have been prevented because they made a challenge appraisal
B) those that were told to think of ways that the accidents could have been prevented because they made a threat appraisal
C) those that were told to put themselves in the place of the accident victims because they made a threat appraisal
D) those that were told to put themselves in the place of the accident victims because they made a challenge appraisal

Question 39

What effect do harm/loss and threat appraisals have that challenge appraisals do not?

A) an increase in the activity of the parasympathetic division
B) lower physiological arousal
C) a triggering of physiological arousal
D) higher levels of negative emotion

Question 40

You are a research subject in an experiment.A computer next to you measures your physiological arousal.You notice that there is a sensor attached to your palm.What must this computer be measuring?

A) palmar index
B) galvanic skin response
C) cephalopalmaric response
D) general adaptation response

Question 41

A woman's response to stress may be described as:

A) "fight and flee"
B) "use and peruse"
C) "tend and befriend"
D) "brief and debrief"

Question 42

Kevin is an emergency room nurse who experiences a great deal of stress.He has developed stomach problems that cause him great pain.His doctor has diagnosed an ulcer.In this example,the ulcer may be a:

A) hypochondriac symptom
B) psychosomatic symptom
C) resistance symptom
D) defense mechanism

Question 43

The physiological changes associated with the fight-flight response are caused by the ____ nervous system.

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) central

Question 44

The stress-fighting hormone released from the pituitary gland is called:

A) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
B) acetylcholine
C) dopamine
D) serotonin

Question 45

You visit your family doctor,complaining of migraine headaches.The doctor says that your headaches are psychosomatic.He further explains that that means your headaches are just imagined and are not real.So he tells you to go home and stop worrying.Given your knowledge of stress,you correctly conclude:

A) migraine headaches are only psychological
B) your doctor doesn't know what he is talking about
C) your doctor is well-trained
D) your doctor's definition of psychosomatic is correct, but he should have given you some medication

Question 46

Brad is about to give his first piano recital.If his fight-flight response is activated,he will experience all of the following except:

A) increased heart rate
B) increased release of ACTH
C) decreased blood pressure
D) decreased digestive system activity

Question 47

What part of the body releases glycogen (blood sugar)to provide a source of energy during stress?

A) liver
B) hypothalamus
C) pituitary
D) adrenal medulla

Question 48

The fight-flight response results in:

A) cognitive coping devices
B) increased energy to deal with threatening situations
C) psychosomatic symptoms
D) reduction in corticoid levels

Question 49

Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____.

A) arousal; relaxation
B) relaxation; arousal
C) intellectual; emotional
D) mind; body

Question 50

The part of the body that releases ACTH in the fight-flight response is the:

A) liver
B) hypothalamus
C) pituitary gland
D) adrenal medulla

Question 51

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system:

A) calms the body down
B) aids in digestion
C) secretes a group of hormones called corticoids
D) prepares the body to deal with danger

Question 52

As a family practice physician,you estimate that about 70% of the patients you see at the clinic have stress-related problems.Is your experience usual?

A) yes-about 25% of patients seen in general practice have stress-related problems
B) yes-less than 10% of patients seen in general practice have stress-related problems
C) no-about 85% to 95% of patients seen in general practice have stress-related problems
D) yes-about 60% to 90% of patients seen in general practice have stress-related problems

Question 53

Psychosomatic symptoms are:

A) real physical symptoms that are caused by psychological factors
B) imagined physical ailments
C) real physical symptoms that are caused by defense mechanisms
D) symptomatic of Type B personalities

Question 54

What is responsible for calming the body down and returning it to a more relaxed state?

A) the endocrine system
B) the exhaustion stage
C) the parasympathetic division
D) the general adaptation syndrome

Question 55

When activated by the sympathetic division,the adrenal medulla produces:

A) glycogen and dopamine
B) adrenaline and norepinephrine
C) ACTH and dopamine
D) glucose and glycogen

Question 56

The ____ releases epinephrine in the fight-flight response.

A) liver
B) hypothalamus
C) pituitary
D) adrenal medulla

Question 57

What role does the hypothalamus play in the activation of the fight-flight response?

A) It releases dopamine into the blood stream.
B) It transfers sensory information to the stress centers of the brain.
C) It triggers the pituitary gland to release a stress-fighting hormone.
D) It activates the parasympathetic division.

Question 58

An explanation of gender differences in responding to stress is that:

A) women need to gather belongings while men need to fight
B) women need to nurture their children while men need to fight to protect their family
C) women need to share their feelings while men need to protect their family
D) women need to gather belongings while men need to share their feelings

Question 59

The part of the brain that is initially activated when a situation is appraised as threatening is the:

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) adrenal medulla
D) putamen

Question 60

During stress our pupils are:

A) constricted
B) dilated
C) bathed in ACTH
D) less aroused

Question 61

According to the general adaptation syndrome,our initial reaction to stress with the fight-flight response is called the ____ stage.

A) psychosomatic
B) alarm
C) primary
D) exhaustion

Question 62

Todd has been "stressed-out" for so long that he has developed an ulcer.Todd must be in the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) resistance
B) exhaustion
C) alarm
D) degeneration

Question 63

The idea that our thoughts,beliefs,and emotions can cause physiological changes is called:

A) psychosomatic association
B) associationism
C) mind-body connection
D) functionalism

Question 64

Danielle is a lawyer and has been in a very stressful trial for some time now.Following her initial reaction to the trial,what do we know about Danielle's physical health at this time?

A) Her heart rate has probably been below normal for almost two weeks.
B) Her epinephrine levels have probably been below normal for almost two weeks.
C) Her body's energy stores have continued to be depleted for most of the trial.
D) She is unlikely to experience physical symptoms of stress in the near future.

Question 65

Which of the following is characteristic of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A) the weakening of the immune system
B) the activation of the fight-flight response
C) feeling healthy and energetic
D) the body returning to normal levels of functioning

Question 66

Brad has been under a lot stress for a considerable amount of time.If Brad is in the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome,what should he be experiencing?

A) a slow draining of energy
B) serious psychosomatic symptoms
C) symptoms of hypochondriasis
D) nothing, Brad should feel healthy

Question 67

In what stage of the general adaptation syndrome is there a breakdown to internal organs and/or weakening of the immune system?

A) resistance
B) exhaustion
C) alarm
D) degeneration

Question 68

During the ____ stage of the general adaptation syndrome,the body is using large amounts of energy.

A) resistance
B) alarm
C) primary
D) exhaustion

Question 69

The development of psychosomatic symptoms depends on several factors.Which of the following is not among the factors,as presented in the textbook?

A) having a genetic predisposition
B) having an unhealthy lifestyle
C) having a tendency to make threat appraisals
D) making a challenge appraisal

Question 70

Trent is working on a major presentation for one of his company's clients and is under a lot of stress.He has been working late every night and eating poorly.At first,he experienced a number of physical symptoms such as stomachaches and headaches,but in the last week the symptoms have disappeared.Assuming that the stress is still present,Trent is probably in what phase of general adaptation syndrome?

A) accommodation
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 71

Selye found that continuing stress affects the body:

A) by creating physical symptoms that are only in one's "head" but still are painful
B) by reducing the effectiveness of the immune system
C) by creating imaginary symptoms
D) in the form of physical symptoms

Question 72

Dee says to Maggie,"Don't fret about losing that scholarship.If you worry about it,you could make yourself sick." This best illustrates the:

A) mind-body connection
B) unconscious motivation
C) psychosomatic association
D) psychodynamic thought

Question 73

The ____ describes the body's reaction to stressful situations as a series of three stages.

A) global adaptation syndrome
B) general adaptation syndrome
C) mind-body connection model
D) locus of control model

Question 74

Research has found that people who were experiencing high stress and presumably in the resistance and exhaustion stages were at increased risk for physical health problems.This best demonstrates:

A) unconscious conflicts
B) classical conditioning
C) mind-body connection
D) unconscious motivation

Question 75

Rick is about to be married.He knows he is doing the right thing,but he is very anxious about meeting his fiancée's parents and about his ability to be a good husband.This stress has been continuing for a while.If Rick experiences the third stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome,what may happen on his honeymoon?

A) Rick may experience a great emotional release.
B) Rick may get physically ill.
C) Rick may take out his pent-up frustrations on his new bride.
D) Rick may realize that all his anxiety was foolish and relax.

Question 76

Research has found that people who were experiencing high stress and were presumably in resistance and exhaustion stages were at increased risk for:

A) physical health problems
B) internal locus of control
C) hardiness
D) classical conditioning

Question 77

The three parts of Selye's general adaptation syndrome are:

A) perception, response, and recovery
B) perception, interpretation, and flight
C) alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
D) adaptation, modification, and adoption

Question 78

Amanda has just received some terrible news.Now there is a surge of stress hormones in her body,which is affecting the functioning of her heart.She has experienced what researchers call:

A) Type D syndrome
B) alarm stage
C) broken heart syndrome
D) burnout

Question 79

Just before her turn to play at a piano recital,Naomi feels her heart rate accelerating and her face flushing.According to Selye,Naomi is in what stage of general adaptation to stress?

A) psychosomatic
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 80

One of the most common psychosomatic symptoms is:

A) thinking you are ill when, in fact, you are not
B) fidgeting
C) hyperactivity
D) stomach problems