Deck 24: Therapies

Question 1

What case played an important role in the development of behavior therapy?

A) Little Albert
B) Phineas Gage
C) Sybil
D) Anna O.

Answer 1

Little Albert

Question 2

Dorothea Dix's efforts were important in the development of:

A) antipsychotic drugs
B) the tranquilizing chair
C) institutionalization
D) moral therapy

Answer 2

moral therapy

Question 3

By what mechanism did Little Albert come to fear a white rat?

A) inferiority complex
B) failure to fulfill deficiency needs
C) classical conditioning
D) unresolved conflicts

Answer 3

classical conditioning

Question 4

It is the late 1700s,and you are a colleague of Dr.Benjamin Rush.He invites you into his study to show his therapeutic tool to calm patients down.What does he show you?

A) an antianxiety drug
B) a straitjacket
C) the "tranquilizing chair"
D) an herbal blend

Question 5

The case of Little Albert was important in the development of:

A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) behavior therapy
D) client-centered therapy

Question 6

Anna O.'s case is important,because it reflects Freud's premise that:

A) emotional problems originate in the unconscious
B) Americans will pay money to have someone listen to their problems
C) emotional problems are conditioned
D) thoughts play no role in psychological problems

Question 7

What happened to Anna's symptoms when she recalled her painful past experiences in therapy?

A) They disappeared for a time, but reemerged as different symptoms.
B) Her symptoms disappeared.
C) Her hallucinations intensified.
D) She had to be committed to a mental hospital.

Question 8

The typical treatment of individuals with schizophrenia from the 15th to 18th centuries was:

A) bloodletting
B) exorcism and trephination
C) confinement to asylums or hospitals
D) phenothiazines

Question 9

During the middle ages,schizophrenic individuals were called:

A) schizophrenics
B) neurotics
C) lunatics
D) idiots

Question 10

"Let us take these mental patients and treat them with dignity and give them a relaxed and decent environment." This approach to treatment is known as:

A) psychoanalysis
B) moral therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) desensitization

Question 11

The case of Anna O.allowed Freud to:

A) develop his treatment approach called psychoanalysis
B) see how incorrect his treatment ideas were
C) test his new technique called systematic desensitization
D) conduct experiments on hysteria

Question 12

Dr.Benjamin Rush tried to cure patients by:

A) teaching them coping skills
B) analyzing their dreams
C) injecting them with neuroleptic drugs
D) drawing large amounts of blood over a period of time from patients

Question 13

What did Dorothea Dix do for the treatment of mental patients during the 1800s?

A) She fought for humane treatment and moral therapy.
B) She argued that mental patients could be treated in their homes.
C) She began the process of deinstitutionalization.
D) She developed the country's first psychiatric hospital.

Question 14

The case of Little Albert demonstrated that:

A) emotional problems may develop through conditioning
B) manifest content is related to latent content
C) serotonin may play a role in fear
D) unconscious conflicts can lead to emotional problems

Question 15

Verbal interaction between the therapist and client,a supportive relationship,and analysis of the client's experiences are the three characteristics of:

A) psychotherapy
B) deinstitutionalization
C) meta-analysis
D) transference

Question 16

Little Albert was conditioned to:

A) sit in a trance-like state
B) fear a white rat
C) unlearn his fear of a rat
D) be unresponsive to a rat

Question 17

Freud believed that Anna's symptoms were caused by:

A) a conditioned emotional reaction
B) low self-efficacy
C) strong, primitive unconscious sexual desires
D) a hormonal dysfunction

Question 18

If you were diagnosed with schizophrenia in the 1600s,you would probably be:

A) put in a straitjacket or chained to a wall
B) treated humanely
C) treated at a community mental health center
D) treated with Thorazine

Question 19

Which psychologist conditioned Little Albert to fear a rat?

A) Aaron Beck
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Carl Rogers
D) John Watson

Question 20

What case played an important role in the development of psychoanalysis?

A) Little Albert
B) Phineas Gage
C) Sybil
D) Anna O.

Question 21

If a newspaper article was written describing Dorothea Dix's contribution to reforming the care of mental patients,what would be the most appropriate title?

A) "Dix Fights for Cognitive Behavior Therapy"
B) "Dix Argues for Community Mental Health Centers to Be Built"
C) "Dix Advocates Bloodletting for Treatment"
D) "Dix: Working to Provide Humane Treatment"

Question 22

The term deinstitutionalization refers to:

A) moving mental patients from the prisons into mental hospitals
B) the dramatic increase in the number of mental patients during the 1950s
C) offering low-cost mental health care to a community
D) releasing mental patients from mental hospitals and returning them to the community

Question 23

The initial use of chlorpromazine was to:

A) lower blood pressure
B) treat epilepsy
C) calm down a patient before surgery
D) treat the side effects of ECT

Question 24

Which of the following is an accurate representation of the life of a mental patient in the early 1900s?

A) Mental patients were sentenced to prison.
B) Hospitals sold tickets so that people could come and observe the behavior of mental patients.
C) Mental patients were kept in huge, overcrowded hospitals with little supervision.
D) Hospitals used drug therapy to treat mental patients.

Question 25

In 1950,there were ____ patients in mental hospitals.In 1970,there were ____ patients in mental hospitals.

A) 1,000,000; 555,000
B) 555,000; 750,000
C) 550,000; 150,000
D) 100,000; 5,000

Question 26

Of the following historical figures,who is most responsible for introducing drugs into the treatment of mental disorders?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Henri Laborit
C) Benjamin Rush
D) Francine Shapiro

Question 27

Who is most closely associated with the moral treatment movement?

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Aaron Beck
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Carl Rogers

Question 28

Peaking in the 1950s,psychoanalysis was more effective in treating ____ than ____.

A) less serious disorders; more serious disorders
B) males; females
C) middle-class patients; lower-class patients
D) psychosis; neurosis

Question 29

The ____ are a group of drugs that reduce the effects of the neurotransmitter dopamine,and are used to reduce schizophrenic symptoms,such as hallucinations and delusions.

A) bioamines
B) catacholamines
C) monoamines
D) phenothiazines

Question 30

What percentage of Americans experience a mental disorder at some time in a year?

A) 3%
B) 17%
C) 26%
D) 39%

Question 31

In 2000,there were ____ patients in mental hospitals.Deinstitutionalization has ____ that number over the last 40 years.

A) 1,000,000; reduced
B) 10,000; reduced
C) 80,000; reduced
D) 100,000; increased

Question 32

Community mental health centers focus on:

A) early detection and prevention
B) conducting clinical research
C) intense psychoanalysis
D) anxiety disorders

Question 33

The phenothiazines are effective in reducing schizophrenic symptoms by:

A) reducing the size of brain ventricles
B) blocking or reducing the effects of dopamine
C) increasing the effects of dopamine
D) blocking or reducing the effects of hormones

Question 34

Who might have written,"These patients are humans.Thus we must treat them humanely.Let their stay with us be pleasant and relaxing?"

A) Benjamin Rush
B) Aaron Beck
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Dorothea Dix

Question 35

Marty requires some professional help,but cannot afford it.He should seek help at:

A) the nearest welfare office
B) his local community mental health center
C) the Department of Social Services
D) the nearest psychiatric hospital

Question 36

Professor White is writing a book to describe the mental hospitals of the late 1800s.Knowing what you do about that era,what title would you recommend to Professor White for her book?

A) Using Behavior Therapy in Mental Hospitals of the Late 1800s
B) Bloodletting as the Preferred Treatment in Mental Hospitals
C) Treatment for Mentally Disturbed Patients in the Late 1800s: Pleasant Settings
D) Snake Pits: "Caring" for the Mentally Ill in the Late 1800s

Question 37

Many former mental patients have ended up in the street as America's homeless.Which of the following is probably at least partially responsible?

A) the failures of psychoanalysis
B) moral treatment movement
C) community mental health centers
D) deinstitutionalization

Question 38

Community mental health centers are:

A) large mental hospitals that house hundreds of patients
B) half-way houses for mental patients
C) places for mental patients who do not need in-patient hospitalization
D) facilities that perform electric shock therapy

Question 39

The mental health system in the 1950s was marked by:

A) the development of the community mental health center
B) the development and use of antipsychotic drugs
C) an increase in the number of institutionalized mental patients
D) an increase in the severity of symptoms displayed by mental patients

Question 40

The goal of deinstitutionalization was to:

A) improve the training of mental health professionals
B) test a new form of psychotherapy
C) get patients back into the community
D) reduce the amount of money spent on mental patients

Question 41

An eclectic approach to psychotherapy involves using techniques that are:

A) unique to a particular therapist
B) determined by the personality of a particular therapist
C) borrowed from a number of different approaches
D) beneficial to a small number of patients only

Question 42

According to the textbook,what is a reason why so many individuals who need help do not seek it?

A) social stigma attached to having a mental disorder
B) difficulty recognizing the point at which people see they need help
C) most people know that no effective treatments exist for mental disorders
D) most disorders are so severe that the person loses touch with reality

Question 43

When should a person seek help for some psychological or behavioral problem?

A) When other people indicate that help should be sought.
B) When the problem starts to interfere with the person's daily functioning.
C) When thoughts of suicide first surface.
D) When many days of being depressed pass.

Question 44

Why is cognitive-behavior therapy considered eclectic?

A) The therapy places much more responsibility on the client than on the therapist.
B) It is based entirely on research.
C) It was developed from the school of thought known as Eclectrica
D) It combines elements from different therapeutic approaches.

Question 45

Anita is a junior in college and has been seeing a therapist at the university's health clinic because of feeling homesick.What is the most likely type of professional Anita is seeing?

A) psychiatrist
B) counseling psychologist
C) psychoanalyst
D) clinical social worker

Question 46

Jenny wants to be a therapist who focuses on people who have problems of living.You would suggest she investigate the career of:

A) psychiatrist
B) psychoanalyst
C) clinical social worker
D) counseling psychologist

Question 47

What was the result of a trial program in which clinical psychologists were trained to prescribe drugs?

A) Clinical psychologists should not be allowed to prescribe drugs, since very few MDs would be willing to train them.
B) Clinical psychologists should be allowed to prescribe drugs without any additional training.
C) Clinical psychologists who are properly trained can safely provide drug treatment.
D) Because of their theoretical orientation, clinical psychologists should not be allowed to prescribe drugs.

Question 48

The major difference between a clinical and a counseling psychologist is that:

A) clinical psychologists prescribe medication
B) clinical psychologists deal more with problems of living than with mental disorders
C) counseling psychologists place less emphasis on research
D) counseling psychologists place more emphasis on experimental methods and research

Question 49

How many Americans each year need help in dealing with different mental disorders,according to the American Psychological Association?

A) 2 million
B) 30 million
C) 50 million
D) 80 million

Question 50

Several states have passed laws that allow psychologists to prescribe drugs to treat mental disorders.What requirements do these laws make?

A) The psychologist must have a PhD.
B) The psychologist must have received advanced medical training.
C) The psychologist must have an MD degree.
D) The psychologist can only prescribe drugs for treating anxiety disorders.

Question 51

Which of the following type of therapists is most likely to have a PhD?

A) clinical psychologist
B) psychiatrist
C) social worker
D) neurologist

Question 52

The popularity of ____ has declined since the 1950s for a variety of reasons.

A) psychotherapy
B) antipsychotic drugs
C) psychoanalysis
D) the eclectic approach

Question 53

Karl is going to visit the local community mental health center.He is most likely to see a:

A) psychiatric nurse
B) psychoanalyst
C) psychiatrist
D) clinical psychologist

Question 54

In practice,most therapists:

A) adopt one technique early in their careers and rarely change
B) use a combination of approaches, rather than a single one
C) use one approach at a time, but shift between methods according to what is currently popular
D) have an approach of their own that does not resemble any of the classic approaches

Question 55

Which therapy applies the principles of learning to address the client's problems?

A) cognitive-behavior therapy
B) insight therapy
C) medical therapy
D) the gestalt approach

Question 56

What therapy focuses on the therapist and client talking about the client's symptoms and trying to identify the cause of the problem?

A) cognitive-behavior therapy
B) insight therapy
C) medical therapy
D) the eclectic approach

Question 57

Which therapy spends part of its focus on a client's thoughts?

A) behavior therapy
B) meta therapy
C) cognitive-behavior therapy
D) medical therapy

Question 58

Brett is visiting a psychiatrist,where he will receive psychotherapy.Is this typical?

A) yes; psychiatrists typically provide psychotherapy
B) no; psychiatrists are not trained to provide psychotherapy
C) no; less than 30% of visits to psychiatrists involve psychotherapy
D) maybe; about half of all visits to psychiatrists involve psychotherapy

Question 59

A therapist with an MD is most likely a:

A) neurologist
B) psychoanalyst
C) clinical psychologist
D) psychiatrist

Question 60

If Dr.Crane views psychological disorders as diseases to be treated with drugs,it is likely that Dr.Crane is:

A) a social worker
B) a psychiatrist
C) a clinical psychologist
D) a psychoanalyst

Question 61

When using meta-analysis to evaluate psychotherapy's effectiveness,the most improvement occurs in:

A) 1 to 12 sessions
B) 13 to 18 sessions
C) 19 to 24 sessions
D) 25 to 30 sessions

Question 62

Pauline is seeking therapy for her depression.One professional she visits says that he will use a variety of techniques from different therapeutic approaches.Since Pauline has taken an introductory psychology course,she correctly identifies this therapist to take a(n)____ approach to therapy.

A) client-centered
B) eclectic
C) cognitive
D) behavioral

Question 63

A person displays an uncontrollable fear of spiders.Freudian analysis would suggest that this fear stems from:

A) an unconscious conflict that manifests itself as a fear of spiders
B) a negative first-hand experience with spiders
C) seeing someone else have a negative experience with spiders
D) an expectation based on the archetypal symbol of spiders as evil

Question 64

Freud used techniques that would:

A) modify environmental consequences
B) polarize thinking in order to prevent rational emotive thoughts
C) censor unacceptable material
D) provide clues to unconscious conflicts and repressed thoughts

Question 65

____ therapy sometimes involves using psychoactive drugs to treat mental disorders.

A) Moral
B) Biomedical
C) Meta-analytical
D) Eclectic

Question 66

Dr.Dodson uses a variety of insight therapy techniques,along with some directive techniques from the cognitive-behavioral approach.Dr.Dodson sounds like he has a(n)____ approach to therapy.

A) moral movement
B) medical
C) meta-analytical
D) eclectic

Question 67

A psychoanalyst would view a phobia as a symptom of:

A) some unconscious conflict
B) an irrational belief
C) other anxieties in the person's life
D) a poorly learned behavior

Question 68

"My cousin has many maladaptive thoughts that probably arise from some unconscious thought or conflicts." According to Freud,this cousin experiences:

A) resistance
B) conditional positive regard
C) neuroses
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 69

Freud believed that his psychoanalytic techniques would lead to:

A) more rational thoughts
B) an emphasis on observable behavior
C) a reaction from the patient to see the therapist as a substitute parent, lover, or another significant other
D) changes in the serotonin levels

Question 70

A person decides to seek help through psychoanalysis.In the interactions between the person and the therapist,the therapist might use free association,which means the person is:

A) asked a series of specific questions regarding his or her childhood
B) given a number of specific suggestions regarding ways to improve his or her behavior
C) encouraged to say anything he or she chooses
D) taught ways to avoid harmful thoughts

Question 71

Meta-analysis is a procedure used to:

A) determine the effectiveness of some treatment across many studies
B) help the patient become aware of and understand the causes of his or her problem
C) identify which mental patients should be deinstitutionalized, and which should not
D) gradually expose a patient to a feared object while simultaneously practicing relaxation

Question 72

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

A) There is little significant difference between the different treatment approaches.
B) About 30-50% of clients who receive psychotherapy show great improvement.
C) Some forms of psychotherapy are no more effective than just being placed on a waiting list.
D) The most effective form of psychotherapy is psychoanalysis.

Question 73

Psychoanalysis argues that the primary reason for the development of psychological problems and mental disorders is:

A) irrational thoughts and beliefs
B) a poor learning history
C) unconscious conflicts
D) lack of unconditional positive regard in the person's life

Question 74

From a psychoanalyst's perspective,mental disorders are treated:

A) by unlearning conditioned emotional responses
B) as problems of living caused by societal inequities
C) by the patient gaining insight into his or her unconscious conflicts
D) using the principles of learning

Question 75

What therapeutic approach focuses on threatening thoughts and desires that lead to unconscious conflicts that create mental disorders?

A) psychoanalysis
B) client-centered therapy
C) cognitive therapy
D) behavior therapy

Question 76

Which of the following is not a technique developed by Freud as a part of psychoanalytic treatment?

A) progressive relaxation
B) free association
C) analysis of slips of the tongue
D) dream interpretation

Question 77

Your friend believes that psychotherapy is useless,and that emotional problems are just as likely to go away without treatment.You disagree,because evaluation studies have found that psychotherapy:

A) has an approximate success rate of 50 percent
B) is more effective than no treatment
C) is more effective than drug therapy
D) may be effective, because the patient expects it to be effective

Question 78

Freud believed that one of the essential requirements for improvement was the client's reaching:

A) a new consciousness of the needs of others
B) fulfillment of sexual fantasies
C) self-actualization
D) insight into the causes of the individual's problem

Question 79

Psychoanalysis was developed by:

A) John Watson
B) Carl Rogers
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Albert Ellis

Question 80

A primary assumption of psychoanalysis is that:

A) the client's negative self-statements cause psychological problems
B) a lack of self-actualization leads to mental disorders
C) therapy must desensitize the client to feared objects
D) unconscious conflicts lead to symptoms