Deck 5: Sensation

Question 1

Miranda and Joy are about to swim in a cold lake.Miranda jumps in and shortly experiences adaptation to the cold water.What is she most likely to say?

A) "It's nice once you get used to it."
B) "I'm having an attack of vertigo."
C) "I can see the water much more clearly now."
D) "The water seems to have gotten colder."

Answer 1

"It's nice once you get used to it."

Question 2

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that receptors in the eye are sensitive to is referred to as the ____ spectrum.

A) visible
B) light
C) upper
D) lower

Answer 2

visible

Question 3

Denise is unaware of the feel of the chair she sits in while playing with her computer.Denise's lack of sensitivity is the result of:

A) hypersensitivity
B) changing stimuli
C) lack of stimulation
D) adaptation

Answer 3

adaptation

Question 4

Alyssa can't smell the dirty diapers on the baby,but everyone else can.Why?

A) Alyssa has experienced transduction.
B) Alyssa is dichromatic.
C) Alyssa has experienced adaptation.
D) Alyssa has damaged Pacinian corpuscles.

Question 5

Each sense organ is designed to receive a kind of ____.

A) perception
B) chemical
C) visible spectrum
D) physical energy

Question 6

What do radio waves,X-rays,TV waves,and light waves all have in common? They are all:

A) located at the shorter end of the electromagnetic energy spectrum
B) forms of electromagnetic energy
C) examples of ultra-violet waves
D) in the invisible spectrum

Question 7

The process of ____ refers to the sense organ changing physical energy into electrical signals that become neural impulses.

A) adaptation
B) perception
C) transduction
D) sensation

Question 8

In order for you to see,your eye must change ____ beams of light waves into ____ beams of light waves.

A) narrow; broad
B) broad; narrow
C) invisible; visible
D) narrow; visible

Question 9

If you do not feel the chair you are now sitting in,it is because:

A) constant rubbing numbs nerve endings
B) when there is constant stimulation, our senses experience a decrease in responding
C) sitting tends to constrict blood flow and partially numbs our skin senses
D) the temperature on the surface of the skin goes up and makes us less sensitive

Question 10

The reason that we can "see" a rainbow is because the light waves are:

A) at the shorter end of the electromagnetic energy spectrum
B) at the longer end of the electromagnetic energy spectrum
C) ultra-violet waves
D) in our visible spectrum

Question 11

When the ear registers sound waves,the sound waves are transformed into electrical signals that become neural impulses.This process is called:

A) perception
B) transduction
C) adaptation
D) sensation

Question 12

Which is not a characteristic of all senses?

A) transduction
B) translucence
C) adaptation
D) perception

Question 13

Adaptation is less likely to occur when the stimulus is:

A) constant
B) low intensity
C) mild
D) high intensity

Question 14

As an image of an object goes through the front structures of the eye,the object's image:

A) is perceived by the individual
B) is converted into a longer electromagnetic wavelength
C) is turned upside down
D) is detected by the retina

Question 15

Sensations are to perception as ____ is to ____.

A) combining; separating
B) adaptation; transduction
C) meaningless; meaningful
D) illusion; constancy

Question 16

If a sense organ is continuously stimulated,the sense organ will decrease responding through the process of:

A) transduction
B) perception
C) agnosia
D) adaptation

Question 17

Perception occurs:

A) after the rods and cones become activated
B) when a stimulus activates a receptor, causing an impulse that is processed by the brain
C) after meaningful combinations of sensory experiences are created
D) before transduction

Question 18

The eye changing light waves into impulses and the ear changing sound waves into impulses are examples of:

A) transduction
B) translucence
C) adaptation
D) sensation

Question 19

Sensations occur:

A) when a stimulus activates a receptor causing an impulse that is processed by the brain
B) right after we experience illusions
C) after the sense organs engage in perception
D) once you react to the sensory input

Question 20

Which word best describes transduction?

A) stabilizes
B) creates
C) transform
D) reduces

Question 21

How many layers of cells are found in the retina?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 22

The structure in the front of the eye that first helps focus light waves into a narrower beam is the:

A) fovea
B) retina
C) cornea
D) iris

Question 23

How does the lens of the eye focus light on to the retina?

A) The lens goes through a process called transduction.
B) The lens is attached to muscles that change the curve of the lens.
C) The lens is attached to ganglion cells that send competing nerve impulses to the brain.
D) The lens goes through a process of adaptation.

Question 24

Deb has blue eyes; Erv's eyes are brown.The difference in eye color is the result of different pigments in the:

A) iris
B) pupil
C) cornea
D) lens

Question 25

Vi shines a flashlight into Mike's eye.The bright light will cause Mike's iris to:

A) relax and pupil to enlarge
B) constrict and pupil to become smaller
C) relax and pupil to become smaller
D) constrict and pupil to enlarge

Question 26

If the eyeball is too short,light from distant objects focuses at a point slightly in back of the retina,resulting in:

A) farsightedness
B) nearsightedness
C) cataracts
D) night blindness

Question 27

Transduction in the visual system takes place in the:

A) cornea
B) lens
C) retina
D) iris

Question 28

The kinds of photoreceptors in the retina are:

A) ganglion cells and end bulbs
B) rods and cones
C) cochlea and cones
D) Meniere's bodies and glial cells

Question 29

With far away objects,the surface of the lens becomes:

A) less transparent
B) more curved
C) less curved
D) more transparent

Question 30

The ____ of the eye can adjust its shape and focus light on the back surface of the eye called the ____.

A) cornea; lens
B) iris; fovea
C) lens; retina
D) pupil; ocular membrane

Question 31

A heavy concentration of cones can be found in:

A) the periphery of the retina
B) the optic nerve
C) the fovea
D) primary visual cortex

Question 32

The point of exit for impulses on their way from the eye to the brain is called the:

A) fovea
B) blind spot
C) retina
D) optic chiasm

Question 33

Rods are primarily located in the:

A) fovea
B) periphery of the retina
C) iris in farsighted individuals
D) optic nerve

Question 34

If the eyeball is too long,light from distant objects focuses at a point slightly in front of the retina,resulting in:

A) farsightedness
B) nearsightedness
C) cataracts
D) night blindness

Question 35

Most people are not aware of their blind spot because the area that is lost is filled in by the:

A) continuous back and forth movement of the eyes
B) association areas in the brain that give meaning to sensations
C) optic nerve
D) optic chiasm

Question 36

Uncle Randy finds that he is having trouble reading the newspaper,even when he holds it at arm's length.In fact,he has trouble focusing on close objects.It is probable that light is being focused:

A) slightly in front of the retina
B) beside the fovea
C) slightly behind the retina
D) slightly in front of the fovea

Question 37

The path that the light takes as it enters your eye is:

A) cornea, pupil, lens, retina
B) pupil, lens, retina, sclera
C) lens, cornea, pupil, retina
D) fovea, lens, cornea, retina

Question 38

Light-sensitive cells in the retina are called:

A) iris
B) cornea
C) lens
D) photoreceptors

Question 39

The surgical technique called LASIK is used to treat:

A) Meniere's disease
B) nearsighted vision
C) conduction deafness
D) neural deafness

Question 40

If you see distant objects clearly but close objects appear blurry,you are:

A) nearsighted
B) farsighted
C) normal
D) abnormal

Question 41

Which brain structure performs the initial processing of visual stimuli?

A) thalamus
B) cornea
C) fovea
D) visual association areas

Question 42

The ____ connect individually to neighboring cells.This allows us to see ____.

A) cones; in dim light
B) rods; in fine detail
C) cones; in fine detail
D) rods; in color

Question 43

Cones contain three different kinds of:

A) opsins
B) chromopsins
C) transopsins
D) rhodopsin

Question 44

Rods contain a single type of:

A) opsin
B) chromopsin
C) transopsin
D) rhodopsin

Question 45

Your astronomy professor must have taken a psychology class.He says to best look at a dim star,don't look directly at it,but to the side.Why is this good advice?

A) Rods are located in the fovea of the retina and respond best in dim light, whereas cones best respond to bright light and are located in the periphery.
B) Your cornea has special cells that function when looking at dim light from the side.
C) Rods are located in the periphery of the retina and respond best in dim light, whereas cones best respond to bright light and are located in the fovea.
D) Cones are located in the periphery of the retina and respond best in dim light, whereas rods best respond to bright light and are located in the fovea.

Question 46

Sidney is shown a picture of a dog.He reports being able to see the picture but cannot identify it as a dog.Sidney has likely suffered damage to which part of his brain?

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) optic lobe
D) visual association areas

Question 47

The ____ sends simple visual sensations to the ____,which add(s)meaning to the sensations.

A) retina; lens
B) primary visual cortex; association areas
C) optic nerve; optic chiasm
D) rods; cones

Question 48

Rods are used to see:

A) blacks, whites, and shades of gray
B) shades of color and fine detail
C) fine detail and primary colors
D) colors and general outlines

Question 49

Rods are to ____ as cones are to ____.

A) the fovea; the lens
B) small amounts of light; bright light
C) opsin; rhodopsin
D) light adaptation; dark adaptation

Question 50

A car accident completely destroys Ann's primary visual cortex.The most likely effect of the accident is that Ann will:

A) experience double vision
B) be almost totally blind
C) lose color but not black-and-white vision
D) be able to see close objects but not distant ones

Question 51

Which of the following structures allows you to read these words and see other stimuli in fine detail?

A) rods
B) cones
C) ganglion cells
D) cochlea

Question 52

After a traffic accident,a patient was diagnosed as having damage to parts of the primary visual cortex of the brain.Such damage will:

A) usually affect one eye
B) always result in total blindness
C) result in an inability to recognize objects
D) result in the loss of sight in spots of the patient's visual field

Question 53

If you look at a dim light,which of the following will show strong activation?

A) the fovea
B) cones
C) opsin
D) rods

Question 54

The structures responsible for our ability to see color are the:

A) cones
B) rods
C) rhodopsins
D) foveas

Question 55

Janice comments on the texture of the brush strokes in a painting.She does not notice the complexity of the visual image.Janice is probably relying on information provided by her:

A) thalamus
B) cones
C) visual association areas
D) primary visual cortex

Question 56

Information is transmitted from the eye to the brain through the:

A) fovea
B) cornea
C) optic nerve
D) retina

Question 57

What is the function of association areas?

A) Association areas allow us to see color.
B) Association areas respond to certain kinds of visual stimuli.
C) Association areas add meaning to the sensation.
D) Association areas help to focus light waves on the retina.

Question 58

When you look at objects in dim light,the objects lack color and clarity because:

A) cones are unable to see colors
B) of the process of light adaptation
C) the optic nerve does not register wavelengths of light when it is dark
D) rods do not distinguish colors or fine details

Question 59

Hubel and Wiesel have shown that cells located in the brain's primary visual cortex respond to ____ stimuli.

A) very general
B) intense
C) very specific
D) weak

Question 60

The primary visual cortex:

A) creates perceptions out of visual sensations
B) transforms nerve impulses into simple sensations
C) focuses light waves on the retina
D) transforms sensory information into a nerve impulse

Question 61

The range of hearing for college students is:

A) 30 to 18,000 cycles per seconds
B) 400 to 700 nanometers
C) 400 to 800 cycles per seconds
D) 30 to 18,000 nanometers

Question 62

A difficulty in assembling simple visual sensations into more complex,meaningful images is called:

A) sensory deficit
B) perceptual aphasia
C) visual agnosia
D) night blindness

Question 63

An individual who has only one kind of functioning cone will have:

A) night blindness
B) dichromatic color blindness
C) total color blindness
D) problems with light adaptation

Question 64

The ____ theory identifies three different types of cones in the retina.

A) trichromatic
B) trineural
C) trioptic
D) triconical

Question 65

A psychology professor is describing the experience of color blindness.She says,"It's like living in a black and white movie." What type of color blindness is she describing?

A) primary color blindness
B) unichromatic color blindness
C) trichromatic color blindness
D) monochromatic color blindness

Question 66

Each of the three opsins in the cones is most sensitive to one of the three:

A) types of agnosia
B) different categories of ganglion cells located at the front layer of the retina
C) wavelengths of light that make up the three primary colors
D) association areas

Question 67

As you walk on campus,you suddenly recognize an old friend who is heading towards you.What point in the visual pathway is responsible for the creation of this meaningful image of an old friend?

A) rhodopsin
B) visual association areas
C) primary visual cortex
D) cornea

Question 68

Monochromats are people who:

A) have only cones
B) see only in black and white
C) see bright colors better than dark colors
D) see only primary colors

Question 69

Ed has trouble driving because he cannot tell the difference between green and red lights.Ed has:

A) night blindness
B) agnosia
C) color blindness
D) opponent process disorder

Question 70

Whereas the trichromatic theory focuses on the functions of the cones,the opponent-process theory explains color vision by studying the:

A) rods
B) opsins
C) ganglion cells and thalamus
D) optic nerve and retina

Question 71

How we individually experience "red" depends on:

A) how many color genes a person has
B) how many rods a person has
C) the gender of the individual
D) the age of the individual

Question 72

In first grade,Thomas is found to be a monochromat.Thomas was born without:

A) attached retinas
B) functioning cones
C) complete cell development in one of the hemispheres of the occipital lobe
D) sight in one eye

Question 73

A wrestler gets poked in the eye.His color vision will be most affected if the poke damages the:

A) lens
B) rods
C) cones
D) cornea

Question 74

According to the trichromatic theory,the primary colors are:

A) yellow, blue, white
B) blue, green, red
C) orange, green, gray
D) brown, black, white

Question 75

What effect does a prism have on light?

A) It creates white light.
B) It separates light into white light of three wavelengths.
C) It creates the colors of orange, red, yellow, and blue.
D) It separates light into waves that vary in length.

Question 76

White light contains:

A) all the light waves in the visible spectrum
B) long wavelength light
C) all light waves except those of the wavelength corresponding to blue
D) the primary color

Question 77

A ganglion cell responds to the color blue when excited,and to the color yellow when inhibited.This idea is characteristic of the:

A) opponent-process theory
B) trichromatic theory
C) theory of reasoned colors
D) adaptation theory

Question 78

The most common problem for a dichromat is:

A) an inability to focus both eyes on a near object at the same time
B) seeing printed stimuli as though they were inside out and backwards
C) an inability to recognize objects presented visually
D) an inability to distinguish between red and green

Question 79

The trichromatic theory explains how:

A) we experience an afterimage
B) the brain changes light waves into color
C) cones in the retina change light waves into colors
D) rods in the retina change light waves into colors

Question 80

A chemist named Thomas Young believed that the cones are most responsive to blue,green,and red light.This theory is called the:

A) opponent-process theory
B) trichromatic theory
C) theory of reasoned colors
D) adaptation theory