Deck 23: Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Question 1

A psychologist is working with a person who has been diagnosed as having major depression.The person rarely talks during their sessions.Then,on one visit,the person begins to talk very rapidly,describing,with great enthusiasm,elaborate plans that are not at all realistic.It would be reasonable for the psychologist to conclude that the:

A) person is near recovery
B) depression was less severe than was originally diagnosed
C) person is actually suffering from schizophrenia
D) depression is actually bipolar disorder

Answer 1

depression is actually bipolar disorder

Question 2

The example of Chuck Elliot in the textbook suggests that:

A) clozapine is effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder
B) mental disorders can affect anyone, regardless of their talents, education, and intelligence
C) schizophrenia runs in families
D) psychoactive drugs have undesirable side effects

Answer 2

mental disorders can affect anyone, regardless of their talents, education, and intelligence

Question 3

Hank suffers from a prolonged and disturbed emotional state.He could be diagnosed as having a(n):

A) maladaptive disorder
B) stress disorder
C) schizophrenic disorder
D) mood disorder

Answer 3

mood disorder

Question 4

Why does Chuck Elliot stop taking his medication for his manic episodes?

A) The medication slows him down.
B) The medication causes too much energy.
C) The medication leads to sleeplessness.
D) The medication gives him headaches.

Question 5

The cases of Chuck Elliot and Michael McCabe presented in the module illustrate:

A) the role that genetics play in mental disorders
B) the failure of drug treatment of mental disorders
C) how mental disorders can be debilitating
D) how serious mental disorders can heighten one's creativity

Question 6

What has allowed Michael McCabe,who was diagnosed with schizophrenia,to be cared for by his mother Marsha?

A) He snapped out of schizophrenia.
B) His mother received special sensitivity training.
C) He received a prefrontal lobotomy.
D) He was put on a new antipsychotic drug, clozapine.

Question 7

Bipolar disorder differs from major depression in that:

A) bipolar disorder involves periods of mania
B) bipolar disorder involves depression caused by two distinct sources
C) major disorder is less common
D) bipolar disorder is often complicated by further emotions, such as guilt

Question 8

Exaggerated energy,enthusiasm,and elation are characteristic of:

A) dysthymia
B) mania
C) somatoform disorders
D) schizoid personality disorder

Question 9

The case of singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow illustrates that ____ can affect anyone,regardless of fame or talent.

A) OCD
B) alcoholism
C) depression
D) anxiety

Question 10

If you randomly meet 100 people today,how many will have a lifetime episode of major depression?

A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32

Question 11

A loss of energy,lack of interest and pleasure in usual activities,negative self-concept,and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide are common symptoms of:

A) major depression
B) schizophrenia disorder
C) somatization disorder
D) conversion disorder

Question 12

Of the following,which is the best way to describe bipolar I disorder?

A) "long plains and high peaks"
B) "different types of rocks with different shapes and colors, but still rocks"
C) "long plains followed by low valleys, followed by long plains"
D) "high peaks and low valleys, high peaks and low valleys"

Question 13

David has been in a bad mood for three weeks.He just stays in bed,doesn't take care of himself,has thoughts of suicide,and feels utterly useless.David's parents can't understand why he just can't snap out of it.David is experiencing:

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) dysthymic disorder
C) major depressive disorder
D) bipolar I disorder

Question 14

What does the research say about the gender difference in major depressive disorder?

A) An equal percentage of males and females have major depressive disorder.
B) A higher percentage of males have major depressive disorder.
C) A higher percentage of females have major depressive disorder.
D) It is impossible to say, because gender data on major depressive disorder is not collected.

Question 15

A psychologist is seeing a client who always talks fast,seems to have incredible energy,makes grandiose plans that would be impossible to carry out,and seems to "bounce off the walls." If this person never shows signs of depression,he is likely to be suffering from:

A) bipolar I disorder
B) somatoform disorder
C) mania
D) hysteria

Question 16

What disorder consists of fluctuations between episodes of depression and mania?

A) bipolar II disorder
B) major depression
C) dysthymia
D) bipolar I disorder

Question 17

After being rejected by all of the medical schools to which she applied,Melanie developed a sad and dejected mood.She had difficulty sleeping,ate much less than normal,no longer took interest in the hobbies and activities that once gave her pleasure,and felt that she was worthless.Melanie would be diagnosed as suffering from:

A) bipolar I disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) a manic episode
D) dissociative disorder

Question 18

The most common forms of mood disorders are:

A) bipolar I disorder, schizophrenic disorder, minor depressive disorder
B) seasonal affective disorder, minor depressive disorder, postpartum depression
C) major depressive disorder, minor depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder
D) major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder

Question 19

When Michael McCabe was first diagnosed with schizophrenia,he:

A) attempted suicide
B) had many personalities
C) was having auditory hallucinations-he heard voices
D) was receiving electroconvulsive therapy

Question 20

A prolonged and disturbed emotional state that impairs multiple aspects of a person's functioning is known as:

A) agoraphobia
B) a mood disorder
C) a somatization disorder
D) a conversion disorder

Question 21

Zoe was adopted several years ago.Her adoptive mother was recently diagnosed with depression.Knowing Zoe's biological parents have no history of depression,what effect does her adoptive mother's diagnosis have on Zoe's risk of developing depression?

A) Zoe's risk does not change.
B) She is only at risk if her adoptive mother was diagnosed with bipolar depression.
C) Zoe is at increased risk
D) Zoe is at a decreased risk.

Question 22

Beck argues that depression results from:

A) negative ways of thinking
B) a chemical imbalance in the brain
C) unfulfilled self-actualization
D) unresolved unconscious conflicts regarding inappropriate sexual desires

Question 23

Zach and Jack are identical twins.When examining depression rates,how much can each twin's susceptibility be explained by genetics?

A) less than 5%
B) 10%-15%
C) 40%-60%
D) 70%-80%

Question 24

"I've been feeling down for a long time now.I guess that's just the way I am." This comment best illustrates:

A) bipolar I disorder
B) dysthymic disorder
C) major depression
D) seasonal affective disorder

Question 25

When the anterior cingulate cortex becomes overactive,what then occurs in depressed patients?

A) Negative emotions overwhelm thinking and emotion.
B) Phenothiazines are released in massive quantities in the brain.
C) Thinking becomes clearer.
D) Mood improves significantly.

Question 26

You are a neuropsychologist studying depression.You are looking at the computerized brain photos of depressed individuals.You conclude that a particular part of the brain of depressed people is overactive.What is this brain part?

A) hypothalamus
B) anterior cingulate cortex
C) amygdala
D) cerebellum

Question 27

What occurred when researchers electrically stimulated the brain of depressed people who did not benefit from drugs or electroconvulsive therapy?

A) Their depression became more intense.
B) Their mood improved, but depressive thinking increased.
C) There was reduced activity in the anterior cingulate cortex.
D) They became more suicidal.

Question 28

Why is there interest in the role psychosocial factors play in mood disorders?

A) Most federal research money is targeted for the study of psychosocial causes of mental disorders.
B) Studies have thoroughly concluded that biology only plays a very minor role.
C) Psychosocial factors interact with biological factors to create a predisposition for developing mood disorders.
D) A great majority of bipolar patients do not respond at all to drug treatment.

Question 29

The genetics research on depression suggests that:

A) one gene is responsible for producing the risk for mood disorders
B) a combination of genes produces the risk for mood disorders
C) genetics play little, if any, role in mood disorders
D) environmental factors play little, if any, role in mood disorders

Question 30

A psychologist asks a depressed patient about his personality traits,ability to deal with stress,and his social support.The psychologist is focusing on ____ factors in depression.

A) unconscious
B) psychodynamic
C) psychopathic
D) psychosocial

Question 31

Recent research examining the role of mothers in their children's susceptibility for depression found that:

A) depressed mothers significantly increase their children's risk
B) depressed mothers significantly increase their children's risk only when the father is also depressed
C) depressed mothers significantly decrease their children's risk
D) mothers play no significant role

Question 32

A less serious form of major depression is called:

A) dysfunctional mood disorder
B) abbreviated mood disorder
C) dysthymic disorder
D) bipolar II disorder

Question 33

With regard to mood disorders,personality traits play a significant role in determining:

A) the depth of depression
B) the height of mania
C) frequency of depression
D) one's risk of becoming depressed

Question 34

A book entitled ____ focuses on the genetic,neurological,and physiological factors related to mood disorders.

A) Failing to Self-Actualize: The Mood Disorders
B) Mood Disorders: The Biological Factors
C) Cognitive Theories of Mood Disorders
D) Unconscious Conflicts in Mood Disorders

Question 35

What kind of personality is more vulnerable to depression when a person loses a close relationship or friendship?

A) a socially dependent personality
B) an achievement personality
C) a schizoid personality
D) an ego personality

Question 36

A psychologist is working with a person who has been diagnosed as having bipolar I disorder.When the psychologist looks at the clinical history of the blood relatives of this person,she would not be surprised to find:

A) that there is evidence of similar symptoms being displayed in the person's relatives
B) that there is no evidence whatsoever of depressive symptoms in the relatives
C) if there is evidence of depression or mania-it is no more likely to be found in blood relatives than it is in close friends of the family
D) that there is evidence of other genetic problems, such as Down syndrome

Question 37

Which of the following is best described by sayings like "making a mountain out of a mole hill" and "crying over spilled milk" in explaining depression?

A) the role of monoamines
B) psychosocial factors
C) immaturity of the prefrontal cortex
D) socially dependent personality

Question 38

Dysthymic disorder differs from major depression in that dysthymic disorder:

A) has a briefer duration
B) is associated with less serious symptoms
C) does not involve problems with sleep and appetite
D) is more intense and has a greater negative effect on normal functioning

Question 39

What group of neurotransmitters has been implicated in mood disorders,according to the textbook?

A) tetracyclics
B) phenothiazines
C) monoamines
D) biamines

Question 40

Derek has complained that he is "down in the dumps." Which of the following is Derek most likely to suffer from?

A) dysthymic disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) bipolar I disorder
D) somatization disorder

Question 41

The most common category of medication prescribed in the United States is:

A) antidepressant drugs
B) antianxiety drugs
C) antipsychotic drugs
D) antibiotic drugs

Question 42

Bonnie,who is severely depressed,is scheduled to receive ECT.If hers is similar to typical cases that call for the use of ECT,how many sessions per week can she expect?

A) one
B) three
C) five
D) seven

Question 43

What action does lithium have on the nervous system in the treatment of bipolar I disorder?

A) prevents serotonin reuptake
B) increases serotonin reuptake
C) prevents neurons from becoming overstimulated
D) increases the production of serotonin

Question 44

Lyle is depressed because he ties his worth into what others think of him.Given the research described in the textbook,what type of personality is Lyle likely to have?

A) ego personality
B) achievement personality
C) borderline personality
D) socially dependent personality

Question 45

If you randomly pick 100 people,how many are likely to be on some kind of antidepressant medication?

A) .1
B) 5
C) 10
D) 18

Question 46

Steve has recovered from depression and discontinued his drug treatment.What are the odds that he will relapse in the next 18 months?

A) 5%
B) 30%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 47

Anders is placed on an antidepressant drug.His psychiatrist says something about the drug being some type of inhibitor.Anders looks up some information about the drug and finds that it is a:

A) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
B) general acetylcholine enzyme inhibitor
C) benzodiazepine inhibitor
D) haldol inhibitor

Question 48

The primary disorder that is treated by electroconvulsive therapy is:

A) bipolar I disorder
B) social phobia
C) substance abuse
D) major depression

Question 49

Of all the medications for depression,which one is the most effective?

A) Prozac
B) Zoloft
C) no one antidepressant has been found to be the most effective at the group level
D) lithium

Question 50

One commonly used drug treatment for bipolar depression is:

A) Valium
B) tricyclic therapy
C) MAOIs
D) lithium

Question 51

Most of the drugs used to treat depression are:

A) addictive
B) naturally occurring minerals such as lithium
C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
D) tricylics

Question 52

What effect do antidepressants have on the monoamines?

A) They increase the levels of monoamines.
B) They decrease the levels of monoamines.
C) They change the type of monoamines in the nervous system.
D) They destroy all traces of monoamines.

Question 53

Antidepressants can take up to ____ before they have the desired effect.

A) 3 days
B) 7 days
C) 8 weeks
D) 12 weeks

Question 54

In treating depression,psychotherapy when compared to drugs:

A) reduces relapse
B) increases relapse
C) increases suicide risk
D) reduces mania

Question 55

Ray is moderately depressed.Based on the research,his best choice of treatment is:

A) either psychotherapy or SSRI drugs, since both are equally effective
B) psychotherapy
C) SSRI drugs
D) lithium

Question 56

The proper name for the technique known as "shock treatment" is ____ therapy.

A) electroconvulsive
B) tricyclic antidepressant
C) catecholamine elevation
D) lithium

Question 57

What percentage of patients with bipolar I disorder receive little or no help from taking lithium?

A) 20%
B) 30-60%
C) 70%
D) 80%

Question 58

A psychiatrist is seeing a person who is seriously depressed and has attempted suicide.The person was taking antidepressant medication for months with no relief of the symptoms.It is possible that the psychiatrist will consider which of the following as the next treatment?

A) cognitive-behavior therapy
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) tricyclic therapy
D) interpersonal therapy

Question 59

The majority of drugs used to treat depression act on:

A) dopamines
B) monoamines
C) benzodiazepines
D) phenothiazines

Question 60

Vernea is severely depressed.Her best option for treatment is

A) psychotherapy
B) a combination of psychotherapy and SSRI drugs
C) SSRI drugs
D) lithium

Question 61

Jenna has had enough of Cory,her roommate.Cory seems to be able to be kind and mean at the same time.Cory says that she is afraid of losing Jenna as a friend and then showers her with praise and gifts.Cory seems to be showing the signs of a(n)____ personality disorder.

A) anxiety
B) borderline
C) dependent
D) traumatic

Question 62

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a personality disorder?

A) being unpopular
B) maladaptiveness
C) inflexibility
D) impaired functioning

Question 63

A type of cognitive behavior therapy called ____ may be the most effective treatment for borderline personality disorder.

A) dialogue behavior therapy
B) dialectical behavior therapy
C) rational emotive therapy
D) systematic desensitization

Question 64

When studying the brains of individuals with borderline personality disorder,scans indicate that the brain areas involved in ____ are underactive.

A) controlling emotional responses
B) organization
C) integrating visual information with touch
D) anger

Question 65

Brihana lacks self-control and often finds herself in dangerous situations.She can have intense and unpredictable bursts of emotion.She has even hurt herself by cutting.You would be accurate if you suggested that Brihana shows the characteristics of:

A) histrionic personality disorder
B) schizotypal personality disorder
C) dependent personality disorder
D) borderline personality disorder

Question 66

On the surface,Chuck is a charming,intelligent,good-looking individual.Yet he constantly lies,has no sense of responsibility,is reckless,feels no guilt when his actions harm others,and never learns from his mistakes.If Chuck's behavior is considered abnormal,he would most likely be diagnosed as having a(n):

A) antisocial personality
B) narcissistic personality
C) dissociative disorder
D) schizoid disorder

Question 67

Thelma has had severe depression for many years.She has used SSRI drugs,undergone psychotherapy,and had ECT.But nothing has worked.What is the last option for Thelma that holds the most promise?

A) removal of limbic system
B) endorphin treatment
C) transcranial magnetic stimulation
D) a radical cerebrectomy

Question 68

Victor received ECT for his severe depression.He is experiencing memory loss for the events before and after the treatment.What can be reasonably expected with regard to his loss of memory?

A) Those memories are lost forever.
B) His memory will deteriorate with more treatments and the loss will be permanent.
C) It is not known what will happen, since Victor's problem with memory loss is very rare.
D) He will show gradual improvement and his memory will likely return to normal.

Question 69

If you visit Laura,you will find a very clean organized house.Everything has its place,and if you move an object,Laura will be distressed.She is rigid and tries to control everything.Of the following personality disorders,which one best describes Laura?

A) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
B) dependent personality disorder
C) histrionic personality disorder
D) schizotypal personality disorder

Question 70

Jack feels discomfort in developing close relationships and is somewhat odd in his behavior.If Jack has a mental disorder,it would probably be classified as:

A) schizophrenia
B) agoraphobia
C) bipolar I disorder
D) schizotypal personality disorder

Question 71

In studies examining the brains of individuals with borderline personality disorder,the results indicate that the brain area known as the _____ is overactive.

A) hypothalamus
B) amygdala
C) hippocampus
D) thalamus

Question 72

One side effect of ECT is:

A) loss of personality
B) loss of emotional responses
C) an inability to learn new material
D) memory loss

Question 73

A person complains that he has few friends.It is discovered that this is because he is cold and aloof in relationships,and takes criticism poorly.He has been this way for as long as he or anyone he knows can remember.If this is diagnosed as being abnormal,the DSM-IV-TR category would probably be a ____ disorder.

A) affective
B) schizophrenic
C) personality
D) dissociative

Question 74

An individual with inflexible,longstanding,and maladaptive traits that cause significantly impaired functioning in one's personal and social life would be diagnosed with a:

A) somatoform disorder
B) schizophrenic disorder
C) personality disorder
D) conversion disorder

Question 75

A person with a personality disorder who is sometimes referred to as a psychopath can be diagnosed with:

A) paranoid personality disorder
B) schizotypal personality disorder
C) antisocial personality disorder
D) histrionic personality disorder

Question 76

Franklin has been treated with electroconvulsive therapy.What are the chances that he will need additional antidepressant treatment?

A) less than 1%
B) 25%
C) 35%
D) 50%

Question 77

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)may be preferred over ECT as a treatment for depression since TMS:

A) does not require anesthesia
B) triggers seizures on only one side of the body
C) causes memory loss for only the moments before and after treatment
D) is likely to be covered by insurance

Question 78

Electroconvulsive therapy has been effective in ____ of depressed patients.

A) 10-25%
B) 30-35%
C) 40-50%
D) 70-90%

Question 79

What percentage of prisoners in the United States has an antisocial personality disorder?

A) 2%
B) 8-12%
C) 50-80%
D) 90-95%

Question 80

If a person has an intense interest in order,achieving perfection,and having control,then that individual might have:

A) schizophrenia
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
D) schizotypal personality disorder