Deck 1: Discovering Psychology

Question 1

The local theater group is putting on a play depicting the struggles of a 16-year old autistic male.Since the director wants the acting to be as realistic as possible,he should tell the actor portraying the autistic child to:

A) "show normal social behavior on stage"
B) "display moody behavior"
C) "demonstrate purposeful behavior"
D) "act disinterested in the other actors on stage"

Answer 1

"act disinterested in the other actors on stage"

Question 2

With only a couple of moments left in class,your professor says,"In the next class meeting,we will discuss a condition found in very few autistic people where they possess some unusual ability." Since you keep up on the textbook reading,you know that the professor is referring to:

A) metacognition
B) savants
C) ritual behavior
D) ADHD

Answer 2

savants

Question 3

You've just read a case history of an individual.This person has a difficult time relating to other people,has very serious problems in communication,and spends a lot of his time rocking back and forth.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this case history?

A) "Autism: A Serious Developmental Disorder"
B) "Mental Retardation: Lower Than Average Intelligence"
C) "A Case History of Munchausen Syndrome"
D) "The Effects of Avoidance Disorder"

Answer 3

"Autism: A Serious Developmental Disorder"

Question 4

In the definition of psychology presented in your text,the term behavior refers to:

A) mental processes
B) observable actions or responses
C) thinking
D) actions performed only by human beings

Question 5

The increase in autism is most probably due to:

A) the breakdown of the family
B) increased air and water pollution
C) childhood vaccinations
D) better awareness by parents and doctors

Question 6

You are trying to convince your friend who is the mother of an autistic child that psychology is a worthwhile field of study.Which statement would be most effective?

A) Introduction to Psychology is a required course.
B) Most employers expect a class in psychology.
C) Psychology can provide insights into the causes of complex behavior.
D) The unconscious mind is the focus of study in psychology.

Question 7

Which of the following people is most likely to be diagnosed with autism?

A) Ryan, a five-year-old who is retarded but has a special ability to relate well with others
B) Paul, a two-year-old who avoids people and spends long periods of time flipping his fingers
C) Ben, a six-year-old who has a history of depression
D) Anne, a ten-year-old who just recently has begun to withdraw from others

Question 8

While doing an internship at a group home for those with mental and physical disabilities,you meet a resident who can tell you what day any date fell on for the past 100 years.This person is probably:

A) a shaman
B) a savant
C) suffering from schizophrenia
D) very good at critical thinking

Question 9

Researchers working on the causes of autism have recently found:

A) a virus is involved
B) toxins in groundwater play a role
C) several genetic factors are involved
D) poor health care is involved

Question 10

Inez was attempting to recite the definition of psychology she read in her psychology textbook.She said that psychology is the systematic study of behavior and mental processes.What important word did she omit?

A) rigorous
B) controlled
C) psychoanalytical
D) scientific

Question 11

The disorder characterized by impaired development in social interactions,communication,and ritualistic behavior is:

A) childhood depression
B) attention deficit disorder
C) autism
D) Down syndrome

Question 12

The definition of psychology presented in your textbook is:

A) the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes.
B) the study of abnormal behaviors and ways to psychoanalyze individuals.
C) the systematic application of science to helping people who are mentally disturbed.
D) the systematic, scientific study of human behavior.

Question 13

According to Module One,some parents blame ____ for their child's autism.

A) prenatal viruses
B) diet
C) vaccinations during childhood
D) brain injury during childbirth

Question 14

Who is most likely to be diagnosed with autism and why?

A) Perry-autism is more likely to affect firstborn children
B) Daleesha-autism affects 10 times as many African Americans than other ethnic groups
C) Mi-autism affects 2 times as many girls than boys
D) Ryan-autism affects 3 to 4 times as many boys than girls

Question 15

Dr.Myerson,a noted authority on autism,argues that science is getting closer to understanding the cause of the disorder.Which of the following suspected causes is among the most promising?

A) unconscious conflicts
B) parenting styles
C) genetic links
D) childhood vaccinations

Question 16

Who is least likely to have taken a psychology course?

A) Kevin believes that behavior refers to observable actions.
B) Kyle argues that thinking and dreaming are examples of behaviors.
C) Karen says, "Psychology is the systematic, scientific study of behaviors and mental processes."
D) Kesha believes that mental processes are not directly observable.

Question 17

The prevalence of autism in the last 20 years has:

A) stayed about the same
B) increased slightly
C) decreased to a moderate degree
D) increased significantly

Question 18

Based upon Module One,for a phenomenon to be studied in psychology,it must be:

A) a behavior or a mental process
B) an abnormal behavior or abnormal mental process
C) an unconscious mental process
D) approved by the American Psychological Association

Question 19

Module One is introduced with a discussion of autism and test anxiety.In doing so,the author of your textbook is suggesting:

A) that psychology attempts to answer questions about complex problems
B) the importance of accurate diagnoses
C) that a careful definition of maladaptive behavior is important
D) that psychology's main focus is on abnormal behaviors

Question 20

You are on a game show that awards one million dollars to successful contestants.One of the questions asks you for the term given to an autistic individual who possesses a special memory or artistic skill.If you want to win the money,you should say:

A) a savant
B) a person with Type II schizophrenia
C) a humanist
D) an individual with fragile X syndrome

Question 21

Behavior is to mental processes as ____ is (are)to ____.

A) thinking; dreaming
B) thoughts; actions
C) observable; not directly observable
D) not directly observable; observable

Question 22

Professor Yates is lecturing on the definition of psychology.Which example of "behavior" should he use to most effectively communicate the definition?

A) "Behavior consists of activities such as thinking, forgetting, and problem-solving."
B) "Acts such as eating, walking, and running are examples of behavior."
C) "Behavior is synonymous with internal processes like memory and learning."
D) "We make no distinction between the observable and the unobservable-anything that a person does is behavior."

Question 23

The statement,"I bet you will smile when you hear good news," best illustrates the ____ goal of psychology.

A) predict
B) analyze
C) explain
D) summarize

Question 24

The four goals of psychology are to describe,explain,predict,and:

A) test
B) interact
C) observe
D) control

Question 25

Select the option that best illustrates an attempt to control behavior.

A) Mrs. Quinn, a third-grade teacher, is planning a new approach to reduce inattention in some of her students.
B) Short-term memory holds about seven pieces of information.
C) The brain structure called the thalamus relays sensory information to other parts of the brain.
D) Most people are likely to obey an authority figure.

Question 26

People smile.This statement best illustrates the ____ goal of psychology.

A) describe
B) analyze
C) explain
D) summarize

Question 27

The definition of psychology has evolved over time:

A) without much dissent or discussion
B) from specific to more broad
C) from broad to more specific
D) from a focus on humans to a focus on animals

Question 28

Joseph said that several years ago in a long food line in the Soviet Union,an elderly woman fell to the ground and died of a heart attack.No one helped her.He added that this lack of helping is probably due to a social psychological concept called "diffusion of responsibility." Joseph is fulfilling which goal of psychology?

A) to explain behavior
B) to predict behavior
C) to control behavior
D) to influence behavior

Question 29

Professor Wrastler is presenting modern approaches to psychology.As a well-prepared student,you notice an error Professor Wrastler makes in his lecture.What was the error you noticed?

A) He says, "The different approaches have different perspectives."
B) He writes on the chalkboard, "Different approaches, same research methods."
C) He says, "All of the modern approaches in psychology look at the same psychological phenomenon from different viewpoints."
D) He says and writes on the chalkboard, "The seven common approaches include biological, cognitive, behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic, cross-cultural, and evolutionary."

Question 30

In a documentary on TV,you hear of juvenile delinquents who have a hard time managing their anger.A psychologist has taught these troubled youths to think of how other people feel when they lose their temper so that they can reduce their anger episodes.This application of psychology illustrates which goal?

A) to explain behavior
B) to predict behavior
C) to control behavior
D) to influence behavior

Question 31

Based on the research presented in the textbook,why would autistic individuals have difficulty distinguishing objects from human faces?

A) The autistic brain uses the inferior temporal gyrus to process objects and the fusiform gyrus to process faces.
B) The autistic brain uses the same brain area to process objects and faces.
C) Autistic children have shortages of certain proteins in their brains.
D) The basal ganglia appears to be larger than normal in the autistic brain.

Question 32

Mental processes are described in your textbook as:

A) directly observable
B) observable actions
C) not directly observable
D) only behaviors performed by human beings

Question 33

Which of the following brain areas seem to process both objects and human faces in autistic individuals?

A) basal ganglia
B) cerebellum
C) fusiform gyrus
D) inferior temporal gyrus

Question 34

A 4ᵗʰ grade teacher says to one of his students,"The next time you get away from your desk,I am going to take away 5 minutes from your recess time." This example best illustrates the ____ goal of psychology.

A) describe
B) explain
C) predict
D) control

Question 35

People smile because they are happy.This statement best illustrates the ____ goal of psychology.

A) describe
B) analyze
C) explain
D) summarize

Question 36

An outdated idea of autism is that it was caused by cold and rejecting parents.This idea is most closely related to which goal of psychology?

A) describe
B) explain
C) predict
D) control

Question 37

The ____ approach studies how our genes,hormones,and nervous system interact with the environment to influence a variety of mental processes and behaviors.

A) biological
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic

Question 38

When someone is presenting their focus or perspective in understanding behavior,their _______ is being described.

A) goal
B) structuralism
C) approach
D) correlation

Question 39

As Professor Gilpin is lecturing on the definition of psychology,he asks a student,Rita,to think about an example of a mental process.After thinking about it,Rita is still confused by the term mental processes.To clarify the term,Professor Gilpin should:

A) ask a brighter student to define mental processes
B) point out to Rita that mental processes are emphasized by the learning approach
C) suggest that Rita use the SQ3R approach described in her text
D) suggest that Rita, in her attempt to think about mental processes, was in fact giving an example of a mental process

Question 40

In her research,Dr.Zhing has found abnormalities in parts of the brains of many autistic children.Dr.Zhing most likely uses the ____ approach.

A) behavioral
B) evolutionary
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 41

While a person with autism is listening to a conversation,what area of the brain is primarily used?

A) cortex
B) right side of the brain
C) medulla
D) temporal lobe

Question 42

The rules that Donna,the autistic individual described in Module One,devised to control her unwanted behavior,best illustrate the ____ approach.

A) behavioral
B) psychoanalytic
C) cross-cultural
D) humanistic

Question 43

Of the following activities,which is most likely to increase palmar sweating?

A) public speaking
B) crossing out all the "t's" in a newspaper article
C) watching a boring movie
D) sitting in a warm sauna

Question 44

Why might autistic individuals have problems with language and communication skills?

A) The right and left side of the brain do not communicate with each other.
B) They tend to process language in both sides of the brain
C) They tend to process language in the right side of the brain.
D) The temporal lobe does not effectively share information with the frontal lobe.

Question 45

You shake hands with a person right before she speaks to a large audience.You notice that her hands are sweaty.Assuming that she is nervous,her moist hands are called:

A) hypertrophism
B) empathetic sweating
C) palmar sweating
D) hypotrophism

Question 46

According to the biological approach,why do autistic children often fail to understand the nonverbal behavior of others?

A) there is less activity in mirror neurons which are involved in empathy
B) brain injury during childbirth
C) some unconscious conflict prevents them from experiencing empathy
D) these children never learned how to correctly read nonverbal behavior

Question 47

A biological perspective of a mental disorder may suggest that:

A) a mental disorder is the result of traumatic experiences
B) distorted perception is the main cause of mental disorders
C) mental disorders can often be traced to brain dysfunction
D) poor stress management techniques are the main cause of most mental disorders

Question 48

The research finding that autism is linked to defects in genes provides support for which modern approach?

A) biological
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic

Question 49

A cognitive psychologist may study the way we memorize a telephone number by:

A) investigating how we process and store the number in memory
B) analyzing the rewards available for successful memorization
C) researching the extent to which good memory skills are common in a family
D) interviewing to determine what unconscious motives may be associated with certain telephone numbers that a person has memorized

Question 50

Dr.Walsh is a psychobiologist and has published her work in several scientific journals.Of the following,which is the most likely journal to accept her papers?

A) Journal of Behavior and Brain
B) Journal of Clinical and Consulting Psychology
C) Journal of Cognitive Psychology
D) Psychometrics in Education

Question 51

As the professor hands him the exam,Andre thinks to himself,"Oh,if I don't do well on this exam,I'll lose my scholarship.And if I lose my scholarship ..." Andre is clearly worrying about his performance.This is an example of the ____ component of test anxiety.

A) biological
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) psychoanalytic

Question 52

____ studies cognitive skills by identifying the corresponding areas in the brain.

A) Gestalt psychology
B) Humanistic psychology
C) Cognitive neuroscience
D) Psychoanalysis

Question 53

If there was some dysfunction in mirror neurons,what deficiency might we see in a person?

A) Alzheimer's disease
B) memory problems
C) linking action and thought
D) understanding emotions in other people

Question 54

You hear a motivational speaker who suggests that people need to modify their environment to change behavior.You probably detect a hint of the ____ perspective in the speech.

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) psychoanalytic
D) cross-cultural

Question 55

Jerry is interested in discovering how people process,store,and use information.His interests reflect which psychological perspective?

A) Biological
B) Humanistic
C) Cognitive
D) Evolutionary

Question 56

Which set of words best fits with the cognitive perspective?

A) cerebellum, brain, biology
B) reinforcement, punishment, learning
C) process, learn, remember
D) unconscious, fears, guilty

Question 57

One of the best measures of the emotional component of test anxiety is:

A) excessive worrying
B) procrastination
C) attributing success to external causes
D) palmar sweating

Question 58

If you had to write a book that describes the basic principle of behaviorism,which title would be best to select?

A) Your Genes Are Your Friends
B) The Inner World
C) Studying the Unconscious
D) Rewards and Punishments

Question 59

In your psychology class tomorrow,a guest lecturer will present her research on identifying the areas of the brain that regulate planning leisure activities.She must specialize in:

A) cognitive neuroscience
B) clinical psychology
C) functionalism
D) structuralism

Question 60

Stacey believes that,ultimately,the causes of all types of mental disorders will be traced to imbalances in brain chemicals.This statement best represents which psychological perspective?

A) humanistic
B) cognitive
C) evolutionary
D) biological

Question 61

Seth claims that Juan's anxiety originates from unresolved sexual conflicts residing in his unconscious.Seth's observation about Juan is most consistent with the ____ perspective.

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic

Question 62

According to the psychoanalytic perspective,when is the most critical time of life in the development of personality traits?

A) early childhood
B) early adolescence
C) late adolescence
D) young adulthood

Question 63

"Our understanding of behavior must include an understanding of observable behavior as well as cognitive processes." Which theorist might have said that?

A) Albert Bandura
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Carl Rogers

Question 64

Rob has taught his dog to roll over on command by rewarding the dog with food whenever she exhibits the appropriate action.Rob's approach to teaching his dog tricks is similar to which psychological perspective?

A) biological
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) psychoanalytic

Question 65

A revised approach to behaviorism,which examines mental or cognitive processes as well as observable behaviors,is called the ____ approach.

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) social cognitive
D) structuralism

Question 66

Sigmund Freud developed which of the following modern approaches?

A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic

Question 67

The behavioral approach was influenced greatly by the work of ____,who stressed the study of observable behavior and reinforcement and punishment.

A) Sigmund Freud
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Erik Erikson
D) B.F. Skinner

Question 68

Psychologists adopting a behavioral perspective to the study of psychology look for explanations in:

A) the hereditary background of a person
B) the person's environment
C) idiosyncrasies of the brain
D) unique physical characteristics that may influence thinking

Question 69

Which school of thought discusses behavior in terms of a person's potential for growth and self-fulfillment?

A) psychoanalytical
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Question 70

Consider this: It is the early 20th century and you are Freud's personal assistant.As you listen to him speak,you can anticipate what he is about to say.One time,Freud is saying,"Anxiety,fear,and psychological problems are caused by ..." and he pauses as he thinks.You suddenly say to him what would ultimately become a key concept in psychoanalytic thought.What did you say?

A) "... unfulfilled human potential!"
B) "... an imbalance in brain chemicals like serotonin!"
C) "... unconscious conflicts and feelings!"
D) "... excessive rewards and punishments!"

Question 71

"All that really matters in our study is how environmental reinforcers influence observable behavior.Forget about mental processes." Who might have said this?

A) Sigmund Freud-the social cognitive theorist
B) Abraham Maslow-the strict behaviorist
C) B.F. Skinner-the strict behaviorist
D) Albert Bandura-the social cognitive theorist

Question 72

Which of the following schools of thought believes that our dreams could be interpreted to reveal unconscious fears?

A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) behaviorism
D) psychoanalytic

Question 73

Working from the psychoanalytic perspective,a psychologist examining a student's procrastination would focus on:

A) brain chemical imbalance
B) unconscious personality problems
C) poor planning skills
D) how procrastination is reinforced

Question 74

What personality traits may underlie test anxiety?

A) procrastination and depression
B) neuroticism and interpersonal conflict
C) neuroticism and external locus of control
D) susceptibility and external locus of control

Question 75

Research on test anxiety from the ____ perspective focuses on the unconscious reason for ____.

A) psychoanalytic; procrastination
B) cognitive; gender differences
C) humanistic; cultural differences
D) psychoanalytic; differing explanations

Question 76

In Freud's theory,unconscious,threatening thoughts and feelings lead to:

A) unresolved sexual conflicts
B) anxiety, fear, and psychological problems
C) changes in the cerebellum
D) an inability to self-actualize

Question 77

Karen believes that her boyfriend is afraid of making commitments because of an unconscious hatred for his mother.Her belief is closest to which psychological perspective?

A) humanistic
B) psychoanalytic
C) cross-cultural
D) cognitive

Question 78

Select the set of words that are most closely related to the psychoanalytic approach?

A) cerebellum, palmar sweating, serotonin
B) personal growth, freedom, potential
C) unconscious, dream interpretation, anxiety
D) reinforcement, punishment, behavior

Question 79

Albert Bandura believed that our behaviors could be influenced by:

A) observations, imitation, and thought processes in addition to the environment
B) understanding our reflexive actions
C) introspection
D) dream analysis

Question 80

If Mark has thoughts that make him feel fearful and guilty,Freud would say these thoughts would be:

A) classically conditioned
B) totally normal and have no effect on Mark's actual behavior
C) pushed into Mark's unconscious
D) reinforced by negative thoughts