Deck 25: Social Psychology

Question 1

"Look at them.They've got green hair! I bet they're terrible people,get poor grades,and take drugs." What area of psychology is best suited for studying how people make judgments of others based on physical appearance?

A) forensic psychology
B) social psychology
C) personality psychology
D) counseling psychology

Answer 1

social psychology

Question 2

Susan is going on a blind date with Michael.When she first meets Michael,she notices that he has long hair,an earring,and wears a leather jacket.She decides that Michael is rebellious,dangerous,and aggressive.She is basing her judgments on which of the following factors?

A) the two-way process
B) seeking information
C) the need to explain
D) social consequences

Answer 2

the need to explain

Question 3

Laura decides that the stranger sitting next to her in the restaurant is rich.He is well dressed,has a cell phone,and orders lobster to eat.This illustrates which of the following?

A) group polarization
B) need to explain
C) hindsight bias
D) consensus effect

Answer 3

need to explain

Question 4

Karen is asking Joe about next semester's classes that he's registered for.One of the classes is Social Psychology."What's that?" she asks Joe.Joe's most accurate response is:

A) "The course is on how we are influenced by our interactions with others."
B) "It is about how sociologists use psychology."
C) "Social Psych is the study of emotions in social settings"
D) "It's about how people get along with each other."

Question 5

Forming impressions and making judgments about the traits of others is called:

A) social facilitation
B) person perception
C) social reasoning
D) person polarization

Question 6

You advise your friend to dress appropriately for a job interview.As a student of social psychology,you recognize the importance of ____ in forming judgments about others.

A) altruism
B) the affective component of an attitude
C) internal attributions
D) physical appearance

Question 7

The example of Joshua Bell presented in the module illustrates:

A) that physical appearance influences our judgments of other people
B) the influence of motivation on intelligence
C) groupthink in an educational setting
D) how changes in the brain influence social behavior

Question 8

Which of the following topics would be most likely studied by a social psychologist?

A) stereotypes, persuasion, and attitudes
B) systematic desensitization, UCR, dieting, and superego
C) unconditional positive regard, and hypnotic amnesia
D) formal operations, Korsakoff's syndrome, and fight-or-flight response

Question 9

The way in which we perceive someone can influence:

A) the way in which we would interact with the person
B) causal relevance
C) attribution error
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 10

What area(s)of the brain become(s)activated when a person looks at a picture of an unfamiliar person of a different race?

A) area of the brain that is involved in emotional vigilance
B) the amygdala
C) the hippocampus
D) areas of the brain that integrate visual information and memory

Question 11

Will works for a large corporation as an employment interviewer.He visits colleges and universities interviewing job candidates.He says that he can tell if a candidate is the right person by just looking at the person.A social psychologist would call this:

A) prosocial behavior
B) altruism
C) personnel evaluation
D) person perception

Question 12

Those faces that we might consider the most attractive are those that:

A) are the most symmetrical in shape
B) come closest to the average face found in the general population
C) approximate a round shape
D) approximate a heart shape

Question 13

____ examines how our thoughts,feelings,perceptions,and behaviors are influenced by others.

A) Social psychology
B) Developmental psychology
C) Experimental psychology
D) Cognitive psychology

Question 14

Larry has noticed that when he wears jeans and T-shirts he is treated differently when he goes shopping than when he wears a suit and tie.This illustrates how physical appearance can influence:

A) person perception
B) social facilitation
C) deindividuation
D) person polarization

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics is not considered to be true of physically attractive people?

A) they have good genes
B) they are healthy
C) they are potentially good mates
D) they are conceited

Question 16

A man who lives in your town is very wealthy,but does not show it.In fact,he drives an old Chevy pick-up and wears worn clothes.Visitors to town,who do not know about his wealth,are often rude and inconsiderate to him.This best illustrates:

A) the central route of persuasion
B) how impressions of others will influence behavior
C) how individual behavior affects diffusion of responsibility
D) the actor-observer effect

Question 17

At the gym,you run into Jake.Jake is unshaven and is wearing ragged clothes and no-name tennis shoes,and he is also very sweaty.He asks you if you want to play some basketball.You think that Jake is a loser and say no.This best illustrates:

A) social cognition
B) situational attribution
C) how groupthink influences individual behavior
D) the influence of person perception on behavior

Question 18

What have researchers found about attractive faces?

A) Attractive faces come closest to the average face found in the general population.
B) Attractive faces have large eyes and high cheekbones.
C) Attractive faces are those that have a square shape.
D) Attractive faces have dimples, small eyes, low cheekbones, and a small forehead.

Question 19

Dr.Coleman is interested in how our thoughts,perceptions,and behaviors are influenced by other people.Dr.Coleman must be studying:

A) interpersonal psychology
B) clinical psychology
C) social psychology
D) personality psychology

Question 20

What is the best reason why the case of the FAMU Marching 100 band introduces the module on social psychology?

A) It illustrates social cognitive theory's concept of self-efficacy.
B) Their behavior illustrates the role of unconscious conflict on behavior.
C) This case illustrates how abnormal behavior can impair judgment.
D) It shows how good people can do terrible things.

Question 21

Stereotypes are widely held beliefs that people have certain traits because:

A) of their observable behavior
B) they belong to a particular group
C) of the fundamental attribution error
D) they hold utilitarian attitudes

Question 22

How do stereotypes develop according to your textbook?

A) Stereotypes are innate.
B) Stereotypes develop because of an interaction between genetics and the environment.
C) Others reward us for holding certain attitudes and beliefs.
D) There are biological predispositions found in most people that lead to stereotypes.

Question 23

Why are most women attracted to men who have masculine faces,larger jaws,and more muscle mass? An evolutionary explanation would be that these features signal:

A) high levels adrenaline
B) high levels of estrogen
C) high levels of testosterone
D) youthfulness

Question 24

Morton believes that all people from the South are slow and dull-witted.When Morton has a chance to meet with some articulate,intelligent Southerners,his stereotype:

A) is destroyed
B) will be reinforced
C) will dismiss this experience, since it doesn't fit with his stereotype
D) will be modified

Question 25

An unfair,biased,or intolerant attitude toward another group of people is called a(n):

A) prejudice
B) expectation
C) stereotype
D) attribution

Question 26

A father is talking to his young son."That's good,Kevin-boys know how to play baseball and girls don't." Is this the typical way that stereotypes develop?

A) No, stereotypes are due to genetic factors.
B) No, stereotypes are due to biological dispositions.
C) Yes, same-gender parents mold the attitudes of their children.
D) Yes, other people reward us with approval for holding certain attitudes.

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of discrimination?

A) a woman who thinks that all men are insensitive
B) a teacher who believes that a particular racial group is intellectually superior to all others
C) public washrooms being declared out of bounds to members of a particular ethnic group
D) someone who considers Germans to be orderly

Question 28

Prejudice is to discrimination as:

A) attitude is to behavior
B) underestimation is to overestimation
C) attribution is to schema
D) schema is to stereotype

Question 29

Person schemas that contain general information about people who have membership in groups are an example of:

A) dispositions
B) attributions
C) stereotypes
D) scripts

Question 30

Specific unfair behavior toward members of a group is known as:

A) prejudice
B) stereotyping
C) discrimination
D) attribution

Question 31

Katy has red hair.When other people see Katy,they assume she has a temper.This illustrates:

A) impression management
B) a stereotype
C) conformity
D) social characteristics

Question 32

Based on a study described in the module,who is most likely to receive the best treatment for their heart problems?

A) women
B) African Americans
C) men
D) White men

Question 33

John voted against Linda's promotion because he doesn't think women can do the job.John's behavior is an example of:

A) a stereotype
B) prejudice
C) an event schema
D) discrimination

Question 34

From evolution's point-of-view,a young woman's childbearing ability is signaled by her:

A) face free of winkles
B) facial skin free of pimples or blemishes
C) skin's softness
D) "hourglass figure"

Question 35

From an evolutionary perspective,an attractive face:

A) is mathematically symmetrical
B) is statistically unusual
C) implies some built-in ability
D) implies a potential for aggression

Question 36

Professor Varnadore studies how people judge others because they belong to certain groups.In which journal should Professor Varnadore publish her study?

A) American Journal of Attributional Thinking
B) Journal of Groupthink
C) Journal of Prosocial Behavior
D) Journal of Stereotypes

Question 37

A person who says that all Scottish people are thrifty and cheap is demonstrating:

A) discrimination
B) prejudice
C) impression management
D) segregation

Question 38

According to the textbook,what is one reason why we frequently use stereotypes?

A) stereotypes are reinforced by the general public
B) stereotypes require deep, reflective thought
C) it requires that we consider attributions and groupthink experiences
D) it saves us time thinking

Question 39

"I've noticed that when I think about my co-workers,I can only remember those that I really like or really don't like." This is an example of:

A) social schema recall
B) social cognition
C) polarization
D) self-criticizing bias

Question 40

From an evolutionary viewpoint,we are drawn to attractive faces because:

A) they signal that the person has good genes and health, and is a good mate
B) they signal that the person is in need of protection and nurturing
C) they are mathematically symmetrical
D) they are mathematically unsymmetrical

Question 41

An advantage of schemas is that they:

A) help us organize complex stimuli
B) force us to focus on all information, rather than just parts of it
C) help us see the world as others see it
D) constantly change

Question 42

Danny thinks he is a good athlete.Thus,he has an athletic self-schema.As compared to someone who does not have an athletic self-schema,it is likely that Danny:

A) will pay less attention to other athletic individuals
B) will remember information related to athletics better
C) will have his schema change if he encounters nonathletic information
D) will pay extra attention to information that slightly conflicts with his athletic schema

Question 43

A group of friends go out to a Thai restaurant.One of the friends says that he will be in charge of the ordering because,as he puts it,he "knows how this sort of thing is done." If this is,in fact,the case,the person would be making use of a(n):

A) self-schema
B) person schema
C) event schema
D) subconscious schema

Question 44

A foreign exchange student had never been to a dorm party.His friends ask him to watch a movie that portrays typical college partying.His friends are helping him develop a(n)____schema.

A) event
B) person
C) self
D) interpersonal

Question 45

Which of the following would be an example of an event schema?

A) not renting an apartment to a lesbian couple
B) knowing that all chess players are smart
C) thinking that dentists cause people to feel pain
D) expecting to wait in line for movie tickets

Question 46

What type of schema describes how we expect people to perform or act because of their social position?

A) dispositional schema
B) attributional schema
C) behavioral schema
D) role schema

Question 47

An experienced waiter can tell very quickly if a customer is a potential big tipper,and then serves the customer accordingly.To do this,the waiter would probably rely on a(n):

A) self-schema
B) person schema
C) event schema
D) subconscious schema

Question 48

You want to set up a website for information on the concept of attributions.What would be the most accurate name for the website?

A) www.explanation.edu
B) www.persuasion.edu
C) www.schema.edu
D) www.stereotype.edu

Question 49

The textbook describes the case of Dr.Harriet Hall,an Air Force flight surgeon.Her story illustrates how,even with exceptional accomplishments:

A) personality traits influence how others interact with us
B) people's perception is influenced by her birth defect
C) she had to tolerate prejudice and discrimination based on her sex
D) she had to tolerate prejudice and discrimination based on her religion

Question 50

A woman's schema about Italians is that they are very emotional and irrational.She travels to Rome and meets many pleasant,calm,and rational locals.When she returns,it is likely that her memory of the Italians' general behavior will be:

A) consistent with the type of people she met in Rome
B) distorted to be consistent with her schema
C) changed to include more negative judgments
D) unchanged, but she will be more emotional and irrational

Question 51

A disadvantage of schemas is that they:

A) restrict or bias what we attend to, store, and recall
B) create disorganization within long-term memory
C) cannot predict how we should behave in social situations
D) are easily changed

Question 52

Which of the following statements concerning a schema is not accurate?

A) Information inconsistent with a schema is discounted.
B) Schemas change easily.
C) Information supporting a schema is attended to.
D) Schemas persist.

Question 53

The explanations given for someone's behavior or beliefs are known as:

A) attributions
B) event schemas
C) person schemas
D) stereotypes

Question 54

An attribution is a(n):

A) stereotype
B) belief
C) explanation
D) attitude

Question 55

Tim says to his friend Juan,"Your grandfather is pretty fun.I never thought old people could be that much fun." Tim's comment is an illustration of:

A) a dispositional schema
B) an attributional schema
C) a role schema
D) self-serving bias

Question 56

State Trooper Kirk has a schema of a drug dealer: a nervous male who drives a nice car at slightly under the speed limit.A disadvantage of this schema is:

A) it slows decision making relating to stopping potential drug dealers
B) there are too many specific details in it, leading to confusion
C) "drug dealer" is more appropriate as a self-schema than a person schema
D) drug dealers who do not fit the schema may avoid detection

Question 57

Schemas are:

A) errors in attribution caused by cognitive dissonance
B) mental categories representing an organized collection of knowledge
C) attitudes resulting in prejudice and discrimination
D) factors that co-vary with the behavior we are trying to explain

Question 58

Why are schemas so highly resistant to change?

A) They prevent us from overlooking information.
B) They fail to fill in missing information.
C) We discount information that is inconsistent with them.
D) We forget information that is consistent with them.

Question 59

Dirk is given a ticket to a college football game.He is happy because he knows that people at college football games scream,drink beer,and have a good time.This knowledge is an example of a(n)____ schema.

A) event
B) person
C) self
D) interpersonal

Question 60

"I wear glasses even though I don't have to.People say that glasses make me look smart." This idea about intelligence and wearing glasses is an example of:

A) an external attribution
B) a person schema
C) deindividuation
D) counterattitudinal behavior

Question 61

Alfonso sees a news story about a beautiful 22-year-old blond woman who just married an elderly billionaire.Alfonso feels that the woman married the billionaire for his money.Alfonso's explanation is an example of:

A) a fundamental perceptual error
B) an attribution
C) prejudice
D) discrimination

Question 62

The term ____ refers to a real but invisible barrier that keeps women and people of color from reaching the top executive positions in business.

A) "glass ceiling"
B) "subtle prejudice"
C) "prejudicial fence"
D) "promotion cover"

Question 63

In determining whether other people engage in the same behavior in the same situations,we gather information on their:

A) consistency
B) distinctiveness
C) consensus
D) uniqueness

Question 64

In explaining a friend's behavior,you decide that there is high consistency,low distinctiveness,and low consensus.You are most likely to make a(n)____ attribution.

A) fundamental
B) situational
C) external
D) internal

Question 65

You see a friend walking towards you.You say "Hi." He doesn't even acknowledge you are there."What a jerk!" You have made a(n)____attribution.

A) peripheral
B) central
C) internal
D) external

Question 66

Conserving time and effort through the use of cognitive shortcuts is essential to the:

A) covariation principle
B) cognitive miser model
C) central route for persuasion
D) foot-in-the-door technique

Question 67

I don't want to use a great deal of energy and time thinking.So I take the easy way out when it comes to explaining behavior.From a social psychological perspective,I'm a(n):

A) internal dispositioner
B) intellectual miser
C) cognitive Scrooge
D) cognitive miser

Question 68

Andy believes that he did not get a job because the interviewer didn't ask the right questions.Andy is making an attribution based primarily on:

A) the situation
B) disposition
C) schemas
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 69

The tendency to overestimate the importance of dispositional factors and underestimate the importance of situational ones is known as:

A) stereotyping
B) fundamental attribution error
C) schema-driven processing
D) prejudice

Question 70

Harold Kelley developed the covariation principle to:

A) help people overcome responses resulting from obedience
B) categorize and identify the origins of specific attitudes
C) determine whether behavior should be attributed to dispositional or situational factors
D) identify the masculine and feminine components of an individual's self-schema

Question 71

How differently a person behaves in one situation compared to other situations is called:

A) specificity
B) distinctiveness
C) consensus
D) uniqueness

Question 72

If you look at the senior managers of the Fortune magazine top 500 companies,95% are white men.What barrier exists that prevents more women from reaching these top positions?

A) "prejudicial fence"
B) "subtle prejudice"
C) "glass ceiling"
D) "promotion cover"

Question 73

The covariation principle says that in deciding between dispositional and situational explanations,we should look for three factors:

A) consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness
B) person, role, and event schemas
C) behavioral, affective, and cognitive components
D) stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination

Question 74

Mike thinks that Bob did well on the physics test because Bob studied hard and for a long time for it.This is an example of a(n)____ attribution.

A) external
B) situational
C) consequential
D) dispositional

Question 75

You are looking for information on the individual who developed the model of covariation.Who was it?

A) Bandura
B) Kelley
C) Asch
D) Milgram

Question 76

A person making a situational attribution is explaining that a behavior is caused by:

A) someone's personality
B) how much ability the person has
C) external factors
D) how hard the person tries

Question 77

You've asked yourself many times why you do the things you do.Each time you conclude that you are "just that type of person." Therefore,you tend to make ____ attributions about your own behavior.

A) internal
B) external
C) primary
D) central

Question 78

A person's disposition refers to their:

A) peripheral route of persuasion
B) self-serving bias
C) type of schema
D) internal characteristics

Question 79

Each time Juan is in the student union,he acts very outgoing and will talk to anyone near him.In terms of the model of covariation,Juan shows:

A) consistency
B) distinctiveness
C) consensus
D) uniqueness

Question 80

According to the cognitive miser model,people conserve time and energy in making attributions by:

A) taking cognitive shortcuts
B) basing judgments on schemas
C) forming utilitarian attitudes
D) using the peripheral route for persuasion